ObjectiveTo explore the changes in color， odor and chemical components during wine-processing of Chuanxiong Rhizoma（CR）， identify differential markers， and provide a basis for standardizing the process and establishing quality standards. MethodsFifteen batches of CR samples from 4 producing areas were collected. Colorimeter and electronic nose were used to detect the color changes and odor components of CR before and after wine-processing. Multivariate statistical methods including partial least squares-discriminant analysis（PLS-DA）， principal component analysis（PCA）， discriminant factor analysis（DFA） and Fisher discriminant analysis were applied to identify wine-processed CR at different processing stages and establish discriminant models， and differential components were screened out based on variable importance in the projection（VIP） value1. Then， high performance liquid chromatography（HPLC） was employed to detect the content changes of four components（ferulic acid， senkyunolide I， senkyunolide A and ligustilide） during the processing stages. ResultsThe differences of wine-processed CR at various stages were primarily reflected in color parameters L^*（brightness value）， a^*（red-green value） and b^*（yellow-blue value）. Based on chromaticity differences， the color reference ranges were established for moderately processed CR， including L^* of 46.75-48.24， a^* of 5.37-6.07 and b^* of 20.32-21.70. In odor analysis， DFA revealed significant differences among processing stages， and 11 odor markers were identified， with four differential markers（4-hydroxy-3-butylphthalide， isopropyl butyrate， L-limonene and 1-methoxyhexane） based on VIP values. HPLC results showed that there was no significant difference of the four components except for ligustilide in wine-processed CR at different stages. ConclusionThis study achieved rapid identification of wine-processed CR with different processing degrees by electronic sensory technology and differential component content detection， with discrimination accuracy rates of 92.4% and 93.272% for color and odor， respectively. This paper also established the reference ranges of main colorimetric parameters for wine-processed CR at different stages， and four differential components were screened out， providing a basis for standardizing the processing of wine-processed CR and establishing quality standards for this decoction pieces.

ObjectiveTo explore the changes in color， odor and chemical components during wine-processing of Chuanxiong Rhizoma（CR）， identify differential markers， and provide a basis for standardizing the process and establishing quality standards. MethodsFifteen batches of CR samples from 4 producing areas were collected. Colorimeter and electronic nose were used to detect the color changes and odor components of CR before and after wine-processing. Multivariate statistical methods including partial least squares-discriminant analysis（PLS-DA）， principal component analysis（PCA）， discriminant factor analysis（DFA） and Fisher discriminant analysis were applied to identify wine-processed CR at different processing stages and establish discriminant models， and differential components were screened out based on variable importance in the projection（VIP） value1. Then， high performance liquid chromatography（HPLC） was employed to detect the content changes of four components（ferulic acid， senkyunolide I， senkyunolide A and ligustilide） during the processing stages. ResultsThe differences of wine-processed CR at various stages were primarily reflected in color parameters L^*（brightness value）， a^*（red-green value） and b^*（yellow-blue value）. Based on chromaticity differences， the color reference ranges were established for moderately processed CR， including L^* of 46.75-48.24， a^* of 5.37-6.07 and b^* of 20.32-21.70. In odor analysis， DFA revealed significant differences among processing stages， and 11 odor markers were identified， with four differential markers（4-hydroxy-3-butylphthalide， isopropyl butyrate， L-limonene and 1-methoxyhexane） based on VIP values. HPLC results showed that there was no significant difference of the four components except for ligustilide in wine-processed CR at different stages. ConclusionThis study achieved rapid identification of wine-processed CR with different processing degrees by electronic sensory technology and differential component content detection， with discrimination accuracy rates of 92.4% and 93.272% for color and odor， respectively. This paper also established the reference ranges of main colorimetric parameters for wine-processed CR at different stages， and four differential components were screened out， providing a basis for standardizing the processing of wine-processed CR and establishing quality standards for this decoction pieces.

Extracellular vesicles(EVs)are nanoscale membrane vesicles released by cells that carry bioactive molecules such as proteins and nucleic acids. They play a key role in intercellular communication. In recent years, they have shown significant potential in the diagnosis and treatment of corneal and ocular surface diseases. As diagnostic biomarkers, EVs derived from tears or other sources can reflect disease-specific characteristics, providing a basis for the early disease detection. In terms of therapy, mesenchymal stem cells(MSCs)-derived EVs deliver miRNAs to modulate inflammatory pathways, promote corneal epithelial repair, and inhibit fibrosis. Furthermore, as natural drug vehicles, EVs enable precise delivery of therapeutic agents and promote corneal wound healing. This review systematically summarizes the recent research advances in the application of EVs in the field.

Abnormal blinking can manifest in various ways, including a significant increase or decrease in blink frequency, incomplete blinking, and uncoordinated blinking movements. Currently, a unified diagnostic criterion is still lacking. Abnormal blinking is closely linked to factors such as ocular surface diseases, neurodevelopmental disorders, and visual function abnormalities. In recent years, an increasing number of pediatric patients have visited ophthalmic clinics with abnormal blinking as their primary complaint. With the rising incidence of pediatric meibomian gland dysfunction(MGD)and dry eye disease, their proportion among cases of abnormal blinking has also grown continuously.This article reviews the research progress on meibomian gland changes in children with abnormal blinking. It aims to provide guidance for the early prevention and clinical care of pediatric MGD, reduce the incidence of MGD, and shorten the treatment cycle, thereby providing a solid basis for clinical diagnosis, treatment, and precise prevention.

Objective: To analyze the characteristics of imported malaria cases in Jinhua City, Zhejiang Province from 2010 to 2024, so as to provide a basis for consolidating the achievements of malaria elimination and improving prevention and control measures. Methods: Data on imported malaria cases in Jinhua City from 2010 to 2024 were collected through the Parasitic Disease Prevention and Control Information Management System of the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention Information System, including basic information such as gender, age, household registration, and occupation, as well as data on disease onset, healthcare-seeking behavior, and epidemiological history. Descriptive analysis was conducted on the sources of importation, temporal distribution, population distribution, regional distribution, and the interval from disease onset to healthcare-seeking among imported malaria cases. The average annual percent change (AAPC) was used to analyze the trend in reported incidence of imported malaria in Jinhua City from 2010 to 2024. Results: A total of 581 imported malaria cases were reported in Jinhua City from 2010 to 2024, with Plasmodium falciparum malaria being the predominant type, accounting for 476 cases (81.93%). The average annual reported incidence of imported malaria in Jinhua City from 2010 to 2024 was 0.48/105, with no statistically significant overall trend (P>0.05). The majority of cases were imported from Africa, accounting for 532 cases (91.57%). A higher number of cases were reported from July to October, accounting for 258 cases (44.41%). Yiwu City reported the highest number of cases, accounting for 395 cases (67.99%). The majority of cases were males, accounting for 492 cases (84.68%), and aged 20-50 years, accounting for 487 cases (83.82%). The interval from disease onset to healthcare-seeking was more than 3 days in the majority of cases, accounting for 267 cases (45.96%). The median interval from onset to healthcare-seeking for non-Plasmodium falciparum malaria cases was 3.33 (interquartile range, 3.25) days, which was longer than that for Plasmodium falciparum malaria cases 3.00 (interquartile range, 3.00) days (P<0.05). Conclusions The overall trend in reported incidence of imported malaria in Jinhua City from 2010 to 2024 remained stable. The cases were predominantly Plasmodium falciparum malaria and imported from Africa. A higher incidence was observed in summer and autumn, in Yiwu City, and among males and young adults. The interval from disease onset to healthcare-seeking was longer for non-Plasmodium falciparum malaria cases.

Objective: To analyze the epidemiological characteristics and spatial-temporal clustering of hepatitis E in Jinhua City, Zhejiang Province from 2010 to 2025, so as to provide evidence for formulating targeted hepatitis E prevention and control measures. Methods: Data of reported hepatitis E cases in Jinhua City from 2010 to 2025, including gender, age and occupation, were collected through the Epidemiological Investigation System of China Disease Prevention and Control Information System. Descriptive epidemiological methods were used to analyze the temporal, population and regional distribution characteristics of hepatitis E. The average annual percent change (AAPC) was used to analyze the changing trend of reported incidence of hepatitis E. Spatial autocorrelation and spatial-temporal scan analysis were used to analyze the spatial-temporal clustering of hepatitis E. Results: A total of 2 555 hepatitis E cases were reported in Jinhua City from 2010 to 2025, with an average annual reported incidence of 2.65/105. The overall trend of reported incidence had no statistical significance (AAPC=-1.233%, 95%CI: -6.027%-3.782%, P>0.05). Cases were reported every month, and the number of reported cases was relatively high from January to May, with 1 302 cases (50.96%). The average annual reported incidence of hepatitis E among males was 3.47/105, which was higher than the female counterpart of 1.73/105 (P<0.05). The number of hepatitis E reported cases was relatively high in the groups aged 40-<50 years and 50-<60 years, with 544 cases (21.29%) and 671 cases (26.26%), respectively. The average annual reported incidence of hepatitis E was relatively high in the groups aged 60-<70 years and 70-<80 years, with 5.18/105 and 4.41/105, respectively. The number of hepatitis E reported cases was relatively high among farmers, with 1 512 cases (59.18%). Lanxi City had a relatively high average annual reported incidence of hepatitis E, at 4.53/105. Hepatitis E in Jinhua City showed positive spatial correlation in 2013, 2014, 2022, 2023 and 2025 (all P<0.05), exhibiting a spatially clustered distribution.The high-high clusters were mainly distributed in some townships (subdistricts) of Wucheng District, Lanxi City, Dongyang City, Pan'an County and Wuyi County. Class Ⅰ cluster of hepatitis E in Jinhua City from 2010 to 2025 was Choucheng Subdistrict of Yiwu City, with the clustering period from January 2011 to December 2018. Conclusions The reported incidence of hepatitis E in Jinhua City remained at a moderate level, with a gentle overall trend from 2010 to 2025. Hepatitis E peaked in winter and spring. Males, middle-aged and elderly people, and farmers were high-risk populations. Lanxi City and Yiwu City were high-risk areas.

Acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF) is an acute deterioration of liver function occurring on the basis of chronic liver disease, accompanied by failure of the liver and extrahepatic organs, and is associated with a high short-term mortality rate. Liver transplantation is the only curative treatment for patients with ACLF. However, the shortage of donor livers and limitations of the organ allocation system mean that only a minority of patients can receive transplants. The current organ allocation system based on the model for end-stage liver disease (MELD) score may underestimate the urgency of liver transplantation for ACLF patients. Therefore, it is urgent to develop better assessment tools to determine which ACLF patients are most likely to benefit from liver transplantation. This article reviews the current mainstream definitions of ACLF, the selection of candidates for liver transplantation in ACLF, and the prognostic scoring systems for liver transplantation in ACLF, both domestically and internationally, in order to provide a reference for the prognostic assessment of liver transplantation in ACLF patients.

Objective: : Baculovirus inhibitory of apoptosis repeat-containing 5 (BIRC5) is critically implicated in various types of tumors. However, the specific mechanisms by which it operates in glioma are yet to be fully understood. Methods: : The data sourced from The Cancer Genome Atlas and Gene Expression Omnibus were merged and analyzed using the R software to investigate the relationship between BIRC5 expression and prognosis and diagnosis outcomes. This exploration was conducted utilizing various biological information repositories. The correlation between BIRC5 and immunity was obtained based on TIMER and TISIDB databases. Results: : Gliomas displayed a markedly elevated level of BIRC5 expression compared to adjacent tissues. Patients with glioma who exhibit elevated levels of BIRC5 experience poorer prognoses and shorter survival times. Subgroup classification further revealed that heightened expression of BIRC5 led to diminished overall survival. Analysis of logistic regression and COX indicated that expression of BIRC5 serves as a risk factor in glioma development. Functional enrichment pathways showed that the 72 hub genes related to BIRC5 were mainly closely related to nuclear division, spindle, tubulin binding, and cell cycle in glioma patients. BBIRC5 methylation suggested that BIRC5 might influence the immune response regulation and the tumor microenvironment within gliomas. BIRC5 is associated with many chemicals. Additionally, studies conducted using cell experiments and pathological sections have consistently shown that BIRC5 expression is higher in tumor cells compared to normal cells and tissues. Conclusion : BIRC5 holds promise as a valuable tool in the diagnosis, prognosis, and management of gliomas.

Objective: : Baculovirus inhibitory of apoptosis repeat-containing 5 (BIRC5) is critically implicated in various types of tumors. However, the specific mechanisms by which it operates in glioma are yet to be fully understood. Methods: : The data sourced from The Cancer Genome Atlas and Gene Expression Omnibus were merged and analyzed using the R software to investigate the relationship between BIRC5 expression and prognosis and diagnosis outcomes. This exploration was conducted utilizing various biological information repositories. The correlation between BIRC5 and immunity was obtained based on TIMER and TISIDB databases. Results: : Gliomas displayed a markedly elevated level of BIRC5 expression compared to adjacent tissues. Patients with glioma who exhibit elevated levels of BIRC5 experience poorer prognoses and shorter survival times. Subgroup classification further revealed that heightened expression of BIRC5 led to diminished overall survival. Analysis of logistic regression and COX indicated that expression of BIRC5 serves as a risk factor in glioma development. Functional enrichment pathways showed that the 72 hub genes related to BIRC5 were mainly closely related to nuclear division, spindle, tubulin binding, and cell cycle in glioma patients. BBIRC5 methylation suggested that BIRC5 might influence the immune response regulation and the tumor microenvironment within gliomas. BIRC5 is associated with many chemicals. Additionally, studies conducted using cell experiments and pathological sections have consistently shown that BIRC5 expression is higher in tumor cells compared to normal cells and tissues. Conclusion : BIRC5 holds promise as a valuable tool in the diagnosis, prognosis, and management of gliomas.

Objective: : Baculovirus inhibitory of apoptosis repeat-containing 5 (BIRC5) is critically implicated in various types of tumors. However, the specific mechanisms by which it operates in glioma are yet to be fully understood. Methods: : The data sourced from The Cancer Genome Atlas and Gene Expression Omnibus were merged and analyzed using the R software to investigate the relationship between BIRC5 expression and prognosis and diagnosis outcomes. This exploration was conducted utilizing various biological information repositories. The correlation between BIRC5 and immunity was obtained based on TIMER and TISIDB databases. Results: : Gliomas displayed a markedly elevated level of BIRC5 expression compared to adjacent tissues. Patients with glioma who exhibit elevated levels of BIRC5 experience poorer prognoses and shorter survival times. Subgroup classification further revealed that heightened expression of BIRC5 led to diminished overall survival. Analysis of logistic regression and COX indicated that expression of BIRC5 serves as a risk factor in glioma development. Functional enrichment pathways showed that the 72 hub genes related to BIRC5 were mainly closely related to nuclear division, spindle, tubulin binding, and cell cycle in glioma patients. BBIRC5 methylation suggested that BIRC5 might influence the immune response regulation and the tumor microenvironment within gliomas. BIRC5 is associated with many chemicals. Additionally, studies conducted using cell experiments and pathological sections have consistently shown that BIRC5 expression is higher in tumor cells compared to normal cells and tissues. Conclusion : BIRC5 holds promise as a valuable tool in the diagnosis, prognosis, and management of gliomas.