Erosive pustular dermatosis of the scalp (EPDS) is a rare superficial skin inflammatory disease that occurs on the scalp, and its pathogenesis is still unclear. Its clinical manifestations are similar to those of infective inflammation and malignant tumors, and its diagnosis is highly dependent on non-specific pathological changes, so the diagnosis is relatively difficult. Clinically, topical glucocorticoids are the main treatment method, but treatment outcomes vary greatly among individuals, and patients with refractory EPDS need other treatment methods. EPDS generally requires long-term topical glucocorticoid therapy, and adverse drug reactions are common. This review summarizes research progress in EPDS in recent years, in order to improve clinicians' understanding of this disease.

Congenital triangular alopecia is a kind of non-inflammatory and non-cicatricial alopecia, and most cases develop this disease at the ages of 2 - 9 years. The pathogenesis of congenital triangular alopecia is still unclear, and there is a lack of effective treatments. Congenital triangular alopecia is rather liable to be misdiagnosed and erroneously treated, and dermoscopy helps confirm the diagnosis. This review summarizes the progress in the epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical diagnosis, and treatment of congenital triangular alopecia.

Morphea alopecia is a rare secondary cicatricial alopecia, often caused by linear scleroderma of the scalp. When hair loss appears as the only symptom of morphea, it is easily confused with other localized alopecia. The diagnosis of morphea alopecia depends on histopathologic and dermoscopic examinations. In order to improve the understanding of morphea alopecia among clinicians, this review summarizes research progress in its pathogenesis, clinical and pathological characteristics, diagnosis and treatment.

Objective To analyze the correlation between ferroptosis and post operative cognitive dysfunction(POCD)in elderly patients with fractures.Methods A total of 120 elderly patients with fracture were divided into the control group and the POCD group according to whether POCD occurred,with 60 cases in each group.Basic data of the two groups were collected.The levels of nerve injury indicators[brain myelin basic protein(MBP),glial fibrillary acidic protein(GFAP)],and fractures markers[glutathione peroxidase 4(GPX4),cyclooxygenase 2(COX2),long-chain acyl-CoA synthase 4(ACSL4)]were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay at 6 h after surgery.Logistic regression was used to analyze risk factors of POCD in elderly patients with fracture.The correlations between MBP,GFAP and GPX4,COX2 and ACSL4 were analyzed by Pearson correlation analysis.Receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curves were used to analyze predictive values of MBP,GFAP,GPX4,COX2 and ACSL4 levels to POCD.Results The age,proportion of general anesthesia,anesthesia time,intraoperative blood loss and MBP,GFAP,COX2,ACSL4 levels were higher in the POCD group than those in the control group(P＜0.05),while GPX4 was lower than that in the control group(P＜0.05).The levels of MBP and GFAP were negatively correlated with levels of GPX4 in elderly patients with fractures,and positively correlated with levels of COX2 and ACSL4(P＜0.05).Advanced age,general anesthesia,long duration of anesthesia,increased levels of MBP,GFAP,COX2 and ACSL4,and decreased level of GPX4 were independent risk factors for POCD in elderly fracture patients(P＜0.05).The critical values of GPX4,COX2 and ACSL4 for predicting POCD in elderly patients with fractures were GPX4≤23.05 μg/L,COX2≥20.35 μg/L and ACSL4≥237.85 μg/L,and the AUC were 0.869,0.736 and 0.841.The sensitivity was 76.67%,68.33%and 88.33%,and the specificity was 86.67%,78.33%and 75.00%,respectively.The diagnostic efficacy of GFAP,COX2 and ACSL4 was higher than that of MBP and GFAP.Conclusion The incidence of POCD in elderly patients with fracture is associated with ferroptosis,and levels of GPX4,COX2 and ACSL4 have certain predictive value for the incidence of POCD after surgery in elderly patients with fracture.

Objective To analyze the correlation between ferroptosis and post operative cognitive dysfunction(POCD)in elderly patients with fractures.Methods A total of 120 elderly patients with fracture were divided into the control group and the POCD group according to whether POCD occurred,with 60 cases in each group.Basic data of the two groups were collected.The levels of nerve injury indicators[brain myelin basic protein(MBP),glial fibrillary acidic protein(GFAP)],and fractures markers[glutathione peroxidase 4(GPX4),cyclooxygenase 2(COX2),long-chain acyl-CoA synthase 4(ACSL4)]were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay at 6 h after surgery.Logistic regression was used to analyze risk factors of POCD in elderly patients with fracture.The correlations between MBP,GFAP and GPX4,COX2 and ACSL4 were analyzed by Pearson correlation analysis.Receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curves were used to analyze predictive values of MBP,GFAP,GPX4,COX2 and ACSL4 levels to POCD.Results The age,proportion of general anesthesia,anesthesia time,intraoperative blood loss and MBP,GFAP,COX2,ACSL4 levels were higher in the POCD group than those in the control group(P＜0.05),while GPX4 was lower than that in the control group(P＜0.05).The levels of MBP and GFAP were negatively correlated with levels of GPX4 in elderly patients with fractures,and positively correlated with levels of COX2 and ACSL4(P＜0.05).Advanced age,general anesthesia,long duration of anesthesia,increased levels of MBP,GFAP,COX2 and ACSL4,and decreased level of GPX4 were independent risk factors for POCD in elderly fracture patients(P＜0.05).The critical values of GPX4,COX2 and ACSL4 for predicting POCD in elderly patients with fractures were GPX4≤23.05 μg/L,COX2≥20.35 μg/L and ACSL4≥237.85 μg/L,and the AUC were 0.869,0.736 and 0.841.The sensitivity was 76.67%,68.33%and 88.33%,and the specificity was 86.67%,78.33%and 75.00%,respectively.The diagnostic efficacy of GFAP,COX2 and ACSL4 was higher than that of MBP and GFAP.Conclusion The incidence of POCD in elderly patients with fracture is associated with ferroptosis,and levels of GPX4,COX2 and ACSL4 have certain predictive value for the incidence of POCD after surgery in elderly patients with fracture.

Morphea alopecia is a rare secondary cicatricial alopecia, often caused by linear scleroderma of the scalp. When hair loss appears as the only symptom of morphea, it is easily confused with other localized alopecia. The diagnosis of morphea alopecia depends on histopathologic and dermoscopic examinations. In order to improve the understanding of morphea alopecia among clinicians, this review summarizes research progress in its pathogenesis, clinical and pathological characteristics, diagnosis and treatment.

Erosive pustular dermatosis of the scalp (EPDS) is a rare superficial skin inflammatory disease that occurs on the scalp, and its pathogenesis is still unclear. Its clinical manifestations are similar to those of infective inflammation and malignant tumors, and its diagnosis is highly dependent on non-specific pathological changes, so the diagnosis is relatively difficult. Clinically, topical glucocorticoids are the main treatment method, but treatment outcomes vary greatly among individuals, and patients with refractory EPDS need other treatment methods. EPDS generally requires long-term topical glucocorticoid therapy, and adverse drug reactions are common. This review summarizes research progress in EPDS in recent years, in order to improve clinicians' understanding of this disease.

Congenital triangular alopecia is a kind of non-inflammatory and non-cicatricial alopecia, and most cases develop this disease at the ages of 2 - 9 years. The pathogenesis of congenital triangular alopecia is still unclear, and there is a lack of effective treatments. Congenital triangular alopecia is rather liable to be misdiagnosed and erroneously treated, and dermoscopy helps confirm the diagnosis. This review summarizes the progress in the epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical diagnosis, and treatment of congenital triangular alopecia.

Objective To investigate the relationship between serum indoxyl sulfate(IS),Clusterin and coronary artery lesions in patients with acute coronary syndrome(ACS)and its predictive value for short-term prognosis.Methods A total of 120 ACS patients who were admitted to the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University from June 2021 to October 2022 were selected as the research subjects(ACS group),and another 80 healthy volunteers who underwent physical examinations in our hospital during the same period were selected as the control group.Serum IS and Clusterin levels of patients in the ACS group and control group were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.ACS patients were divided into a single-vessel disease group(n=43),a double-vessel disease group(n=49)and a multi-vessel disease group(n=28)according to the number of coronary artery lesions,divided into a mild lesion group(n=37),moderate lesion group(n=48)and severe lesion group(n=35)according to the Gensini score,and divided into a good prognosis group(n=85)and a poor prognosis group(n=35)according to the short-term prognosis.The influencing factors for poor short-term prognosis in ACS patients were analyzed by univariate and multivariate logistic regression,and the predictive value of serum IS and Clusterin levels for poor short-term prognosis in ACS patients was evaluated by receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve.Results The serum IS and Clusterin levels of patients in the ACS group were significantly higher than those in the control group(P＜0.05).The serum IS and Clusterin levels of patients in the single-vessel disease group,double-vessel disease group and multi-vessel disease group increased in turn(P＜0.05).The serum IS and Clusterin levels of patients in the mild lesion group,moderate lesion group and severe lesion group increased in turn(P＜0.05).The incidence of poor short-term prognosis in 120 ACS patients was 29.17％(35/120).Univariate analysis showed that,ACS type,Gensini score,KILLIP grade,number of coronary artery lesions,IS,and Clusterin were related to the short-term prognosis in ACS patients(P＜0.05).Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that,increased Gensini score,increased IS,increased Clusterin,KILLIP grade≥Ⅲ,and multi-vessel coronary artery disease were independent risk factors for poor short-term prognosis in ACS patients(P＜0.05).The area under the ROC curve(AUC)for predicting poor short-term prognosis in ACS patients based on serum IS level was 0.747(95％confidence interval:0.529-0.946),with sensitivity of 71.43％,specificity of 74.12％,accuracy of 73.33％,and Youden index of 0.455.The AUC for predicting poor short-term prognosis in ACS patients based on serum Clusterin level was 0.693(95％confidence interval:0.439-0.951),with sensitivity of 68.57％,specificity of 70.59％,accuracy of 7.00％,and Youden index of 0.392.The AUC for predicting poor short-term prognosis in ACS patients based on both serum IS and Clusterin levels was 0.825(95％confidence interval:0.687-0.968),with sensitivity of 82.86％,specificity of 83.53％,accuracy of 83.33％,and Youden index of 0.664.Conclusion Increased serum IS and Clusterin levels are associated with aggravation of coronary artery disease and poor short-term prognosis in ACS patients,and a combination of the two has a high predictive value for poor short-term prognosis in ACS patients.

Objective To investigate the application of personal health record(PHR)and chronic disease management platform established on the basis of patient portal system(PPS)in managing older adults with coronary heart disease and to examine the effect on patients'self-care ability,coping mode,and quality of life.Methods A total of 532 elderly patients with coronary heart disease were included in the study.All the participants enrolled were admitted to a tertiary-care hospital between January 2019 and June 2021.They were randomly assigned to the study group(269 cases)and the control group(263 cases).Patients in the control group were discharged with the routine discharge procedures and received the routine follow-up care.On the other hand,patients in the study group were discharged and followed up through the PHR and chronic disease management platform established on the basis of PPS.After 6 months,12 months,and 18 months of patient management,the Exercise of Self-Care Agency(ESCA)Scale,Medical Coping Modes Questionnaire(MCMQ)and Seattle Angina Questionnaire(SAQ)were used to evaluate the patients'self-care ability,coping mode,and quality of life,respectively.The patient management effects of the two groups were analyzed.Results Before the management programs started,there was no statistically significant difference in the scores for the scales between the two groups of patients.After 6 months,12 months,and 18 months of patient management,the ESCA scores of both groups were higher than those before patient management started(P＜0.05).Facing scores in the MCMQ of both groups were higher than those before patient management started(P＜0.05),while the scores for avoidance and yielding were lower than those before patient management started(P＜0.05).The SAQ scores of both groups were higher than those before patient management started(P＜0.05).After 6 months,12 months and 18 months of patient management,the ESCA scores of the study group were always higher compared with those of the control group(P＜0.05).The facing score of the study group was higher,while the scores for avoidance and yielding were lower compared with those of the control group(P＜0.05).The SAQ scores of the study group were higher compared with those of the control group(P＜0.05).The medication compliance rate in the study group(83.27%)was higher than that in the control group(69.96%)(P＜0.05).The incidence of adverse cardiovascular events in the study group(4.09%)was lower than that in the control group(10.27%)(P＜0.05).The average times of emergency treatment and readmission in the study group were lower compared with those of the control group(P＜0.05).The patient satisfaction score of the study group was higher compared with that of the control group(P＜0.05).Conclusion The PHR and chronic disease management platform established on the basis of PPS can increase the convenient access to medical care among elderly patients with coronary heart disease,which is conducive to improving their self-care ability,coping mode,and quality of life.In addition,the patient management effect is good.