Pulpotomy, which belongs to vital pulp therapy, has become a strategy for managing pulpitis in recent decades. This minimally invasive treatment reflects the recognition of preserving healthy dental pulp and optimizing long-term patient-centered outcomes. Pulpotomy is categorized into partial pulpotomy (PP), the removal of a partial segment of the coronal pulp tissue, and full pulpotomy (FP), the removal of whole coronal pulp, which is followed by applying the biomaterials onto the remaining pulp tissue and ultimately restoring the tooth. Procedural decisions for the amount of pulp tissue removal or retention depend on the diagnostic of pulp vitality, the overall treatment plan, the patient's general health status, and pulp inflammation reassessment during operation. This statement represents the consensus of an expert committee convened by the Society of Cariology and Endodontics, Chinese Stomatological Association. It addresses the current evidence to support the application of pulpotomy as a potential alternative to root canal treatment (RCT) on mature permanent teeth with pulpitis from a biological basis, the development of capping biomaterial, and the diagnostic considerations to evidence-based medicine. This expert statement intends to provide a clinical protocol of pulpotomy, which facilitates practitioners in choosing the optimal procedure and increasing their confidence in this rapidly evolving field.
Humans ; Calcium Compounds/therapeutic use* ; Consensus ; Dental Pulp ; Dentition, Permanent ; Oxides/therapeutic use* ; Pulpitis/therapy* ; Pulpotomy/standards*

Early correction of childhood malocclusion is timely managing morphological, structural, and functional abnormalities at different dentomaxillofacial developmental stages. The selection of appropriate imaging examination and comprehensive radiological diagnosis and analysis play an important role in early correction of childhood malocclusion. This expert consensus is a collaborative effort by multidisciplinary experts in dentistry across the nation based on the current clinical evidence, aiming to provide general guidance on appropriate imaging examination selection, comprehensive and accurate imaging assessment for early orthodontic treatment patients.
Humans ; Malocclusion/diagnostic imaging* ; Child ; Consensus

Instrument separation is a critical complication during root canal therapy, impacting treatment success and long-term tooth preservation. The etiology of instrument separation is multifactorial, involving the intricate anatomy of the root canal system, instrument-related factors, and instrumentation techniques. Instrument separation can hinder thorough cleaning, shaping, and obturation of the root canal, posing challenges to successful treatment outcomes. Although retrieval of separated instrument is often feasible, it carries risks including perforation, excessive removal of tooth structure and root fractures. Effective management of separated instruments requires a comprehensive understanding of the contributing factors, meticulous preoperative assessment, and precise evaluation of the retrieval difficulty. The application of appropriate retrieval techniques is essential to minimize complications and optimize clinical outcomes. The current manuscript provides a framework for understanding the causes, risk factors, and clinical management principles of instrument separation. By integrating effective strategies, endodontists can enhance decision-making, improve endodontic treatment success and ensure the preservation of natural dentition.
Humans ; Root Canal Therapy/adverse effects* ; Consensus ; Root Canal Preparation/adverse effects*

Peri-implant keratinized mucosa (PIKM) augmentation refers to surgical procedures aimed at increasing the width of PIKM. Consensus reports emphasize the necessity of maintaining a minimum width of PIKM to ensure long-term peri-implant health. Currently, several surgical techniques have been validated for their effectiveness in increasing PIKM. However, the selection and application of PIKM augmentation methods may present challenges for dental practitioners due to heterogeneity in surgical techniques, variations in clinical scenarios, and anatomical differences. Therefore, clear guidelines and considerations for PIKM augmentation are needed. This expert consensus focuses on the commonly employed surgical techniques for PIKM augmentation and the factors influencing their selection at second-stage surgery. It aims to establish a standardized framework for assessing, planning, and executing PIKM augmentation procedures, with the goal of offering evidence-based guidance to enhance the predictability and success of PIKM augmentation.
Humans ; Consensus ; Dental Implants ; Mouth Mucosa/surgery* ; Keratins

Radiochemotherapy-induced oral mucositis (OM) is a common oral complication in patients with tumors following head and neck radiotherapy or chemotherapy. Erosion and ulcers are the main features of OM that seriously affect the quality of life of patients and even the progress of tumor treatment. To date, differences in clinical prevention and treatment plans for OM have been noted among doctors of various specialties, which has increased the uncertainty of treatment effects. On the basis of current research evidence, this expert consensus outlines risk factors, clinical manifestations, clinical grading, ancillary examinations, diagnostic basis, prevention and treatment strategies and efficacy indicators for OM. In addition to strategies such as basic oral care, anti-inflammatory and analgesic agents, anti-infective agents, pro-healing agents, and photobiotherapy recommended in previous guidelines, we also emphasize the role of traditional Chinese medicine in OM prevention and treatment. This expert consensus aims to provide references and guidance for dental physicians and oncologists in formulating strategies for OM prevention, diagnosis, and treatment, standardizing clinical practice, reducing OM occurrence, promoting healing, and improving the quality of life of patients.
Humans ; Chemoradiotherapy/adverse effects* ; Consensus ; Risk Factors ; Stomatitis/etiology*

Digital technologies have become an integral part of complete denture restoration. With advancement in computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM), tools such as intraoral scanning, facial scanning, 3D printing, and numerical control machining are reshaping the workflow of complete denture restoration. Unlike conventional methods that rely heavily on clinical experience and manual techniques, digital technologies offer greater precision, predictability, and efficacy. They also streamline the process by reducing the number of patient visits and improving overall comfort. Despite these improvements, the clinical application of digital complete denture restoration still faces challenges that require further standardization. The major issues include appropriate case selection, establishing consistent digital workflows, and evaluating long-term outcomes. To address these challenges and provide clinical guidance for practitioners, this expert consensus outlines the principles, advantages, and limitations of digital complete denture technology. The aim of this review was to offer practical recommendations on indications, clinical procedures and precautions, evaluation metrics, and outcome assessment to support digital restoration of complete denture in clinical practice.
Humans ; Denture, Complete ; Computer-Aided Design ; Denture Design/methods* ; Consensus ; Printing, Three-Dimensional

Metabolic heterogeneity plays a central role in sustaining uncontrolled cancer cell proliferation and shaping the tumor microenvironment(TME),which significantly compromises the clinical outcomes and responses to therapy in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma(HNSCC)patients.This highlights the urgent need to delineate the intrinsic heterogeneity and biological roles of metabolic vulnerabilities to advance precision oncology.The metabolic heterogeneity of malignant cells was identified using single-cell RNA sequencing(scRNA-seq)profiles and validated through bulk transcriptomes.Serine-glycine-one-carbon(SGOC)metabolism was screened out to be responsible for the aggressive malignant properties and poor prognosis in HNSCC patients.A 4-SGOC gene prognostic signature,constructed by LASSO-COX regression analysis,demonstrated good predictive performance for overall survival and therapeutic responses.Patients in the low-risk group exhibited greater infiltration of exhausted CD8+T cells,and demonstrated better clinical outcomes after receiving immunotherapy and chemotherapy.Conversely,high-risk patients exhibited characteristics of cold tumors,with enhanced IMPDH1-mediated purine biosynthesis,resulting in poor responses to current therapies.IMPDH1 emerged as a potential therapeutic metabolic target.Treatment with IMPDH inhibitors effectively suppressed HNSCC cell proliferation and metastasis and induced apoptosis in vitro and in vivo by triggering GTP-exhaustion nucleolar stress.Our findings underscore the metabolic vulnerabilities of HNSCC in facilitating accurate patient stratification and individualized precise metabolic-targeted treatment.

Metabolic heterogeneity plays a central role in sustaining uncontrolled cancer cell proliferation and shaping the tumor microenvironment(TME),which significantly compromises the clinical outcomes and responses to therapy in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma(HNSCC)patients.This highlights the urgent need to delineate the intrinsic heterogeneity and biological roles of metabolic vulnerabilities to advance precision oncology.The metabolic heterogeneity of malignant cells was identified using single-cell RNA sequencing(scRNA-seq)profiles and validated through bulk transcriptomes.Serine-glycine-one-carbon(SGOC)metabolism was screened out to be responsible for the aggressive malignant properties and poor prognosis in HNSCC patients.A 4-SGOC gene prognostic signature,constructed by LASSO-COX regression analysis,demonstrated good predictive performance for overall survival and therapeutic responses.Patients in the low-risk group exhibited greater infiltration of exhausted CD8+T cells,and demonstrated better clinical outcomes after receiving immunotherapy and chemotherapy.Conversely,high-risk patients exhibited characteristics of cold tumors,with enhanced IMPDH1-mediated purine biosynthesis,resulting in poor responses to current therapies.IMPDH1 emerged as a potential therapeutic metabolic target.Treatment with IMPDH inhibitors effectively suppressed HNSCC cell proliferation and metastasis and induced apoptosis in vitro and in vivo by triggering GTP-exhaustion nucleolar stress.Our findings underscore the metabolic vulnerabilities of HNSCC in facilitating accurate patient stratification and individualized precise metabolic-targeted treatment.

To address the problems existing in the ideological and political education in professional curriculum chain of obstetrics and gynecology at present, this paper suggests a design of curriculum chain which goes along the main line of ideological and political education. Surrounding the specific goal of education, this design advocates the guidance of thoughts and team building. By excavating the ideological and political elements in professional course chain, adopting the blended teaching method based on MOOC, strengthening the passing-on of value in the clinical practice of obstetrics and gynecology, this design finds out effective ways to integrate the curriculum chain of obstetrics and gynecology and ideological and political education naturally. The paper also proves the effectiveness of this model of curriculum design with a survey. This paper may provide some inspiration or reference to the future reform of ideological and political education in clinical medicine curriculum chain and the transformation of medical education model.

Antineoplastic Agents/adverse effects* ; Head and Neck Neoplasms ; Humans ; Radiotherapy/adverse effects* ; Stomatitis/prevention & control*