Objective: To explore the association between dietary inflammatory index (DII) and elevated blood pressure among primary school students, and to analyze the mediating role of body mass index (BMI) in this association, so as to provide a scientific basis for the early prevention of childhood hypertension and dietary guidance. Methods: Research conducted based on the Ma anshan Child Growth Cohort in Anhui Province. From April to June 2024, 4 057 primary school students were selected as study subjects using a multi stage cluster sampling method. Dietary information was collected via Semi quantitative Food Frequency Questionnaire to calculate the DII score. BMI was obtained by measuring students height and weight. Elevated blood pressure was defined based on the Blood Pressure Reference Standards for Children Aged 3-17 Years. Logistic regression was used to analyze the association between DII scores and the risk of elevated blood pressure, and the Bootstrap method was employed to test for mediating effects. Results: The detection rate of elevated blood pressure among primary school students was 10.1% (408 cases). Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that, after adjusting for covariates such as gender and age, for each standard deviation increase in the DII score ( s =1.94), the risk of elevated blood pressure increased by 15% ( OR =1.15, 95% CI =1.04- 1.28 , P <0.05). Compared with the lowest quartile group of DII scores ( Q 1), students in the highest quartile group ( Q 4) had a 1.31-fold higher risk of elevated blood pressure ( OR =1.31, 95% CI =1.00-1.76, P <0.05). Restricted cubic spline results indicated a linear dose response relationship between DII scores and the risk of elevated blood pressure( P nonlinear =0.13). The mediation analysis revealed that BMI played a partial mediating role in the association between DII scores and elevated blood pressure. The mediation effect value was 0.06 (95% CI =0.04-0.08), accounting for 44.64% of the total effect. Conclusions DII scores are associated with elevated blood pressure among primary school students in Ma anshan City, and BMI plays a partial mediating role in this association. Promoting an anti inflammatory dietary pattern and weight control in early childhood should be emphasized to reduce the incidence of hypertension among primary school students.

Pasteurella multocida(Pm)type A is an important pathogen responsible for respiratory diseases,such as bovine pneumonia,which seriously restricts the development of cattle industry in China.Currently,the prevention of Pm infection-related diseases primarily relies on vaccination in production.However,the diverse Pm serotypes result in inadequate cross-immunological protection from vaccines.Therefore,it is of great significance to develop vaccines with cross-protection for the prevention and control of Pm infectious diseases.The previous studies conducted by our team have demonstrated that PmCQ2△cra exhibits a strong immune protective effect against Pm type A(PmA),Pm type B(PmB),and Pm type F(PmF).Transcriptomic sequencing results suggest that the cross-immunoprotective effect of PmCQ2△cra may be attributed to high expression levels of bacterial surface protective antigens.Consequently,four putative immune protective antigens,namely PmCQ2-5175,PmCQ2-6290,PmCQ2-0275 and PmCQ2-2640,were screened through bioin-formatics analysis in this study.Subunit vaccines formulated with these potential antigenic proteins exhibited protective efficacy of 62.5％,25％,12.5％and 10％against PmA-infected mice,respectively.Importantly,PmCQ2-5175,one of the most protective single-component antigen vac-cines,demonstrating a 75％cross-protection against PmB infection in mice.Furthermore,the pro-tective efficacy of the PmCQ2-5175 protein screened in this study was superior to that of the previ-ously reported Pm antigen protein plpE.Moreover,the fusion expression protein PmCQ2-5175-PLPE exhibited better protective effects against PmA compared to a single protein.The findings of this study will establish a theoretical foundation for the advancement of Pm subunit vaccines with broad-spectrum immune protection.

BACKGROUND:It has also been confirmed that ferroptosis is closely related to a variety of musculoskeletal diseases,such as rheumatoid arthritis,osteosarcoma,and osteoporosis.The pathophysiological mechanisms of ferroptosis and osteoporosis need to be further studied and elucidated to broaden our understanding of iron metabolism and osteoporosis.It will provide research ideas for the future elucidation of new mechanisms of osteoporosis and the development of new technologies and drugs for the treatment of osteoporosis. OBJECTIVE:To provide an overview of the current status of research on ferroptosis in osteoporosis,to provide a new direction for future research on the specific molecular mechanisms of osteoporosis,and to provide more effective and better options for osteoporosis treatment strategies. METHODS:The first author used the computer to search the literature published from 2000 to 2024 in CNKI,WanFang,VIP,and PubMed databases with search terms"ferroptosis,iron metabolism,osteoporosis,osteoblast,osteoclast,bone metabolism,signal pathway,musculoskeletal,review"in Chinese and English.A total of 68 articles were finally included according to the selection criteria. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)Ferroptosis is a new type of cell death discovered in recent years,which is usually accompanied by a large amount of iron accumulation and lipid peroxidation during cell death,and its occurrence is iron-dependent.This is distinctly different from several types of cell death that are currently being hotly studied(e.g.,cellular pyroptosis,necrotic apoptosis,cuproptosis,and autophagy).(2)Intracellular iron homeostasis is manifested as a balance between iron uptake,export,utilization,and storage.The body's iron regulatory system includes systemic and intracellular regulation.The main factor of systemic regulation is hepcidin produced by hepatic secretion,and cellular regulation depends on the iron regulatory protein/iron response element system.Of course,intracellular iron homeostasis can be controlled by other factors,such as hypoxia,cytokines,and hormones.(3)Lipid peroxidation causes oxidative damage to biological membranes(plasma membrane and internal organelle membranes),lipoproteins,and other lipid-containing molecules.Polyunsaturated fatty acid-containing phospholipids are important targets of lipid peroxidation.Free polyunsaturated fatty acid is an important substrate for lipid oxidation and can bind to the phospholipid bilayer,leading to over-oxidation and thus triggering lipid apoptosis.(4)Several studies have shown that osteoblasts are overloaded with iron in different ways,resulting in the accumulation of unstable ferrous iron and the generation of reactive oxygen species and lipid peroxides,causing ferroptosis of osteoblasts and ultimately a decrease in bone formation,affecting bone homeostasis and the development of osteoporosis.(5)Osteoclasts are large multinucleated cells formed by the fusion of mononuclear macrophage cell lines or bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells induced by nuclear factor-κB ligand receptor activator,and they have the function of bone resorption.Iron ions can promote osteoclast differentiation and bone resorption through the production of intracellular lipid reactive oxygen species,while iron chelators can inhibit osteoclast formation in vitro and thus affect the occurrence and development of osteoporosis.

Metachromatic leukodystrophy (MLD) is an inherited disease caused by a deficiency of the enzyme arylsulfatase A (ARSA). Lentivirus-modified autologous hematopoietic stem cell gene therapy (HSCGT) has recently been approved for clinical use in pre and early symptomatic children with MLD to increase ARSA activity. Unfortunately, this advanced therapy is not available for most patients with MLD who have progressed to more advanced symptomatic stages at diagnosis. Patients with late-onset juvenile MLD typically present with a slower neurological progression of symptoms and represent a significant burden to the economy and healthcare system, whereas those with early onset infantile MLD die within a few years of symptom onset. We conducted a pilot study to determine the safety and benefit of HSCGT in patients with postsymptomatic juvenile MLD and report preliminary results. The safety profile of HSCGT was favorable in this long-term follow-up over 9 years. The most common adverse events (AEs) within 2 months of HSCGT were related to busulfan conditioning, and all AEs resolved. No HSCGT-related AEs and no evidence of distorted hematopoietic differentiation during long-term follow-up for up to 9.6 years. Importantly, to date, patients have maintained remarkably improved ARSA activity with a stable disease state, including increased Functional Independence Measure (FIM) score and decreased magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) lesion score. This long-term follow-up pilot study suggests that HSCGT is safe and provides clinical benefit to patients with postsymptomatic juvenile MLD.
Humans ; Leukodystrophy, Metachromatic/genetics* ; Pilot Projects ; Genetic Therapy/methods* ; Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation ; Male ; Follow-Up Studies ; Female ; Lentivirus/genetics* ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Hematopoietic Stem Cells/metabolism* ; Cerebroside-Sulfatase/metabolism* ; Adolescent

Objective To investigate the changes in the levels of D-dimer(D-D),fibrin degradation product(FDP),thrombomodulin(TM),thrombin-antithrombin complex(TAT),tissue plasminogen activator-plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 complex(t-PAIC),and plasmin-alpha 2 plasmin inhibitor complex(PIC)during the treatment of patients with acute myeloid leukemia(AML)and their predictive value for efficacy and prognosis.Methods Thirty-one AML patients initially diagnosed at Guidong People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region from January 2022 to December 2024 were collected as observation group,and 34 healthy medical checkupers were selected as control group.The changes in the levels of the indicators between two groups as well as before,during and after the treatment of observation group were compared,and observation group was divided into remission group and non-remission group according to the efficacy criteria,and the levels of the indicators between two groups were further compared.Risk factors for the efficacy and prognosis of AML patients were analyzed by using Logistic regression analysis.Results Before treatment,the levels of prothrombin time(PT),activated partial thromboplastin time(APTT),D-D,FDP,t-PAIC,PIC,TM and TAT in observation group were significantly higher than those in control group(P＜0.05),whereas there was no significant difference in fibrinogen(Fib)compared with control group(P＞0.05).During the treatment,the levels of t-PAIC and TM in observation group were higher than those before treatment(P＜0.05);After treatment,the levels of PT,D-D,FDP,PIC and TAT in observation group were significantly lower than those before treatment(P＜0.05).After treatment,the levels of PT,D-D,FDP,t-PAIC,PIC,TM and TAT were all lower than those during treatment(P＜0.05).The D-D,FDP,t-PAIC,PIC,TAT and TM levels in non-remission group were all higher than those in remission group,with the t-PAIC and TM levels showing statistical significance(P＜0.05).Binary Logistic regression analysis showed that t-PAIC was an independent risk factor affecting the efficacy and prognosis of AML patients(P＜0.05,OR=1.205,95％CI:1.015-1.430).Conclusion Regular testing of D-D,FDP,TM,TAT,t-PAIC and PIC levels can help to assess the disease changes and efficacy prognosis of AML patients,and provide an important reference for clinical decision-making.

Objective To investigate the changes in the levels of D-dimer(D-D),fibrin degradation product(FDP),thrombomodulin(TM),thrombin-antithrombin complex(TAT),tissue plasminogen activator-plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 complex(t-PAIC),and plasmin-alpha 2 plasmin inhibitor complex(PIC)during the treatment of patients with acute myeloid leukemia(AML)and their predictive value for efficacy and prognosis.Methods Thirty-one AML patients initially diagnosed at Guidong People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region from January 2022 to December 2024 were collected as observation group,and 34 healthy medical checkupers were selected as control group.The changes in the levels of the indicators between two groups as well as before,during and after the treatment of observation group were compared,and observation group was divided into remission group and non-remission group according to the efficacy criteria,and the levels of the indicators between two groups were further compared.Risk factors for the efficacy and prognosis of AML patients were analyzed by using Logistic regression analysis.Results Before treatment,the levels of prothrombin time(PT),activated partial thromboplastin time(APTT),D-D,FDP,t-PAIC,PIC,TM and TAT in observation group were significantly higher than those in control group(P＜0.05),whereas there was no significant difference in fibrinogen(Fib)compared with control group(P＞0.05).During the treatment,the levels of t-PAIC and TM in observation group were higher than those before treatment(P＜0.05);After treatment,the levels of PT,D-D,FDP,PIC and TAT in observation group were significantly lower than those before treatment(P＜0.05).After treatment,the levels of PT,D-D,FDP,t-PAIC,PIC,TM and TAT were all lower than those during treatment(P＜0.05).The D-D,FDP,t-PAIC,PIC,TAT and TM levels in non-remission group were all higher than those in remission group,with the t-PAIC and TM levels showing statistical significance(P＜0.05).Binary Logistic regression analysis showed that t-PAIC was an independent risk factor affecting the efficacy and prognosis of AML patients(P＜0.05,OR=1.205,95％CI:1.015-1.430).Conclusion Regular testing of D-D,FDP,TM,TAT,t-PAIC and PIC levels can help to assess the disease changes and efficacy prognosis of AML patients,and provide an important reference for clinical decision-making.

Pasteurella multocida(Pm)type A is an important pathogen responsible for respiratory diseases,such as bovine pneumonia,which seriously restricts the development of cattle industry in China.Currently,the prevention of Pm infection-related diseases primarily relies on vaccination in production.However,the diverse Pm serotypes result in inadequate cross-immunological protection from vaccines.Therefore,it is of great significance to develop vaccines with cross-protection for the prevention and control of Pm infectious diseases.The previous studies conducted by our team have demonstrated that PmCQ2△cra exhibits a strong immune protective effect against Pm type A(PmA),Pm type B(PmB),and Pm type F(PmF).Transcriptomic sequencing results suggest that the cross-immunoprotective effect of PmCQ2△cra may be attributed to high expression levels of bacterial surface protective antigens.Consequently,four putative immune protective antigens,namely PmCQ2-5175,PmCQ2-6290,PmCQ2-0275 and PmCQ2-2640,were screened through bioin-formatics analysis in this study.Subunit vaccines formulated with these potential antigenic proteins exhibited protective efficacy of 62.5％,25％,12.5％and 10％against PmA-infected mice,respectively.Importantly,PmCQ2-5175,one of the most protective single-component antigen vac-cines,demonstrating a 75％cross-protection against PmB infection in mice.Furthermore,the pro-tective efficacy of the PmCQ2-5175 protein screened in this study was superior to that of the previ-ously reported Pm antigen protein plpE.Moreover,the fusion expression protein PmCQ2-5175-PLPE exhibited better protective effects against PmA compared to a single protein.The findings of this study will establish a theoretical foundation for the advancement of Pm subunit vaccines with broad-spectrum immune protection.

Pancreatic cancer is a highly malignant digestive system tumor with poor prognosis.Its incidence is closely related to the level of regional development.Epidemiology shows that with the progress of urbanization,the proportion of obese people in the world is increasing over the years.Meanwhile,obesity has also been found to be one of the risk factors for pancreatic cancer.However,the mechanism of obesity regulating pancreatic cancer is still unclear at present.Researches show that obese people with pancreatic cancers have different tumor pathological mechanisms and higher risk of surgical complications.Therefore,this article will review the potential transformation mechanism between microscopic pathological changes and clinical manifestations of obesity related pancreatic cancer.

Objective:To discuss the protective effect of velvet antler peptide(VAP)on the postmenopausal osteoporosis(PMOP)model rats,and to clarify its possible mechanism.Methods:A total of 60 twelve-week-old female SD rats were randomly divided into sham operation group,model group,alendronate sodium group(1 mg·kg 1·d-1 alendronate sodium administered via gavage),low dose of VAP group(100 mg·kg·d-1 VAP administered via gavage),medium dose of VAP group(200 mg·kg 1·d-1 VAP administered via gavage),and high dose of VAP group(300 mg·kg1·d-1 VAP administered via gavage),and there were 10 rats in each group.Except for the sham operation group,the rats in the other groups underwent bilateral ovariectomy to establish the PMOP rat models.Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry was used to detect the femur bone mineral density(BMD)of the rats in various groups;enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA)was used to detect the levels of serum calcium(Ca2+),serum phosphorus(P),bone alkaline phosphatase(BALP),and procollagen type Ⅰ N-terminal propeptide(PINP)of the rats in various groups;Kits were used to detect the activities of superoxide dismutase(SOD)and the levels of malondialdehyde(MDA)of the rats in various groups;HE staining was used to observe the pathomorphology of bone tissue of the rats in various groups;Western blotting method was used to detect the expression levels of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase(PI3K),phosphorylated PI3K(p-PI3K),protein kinase B(AKT),and phosphorylated AKT(p-AKT)proteins in bone tissue of the rats in various groups.Results:Compared with sham operation group,the BMD in femur of the rats in model group was decreased(P＜0.01);compared with model group,the BMD in femur of the rats in alendronate sodium group,medium dose of VAP group,and high dose of VAP group was increased(P＜0.05 or P＜0.01).Compared with sham operation group,the levels of Ca2+,P,BALP,PINP,and SOD activity in serum of the rats in model group were decreased(P＜0.05 or P＜0.01),and the MDA level was increased(P＜0.01);compared with model group,the level of P in serum of the rats in medium dose of VAP group was increased(P＜0.01),and the levels of Ca2+,P,BALP,PINP and the activities of SOD in serum of the rats in alendronate sodium group and high dose of VAP group were increased(P＜0.05 or P＜0.01),and the level of MDA in serum was decreased(P＜0.05).The HE staining results showed that compared with sham operation group,the bone trabeculae in bone tissue of the rats in model group were thin and fractured,and the medullary cavity was enlarged;compared with model group,the bone trabeculae in bone tissue of the rats in alendronate sodium group,medium dose of VAP group,and high dose of VAP group were thick and tightly arranged,and had more osteocytes.The Western blotting results showed that compared with sham operation group,the ratios of p-PI3K/PI3K and p-AKT/AKT in bone tissue of the rats in model group were decreased(P＜0.01);compared with model group,the ratios of p-PI3K/PI3K in bone tissue of rats in different doses of VAP groups were increased(P＜0.05 or P＜0.01),and the ratios of p-AKT/AKT of the rats in alendronate sodium group and high dose of VAP group was increased(P＜0.01).Conclusion:VAP can improve PMOP in the rats,and its mechanisms may be related to the regulation of the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway and the reduction of oxidative stress in bone tissue by VAP.

Objective:To analyze epidemiology of gastric cancer five-year survival distribution in Zhejiang population-based cancer registration.Methods:The follow-up data of registrated gastric cancer cases diagnosed from 2008 to 2019 in 22 national cancer registry areas of Zhejiang Province were collected and divided into three diagnostic periods: 2008-2011, 2012-2015 and 2016-2019 to calculate five-year observed survival rates (OSRs), five-year relative survival rates (RSRs) and five-year age-standardized relative survival rates (ARSRs). The distribution of population characteristics (including gender, urban/rural, age group and occupation) and clinical characteristics (including the highest diagnostic institution, sub-site, pathological type and degree of differentiation) of gastric cancer survival rates in each period were analysed.Results:51 663 new cases of gastric cancer in 2008-2019 in the cancer registration area of Zhejiang Province were included in the analysis, and the ARSR of gastric cancer in 2008-2011, 2012-2015 and 2016-2019 showed an increasing trend (39.2%, 41.3% and 44.7%, respectively). In 2016-2019, the ARSR was similar across gender and urban and rural areas (44.4% for men and 45.7% for women; 44.9% in urban areas and 44.2% in rural areas); Among people with different occupations, the ARSR was highest among business and service workers (55.3%), the agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry and fisheries, water conservancy production workers and domestic workers were lower (41.5% and 43.2%, respectively). The highest diagnostic institution was the provincial hospital with a higher gastric cancer survival rate (47.0%) than the municipal (43.4%) and district (43.6%) levels. The ARSR for gastric cancer was relatively high in the lesser curvature (59.7%), pylorus (50.4%), antrum (49.3%), and greater curvature (48.7%), and lowest in cardia (38.9%). Among the major pathological types, adenocarcinoma (NOS) had an ARSR of 48.1%, mucinous adenocarcinoma 41.3%, imprinted cell carcinoma 39.4%, and squamous carcinoma 33.4%. The ARSR for highly differentiated, moderately differentiated, poorly differentiated and undifferentiated gastric cancers were 80.6%, 57.9%, 43.2% and 36.8%, respectively.Conclusion:The 5-year survival rate of gastric cancer in Zhejiang Province is high and on the rise, with similar survival rates in different genders, urban and rural areas, and significant differences in the survival rates of gastric cancer patients with different occupational groups, highest diagnostic institutions, tumour sub-sites, pathological types and differentiation degrees.