Objective:Farfarae Flos has the effect of cough suppression and phlegm elimination,with cough suppression as the main function.Studies have revealed that certain components of Farfarae Flos may be related to its cough suppressant effect,and some components have been confirmed to have cough suppressant activity.However,the antitussive material basis of Farfarae Flos has not been systematically elucidated.This study aims to elucidate the group of active ingredients in Farfarae Flos with cough suppressant activity by correlating the high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC)fingerprint of Farfarae Flos extract with its cough suppressant activity. Methods:HPLC was used to establish the fingerprint profiles of 10 batches of Farfarae Flos extract and obtain their chemical composition data.Guinea pigs were selected as experimental animals and the citric acid-induced cough model was used to evaluate the antitussive efficacy data of 10 batches of Farfarae Flos extract.SPF-grade healthy male Hartley guinea pigs were randomly divided into the S1 to S10 groups,a positive control group,and a blank control group(12 groups in total),with 10 guinea pigs in each group.The S1 to S10 groups were respectively administered Farfarae Flos extract S1 to S10(4 g/kg),the positive control group was administered pentoverine citrate(10 mg/kg),and the blank control group was administered purified water.Each group received continuous oral administration for 5 days.The guinea pigs were placed in 5 L closed wide-mouth bottles,and 17.5%citric acid was sprayed into the bottle with an ultrasonic atomizer at the maximum spray intensity for 0.5 minutes.The cough latency period and cough frequency in 5 minutes were recorded for each guinea pig.Grey relational analysis(GRA)and partial least squares regression(PLSR)were used to conduct spectral-effect correlation analysis of the chemical composition data of Farfarae Flos extract and the antitussive efficacy data,and predict the group of active ingredients in Farfarae Flos with antitussive activity.The bioequivalence verification was conducted to verify the predicted group of active ingredients in Farfarae Flos with antitussive activity:SPF-grade healthy male Hartley guinea pigs were randomly divided into a S9 group,an active ingredient group,a positive control group,and a blank control group(4 groups in total),with 10 guinea pigs in each group.The S9 group was administered Farfarae Flos extract S9(4 g/kg),the active ingredient group was administered the predicted combination of antitussive active ingredients(dose equivalent to 4 g/kg of Farfarae Flos extract S9),the positive control group was administered pentoverine citrate(10 mg/kg),and the blank control group was administered purified water.Each group received continuous oral administration for 5 days,and animal modeling and observation of efficacy indicators were the same as above. Results:The HPLC fingerprint of 10 batches of Farfarae Flos extract was established,and the peak area data of 14 main common peaks were obtained.The antitussive effect data of 10 batches of Farfarae Flos extract were obtained.Compared with the blank control group,the cough latence in the positive control group and S1,S2,S3,S4,S6,S7,S8,S9,S10 groups was prolonged(all P<0.01),while the cough frequency in 5 minutes in the positive control group and S1,S2,S4,S6,S8,S9,S10 groups was decreased(all P<0.05).The analysis of spectrum-effect relationship revealed that isochlorogenic acid C,isochlorogenic acid A,chlorogenic acid,isochlorogenic acid B,isoquercitrin,and rutin had high contribution to the antitussive effect of Farfarae Flos,and the 6 components were predicted to be the antitussive component group of Farfarae Flos.The verification of bioequivalence showed that there were no statistically significant differences in the antitussive effect between the S9 group and the antitussive component composition group(all P>0.05),which confirmed that isochlorogenic acid C,isochlorogenic acid A,chlorogenic acid,isochlorogenic acid B,isoquercetin,and rutin were the antitussive component group of Farfarae Flos. Conclusion:The analysis of spectrum-effect relationship combined with the verification of bioequivalence could be used to study the antitussive material basis of Farfarae Flos.The antitussive effect of Farfarae Flos is the result of the joint action of many components.

Humans ; Asthma/drug therapy* ; Biological Therapy

Objective:To study the factors influencing survival after radical resection in patients with intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC), and to construct a nomogram on survival prediction.Methods:The clinical data of 139 patients with ICC who underwent radical resection at the People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University from June 2018 to December 2021 were retrospectively analyzed. There are 69 males and 70 females, aged (59.5±10.2) years old. These patients were divided into two groups based on a 3: 1 ratio by using the random number method: the test group ( n=104) and the validation group ( n=35). Data from the test group was used to construct a nomagram and data from the validation group was used to validate the predictive power of the nomagram. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses were used to analyse factors influencing survival on the test group patients and to construct a nomogram. The predictive accuracy of the nomogram was determined by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves, concordance index (C-index) and calibration curves. Results:The results of the multivariate regression analysis showed that a combined hemoglobin, albumin, lymphocyte and platelet immunoinflammation (HALP) score <37.1 ( HR=1.784, 95% CI: 1.047-3.040), CA19-9 > 35U/ml ( HR=2.352, 95% CI: 1.139-4.857), poorly differentiated tumor ( HR=2.475, 95% CI: 1.237-4.953) and vascular invasion ( HR=1.897, 95% CI: 1.110-3.244) were independent risk factors that affected prognosis of patients with ICC after radical resection (all P<0.05). The AUCs of the nomogram in the test group in predicting the overall survival at 1, 2 and 3 years of patients with ICC after radical resection were 0.808, 0.853 and 0.859, respectively. There was good consistency between the prediction of the nomogram and actual observation. The predicted C-index of the total survival period of the test group was 0.765 (95% CI: 0.704-0.826), and the C-index of the validation group was 0.759 (95% CI: 0.673-0.845). Conclusion:A HALP score <37.1, CA19-9>35 U/ml, poorly differentiated tumour and vascular invasion were independent risk factors for prognosis of ICC patients after radical resection. The nomogram was established based on the above factors and showed good performance in predicting overall survival after radical resection in patients with ICC.

Objective To investigate the value of phase-contrast magnetic resonance imaging (PC-MRI)in evaluating pulmonary artery blood flow and right ventricular(RV)function in elderly patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).Methods Twenty-four elderly patients with COPD admitted to Beijing Anzhen Hospital between February 2016 and June 2017 were enrolled in this retrospective study.Based on pulmonary artery pressure evaluated by right heart catheterization,COPD patients were divided into a pulmonary hypertension group (PH group,n =12)and a non-PH group(n=12).Pulmonary artery blood flow velocity and volume,pulmonary arterial compliance and right heart function parameters including ejection fraction,end diastolic volume,endsystolic volume and cardiac output,and 6-min walking distance evaluated by PC-MRI were compared between the two groups.Results There were significant differences in peak flow velocity[(88.1 ±16.0)cm/s vs.(59.8± 13.8) cm/s,P =0.005],flow volume [(80.7± 22.0) ml/s vs.(53.2± 26.7)ml/s,P=0.012],main pulmonary artery compliance[(42.3± 14.6)vs.(22.7± 10.8),P =0.001],right ventricular ejection fraction [(48.4 ± 13.4) ％ vs.(37.6 ± 11.1) ％,P =0.000],end-diastolic volume[(64.6±22.5)ml vs.(72.5±22.8)ml,P =0.030]and end-systolic volume[(50.6±33.1)ml vs.(41.7±33.1)ml,P =0.040]between the non-PH and PH groups,while there was no significant difference in cardiac output between the non-PH and PH groups[(34.2±10.8)ml vs.(34.4±8.3)ml,P =0.080].Pearson's correlation analysis showed that 6-minute walking distance had good correlations with right ventricular ejection fraction(r =0.49),forced expiratory volume in 1 s(FEV1)(r=0.60)and main pulmonary artery diameter(r=0.61).Conclusions PC-MRI is a noninvasive imaging method for quantitative analysis of pulmonary artery dynamics and right heart function for the elderly with COPD,and it can provide information for evaluating therapeutic effects and prognosis.

Objective To analyze the clinicopathological factors impacting on the prognosis of colorectal cancer liver metastases and to investigate how to improve patients' survival.Methods The clinical data of 103 patients who received radical resection for liver metastases from colorectal cancer from January 2005 to December 2011 were enrolled.The survival curve was drawn by Kaplan-Meier method,and the survival rates were analyzed by Log-rank test.Factors influencing survival were analyzed by Cox regression model.Results All patients were followed up from 10 to 60 months,The 1-,3-,5-year's survival rates were 90％,49％,39％,respectively.Univariate analysis revealed that number and size of liver metastases,distribution of liver metastases,serum CEA concentration,complications,postoperative chemotherapy were related to prognosis (x2 =24.732,9.461,9.568,25.948,25.370,5.701,P ＜ 0.05).Multivariate analysis identified number of liver metastases,serum CEA concentration,complications were as significant predictors of survival (Wald =7.974,12.051,11.547,P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions Number of liver metastases,serum CEA concentration,complication are important prognostic factors for liver metastases from colorectal cancer.Appropriate expansion of surgical indication,early diagnosis with intensive follow-up is crucial to increase the survival rate after hepatectomy for liver metastasis of coloractal carcinoma.

To explore the mechanism of the absorption enhancement of Angelica dahurica extract (Ade), the absorption mechanism of baicalin in the Scutcllaria water extraction as well as the effect of Angelica dahurica extract on absorption of baicalin were investigated. In order to determine the main absorption site, everted intestinal sac model was used to study the effect of Angelica dahurica extract on the absorption of baicalin at duodenum, jejunum, ileum and colon. In situ single pass intestinal perfusion model was performed to study the absorption of various concentrations of baicalin and the effect of Angelica dahurica extract on the absorption of baicalin at the main absorption site. To authenticate the consequence of perfusion by getting the blood from the hepatic portal vein and determine the concentration of the baicalin in the blood. The result showed that baicalin could be absorbed at all of the four intestinal segments with increasing absorption amount per unit as follows: ileum > colon > jejunum > duodenum. The absorption ofbaicalin in the duodenum significantly increased with Angelica dahurica extract, thus, duodenum was chosen to be the studying site. Apparent permeability values (Papp) and absorption rate constant (Ka) of baicalin in the duodenum increased gradually with higher concentrations. When the concentration of baicalin rises to a certain degree, the absorption increase had a saturable process, the absorption of baicalin may be an active transportation. Baicalin may be not a substrate of P-gp as verapamil which had not significantly affected the Papp and Ka of baicalin. The absorption of baicalin in the duodenum significantly increased (P < 0.01) in the two models with Angelica dahurica extract and the concentration of baicalin in the blood from the hepatic portal vein showed that the Angelica dahurica extract can increase the absorption of baicalin.

Objective To investigate the expression of oncogene C-erbB-2 and its significance in colorectal carcinoma. Methods Immunohistological EnVision staining was used to detect the expression of C-erbB-2 in 171 colorectal carcinoma, and 15 normal colorectal tissues were taken as controls. Results The positive percentages of C-erbB-2 in colorectal carcinoma and normal colorectal tissues were 23.4 % (40/171)and 0, which was significantly different (P ＜0.05). Only 5 samples showed strong positive expression (++ and +++) on epicyte, no relationship was found between C-erbB-2 expression and patients' gender, tumor differentiation, tumor stage, vascular and lymph node involvement, etc(P ＞0.05). The five year survival rate were 69.5 % (91/131) and 65.0 % (26/40) of C-erbB-2 negative and positive expression, the difference was not statistical (P ＞0.05). Conclusion There was on significant association between C-erbB-2 expression and clinicopathologic characteristics of colorectal carcinoma. C-erbB-2 did not present prognostic value in colorectal carcinoma.

Objective To detect the single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the upstream promoter region of chemokine like factor (CKLF) gene and analyze their possible associations with asthma and asthma-related phenotypes.Methods Direct Sequence of the 1553bp upstream promoter region of CKLF gene was performed in 245 Chinese Han human genomic DNAs (119 asthmatics and 126 controls).The frequencies of alleles, genotypes, and haplotypes were determined and the association of these SNPs with asthmawere further analyzed.Results Fournovel SNPs,SNP88 (T>C),SNPI96 (T>C),SNP568 (C> G) ,and SNP1047 (C > G) were found in the promoter region of CKLF.The frequency of rare allele was 0.168 (SNP88C), 0.168 (SNP196C), 0.352 (SNP568G) and 0.167 (SNP1047G), respectively.Haplotypes,their frequencies and the linkage disequilibrium coefficients between SNPs were constructed.Complete linkage disequilibrium (LDs) were observed between SNP88 and SNP196,SNP88 and SNP1047, as well as SNPI96 and SNP1047 ,respectively (D1 = 1.000,r2 = 1.000).SNP568 was in partial LD with the other three SNPs (r2 = 0.366).No association between asthma and the SNPs was observed.Conclusions Four SNPs in the regulatory region of CKLF in Chinese Han population were firstly identified.Although no significant correlation with asthma was revealed, the SNP and haplotype information is useful for other disease association studies in the future.

BACKGROUND: Lung cancer keeps the first place in malignant tumor death all along. It is quite necessary to clarify the situation and tendency change of residents' lung cancer death for formulating prevention and cure strategy.OBJECTIVE: To investigate the lung cancer death characteristics, death trend and result out potential life loss of the residents in urban areas of Xuzhou.DESIGN: A retrospective descriptive epidemiology study.SETTING: Center for Disease Prevention and Control of Xuzhou.PARTICIPANTS: Totally 3 890 cases died of lung cancer between 1990 and 2003 in the urban areas of Xuzhou city. METHODS: Residents' lung cancer death characteristics and potential life span loss situation with parameters of crude death rate, standardized death rate, age specific death rate and potential life span loss and other indexes of the residents in the urban areas of Xuzhou city in 1990 and 2003were described.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: ①Crude death rate of lung cancer;②Potential life span loss; ③Life lost rate.RESULTS: ①During 14 years period , 3 890 cases of lung cancer death happened ,which accounted for 27.43% of total cases of malignant tumor death; ② year average death rate was 28.31/100 thousand, standardized death rate was 24.88/100 thousand, residents' potential life span loss caused by lung cancer death accounted for 24 230 people per year③ life decreasing rate was 1.19/1 000, standardized life decreasing rate was 1.45/1 000, each case of lung cancer death resulted in potential life loss of 6.23 years; males' death rate was higher than females'(x2=575.70,P ＜ 0.01), the ratio of male to female was 2.31:1. Age specific death rate of male and female after 20 years of age increased in an exponential manner.CONCLUSION: Lung cancer is the most serious malignant tumor that threatens the life health of residents in urban areas of Xuzhou city; the potential life span loss caused by lung cancer is very big. The amount of carcinogenic substances exposed in environments is closely related to the occurrence of lung cancer; therefore, prevention and control of lung cancer should be performed actively.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the proportion of hemorrhagic colitis (HC) caused by Escherichia coli O157:H7 in bacterial diarrhea in Xuzhou city, Jiangsu province.

METHODSAll stool samples from patients with diarrhea were screened for O157 antigen, using Immuno-gold kits. Positive samples were cultured to detect the existence of pathogens. All of the HC patients confirmed by bacterial isolation and identification were investigated for clinical symptoms and laboratory tests.

RESULTSOf the diarrhea patients identified in Feng county in May, and in Tongshan county of Xuzhou city in June 2000, Jiangsu province 0.98% and 5.89% were caused by Escherichia coli O157:H7 respectively, confirmed by bacteriological isolation and identification of stool samples. At the early phase of hemorrhagic colitis, 18.5% patients had at least one abnormal clinical laboratory test results including protein in urea and increased BUN or creatinine that indicating the possibility of kidney damage. In 27 strains of E. coli O157:H7 isolated from those patients, 13 and 14 were identified as Shiga toxin producing and Shiga-toxin negative E. coli O157:H7 (Stx-positive or Stx-negative) respectively. By analysis of the two groups of patients divided by according to the nature of Shiga toxin, four of 13 patients of Stx-positive group showed positive urea protein. However only 1 of the 13 patients of Stx-negative group was urea protein positive. The decreased Platelets counts were observed in 6 of 13 patients with Stx-positive group, but only in 1 of 14 patients with stx-negative group. These differences were statistically significant.

CONCLUSIONHC patients caused by E. coli O157:H7 were commonly seen (up to 5.89%) in Xuzhou city, Jiangsu province. Early laboratory tests should be conducted for HC patients as early as possible in order to find early indictor of kidney failure which was critical for prevention of hemolytic uremic syndrome.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Diarrhea ; etiology ; Escherichia coli Infections ; etiology ; Escherichia coli O157 ; isolation & purification ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Male ; Middle Aged