Objective:To determine the prevalence and risk factors of constipation in Hangzhou urban areas by analyzing data from a recent epidemiological survey.Methods:From August 2022 to June 2023, a cross-sectional survey was conducted on 43 communities on eight streets in suburbs of Hangzhou, including Wangjiang, Sijiqing, Puyan, Changhe, Ziyang, Xiaoshanchengxiang, Zhuantang, and Banshan. Written questionnaires were filled out face to face by community doctors. The prevalence of constipation was investigated using a combination of the Bristol stool typing method and the Rome IV criteria. The risk factors for constipation were analyzed using multivariate logistic regression analysis.Results:The study cohort comprised 10,479 participants, 5551 of whom were male (53.0%) and 4928 female (47.0%). The overall prevalence of constipation was 10.6% (1107/10,479). The prevalence was 11.0% (613/5551) for male and 10.0% (494/4928) for female participants; this difference is not statistically significant ( P>0.05).There were no significant differences in the prevalence of constipation between different categories of body mass index ( P>0.05). The prevalence of constipation was highest in individuals aged 70 years and above, accounting for 15.4% (264/1717) of all cases. There were significant differences in the prevalence of constipation between different occupations, marital statuses, and educational levels ( P<0.001). Patients with hypertension or diabetes mellitus had a higher prevalence of constipation than those without these conditions, those who had been taking long-term medication had a higher prevalence of constipation than those who did not, parents of children with constipation had a higher prevalence of constipation than those with children who did not have constipation, and there were other significant differences in various variables ( P<0.001). Multivariate logistic regression analysis of modifiable factors revealed that eating less fruit (OR=1.284, 95%CI: 1.061–1.553, P=0.010), liking spicy and salty food (OR=1.234, 95%CI: 1.039–1.466, P=0.016), sleeping for too long (OR=1.644, 95%CI: 1.260–2.144, P<0.001), irregular sleep patterns (OR=1.370, 95%CI: 1.127–1.665, P=0.002) and minimal exercise (OR=1.388, 95% CI: 1.168–1.649, P<0.001) were all risk factors for constipation; whereas mix diets (OR=0.709,95%CI:0.608–0.826, P<0.001), meat diets (OR=0.604,95%CI: 0.495–0.736, P<0.001), moderate alcohol consumption (OR=0.659, 95% CI: 0.534–0.812, P<0.001), less or no drinking (OR=0.523, 95% CI: 0.428–0.638, P<0.001), and non-smoking (OR=0.819, 95%CI:0.674–0.995, P<0.001) protected against constipation. We found no association between dietary preferences and the risk of constipation (refined grains: OR=1.147, 95%CI:0.944–1.393, P=0.167; no specific preference: OR=0.935, 95%CI:0.783–1.117, P=0.459). The rate of agreement between self-evaluation of constipation by the respondents and objective criteria was higher for negatives (95.8%) than for positives (38.0%). Conclusion:The prevalence of constipation is relatively high in the urban population of Hangzhou. A good lifestyle and diet can significantly reduce its incidence. There should be more emphasis on preventive education, promotion of prevention of constipation, and advocacy for a healthy lifestyle.

Objective:To determine the prevalence and risk factors of constipation in Hangzhou urban areas by analyzing data from a recent epidemiological survey.Methods:From August 2022 to June 2023, a cross-sectional survey was conducted on 43 communities on eight streets in suburbs of Hangzhou, including Wangjiang, Sijiqing, Puyan, Changhe, Ziyang, Xiaoshanchengxiang, Zhuantang, and Banshan. Written questionnaires were filled out face to face by community doctors. The prevalence of constipation was investigated using a combination of the Bristol stool typing method and the Rome IV criteria. The risk factors for constipation were analyzed using multivariate logistic regression analysis.Results:The study cohort comprised 10,479 participants, 5551 of whom were male (53.0%) and 4928 female (47.0%). The overall prevalence of constipation was 10.6% (1107/10,479). The prevalence was 11.0% (613/5551) for male and 10.0% (494/4928) for female participants; this difference is not statistically significant ( P>0.05).There were no significant differences in the prevalence of constipation between different categories of body mass index ( P>0.05). The prevalence of constipation was highest in individuals aged 70 years and above, accounting for 15.4% (264/1717) of all cases. There were significant differences in the prevalence of constipation between different occupations, marital statuses, and educational levels ( P<0.001). Patients with hypertension or diabetes mellitus had a higher prevalence of constipation than those without these conditions, those who had been taking long-term medication had a higher prevalence of constipation than those who did not, parents of children with constipation had a higher prevalence of constipation than those with children who did not have constipation, and there were other significant differences in various variables ( P<0.001). Multivariate logistic regression analysis of modifiable factors revealed that eating less fruit (OR=1.284, 95%CI: 1.061–1.553, P=0.010), liking spicy and salty food (OR=1.234, 95%CI: 1.039–1.466, P=0.016), sleeping for too long (OR=1.644, 95%CI: 1.260–2.144, P<0.001), irregular sleep patterns (OR=1.370, 95%CI: 1.127–1.665, P=0.002) and minimal exercise (OR=1.388, 95% CI: 1.168–1.649, P<0.001) were all risk factors for constipation; whereas mix diets (OR=0.709,95%CI:0.608–0.826, P<0.001), meat diets (OR=0.604,95%CI: 0.495–0.736, P<0.001), moderate alcohol consumption (OR=0.659, 95% CI: 0.534–0.812, P<0.001), less or no drinking (OR=0.523, 95% CI: 0.428–0.638, P<0.001), and non-smoking (OR=0.819, 95%CI:0.674–0.995, P<0.001) protected against constipation. We found no association between dietary preferences and the risk of constipation (refined grains: OR=1.147, 95%CI:0.944–1.393, P=0.167; no specific preference: OR=0.935, 95%CI:0.783–1.117, P=0.459). The rate of agreement between self-evaluation of constipation by the respondents and objective criteria was higher for negatives (95.8%) than for positives (38.0%). Conclusion:The prevalence of constipation is relatively high in the urban population of Hangzhou. A good lifestyle and diet can significantly reduce its incidence. There should be more emphasis on preventive education, promotion of prevention of constipation, and advocacy for a healthy lifestyle.

Objective:To study the anti-tumor efficacy of endostar microbubble combined with focused ultrasound radiation in colon cancer liver metastases.Method:29 mice with colon cancer liver metastasis were randomly divided into four groups. Group 1(8 mice), as the control group. Group 2(7 mice) were treated only with ultrasonic radiation. Group 3 (7 mice) treated with the ultrasonic radiation combined with SonoVue microbubbles without carrying any medicine. Group 4(7 mice), treated with the ultrasonic radiation combined with microbubbles carrying endostar. The mice were sacrificed and the tumor specimens were weighted on the 12 days after ultrasound radiation. Immunohistochemistry was used to assess CD34 expression within the metastatic tumor.Results:The tumor weight in group 4 (0.79±0.49)g was significantly lower than that in group 1 (2.67±0.61)g, group 2 (2.60±0.60)g and group 3 (1.74±0.33)g ( F=20.629, P<0.01). The liver metastatic tumor weight in group 4(0.55±0.16) g was much lower than that in group 1 (1.47±0.22)g, group 2(1.42±0.28) g and group 3 (0.95±0.27)g ( F=23.758, P<0.01). There was no obvious difference among the four groups in the number of nodules of metastatic tumor in liver ( F=0.167, P=0.918). The level of CD34 in group 4 were (8 037±1 708) , significantly lower than that in any other group, ( F=15.779, P<0.01). Conclusion:Endostar microbubble combined with focused ultrasound radiation decreases tumor angiogenesis in liver metastasis, and inhibits the growth of both primary and metastatic tumor.

Objective: To analyze the application of accelerated rehabilitation surgery in elderly patients with gastric cancer surgery and its influence on inflammation and nutritional indicators. Methods: From October 2017 to October 2018, 80 elderly patients with gastric cancer who underwent gastrectomy in Shaoxing People's Hospital were selected.According to random number table method, they were randomly divided into traditional control group and ERAS group, with 40 cases in each group.The traditional control group was treated by traditional perioperative treatment + operation, while ERAS group was treated with ERAS perioperative treatment + operation.The recovery and complications, inflammation and nutritional changes before operation, 1 day after operation and 3 days after operation, and the improvement of quality of life after operation were compared and analyzed between the two groups. Results: In the ERAS group, the first exhaust time[(2.3±0.8)d] and defecation time[(2.5±0.4)d]were shorter than those in the traditional control group[(3.5±0.5)d and (3.7±0.6)d], and the incidence rate of complications (7.5%) was lower than that in the traditional control group (35.0%), the differences were statistically significant (t=8.72, 10.52, χ²=9.04, all P<0.05). On the first day after operation, the serum levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin-6(IL-6) in the ERAS group were (28.3±4.9)μg/L and (23.1±5.8)μg/L, respectively, which were lower than those in the traditional control group[(39.8±6.7)μg/L and (34.5±8.1)μg/L](t=8.76, 7.24, all P<0.05). The serum TNF-α and IL-6 levels in the ERAS group on the 3rd day after operation were (18.4±6.2)μg/L and (18.3±3.2)μg/L, respectively, which were lower than those in the traditional control group[(26.2±5.1)μg/L and (26.5±4.8)μg/L](t=6.14, 8.99, all P<0.05). The serum levels of albumin (Alb) and prealbumin (PRE) in the ERAS group on the first day after operation were (31.1±0.7)g/L and (161.3±7.2) mg/L, respectively, which were lower than those in the traditional control group[(30.2±0.9)g/L and (154.3±4.8)mg/L](t=4.99, 5.12, all P<0.05). The serum levels of Alb and PRE in the ERAS group on the 3rd day after operation were (33.4±0.5)g/L and (172.1±5.0)mg/L, respectively, which were lower than those in the traditional control group[(31.9±0.8)g/L and (165.3±3.2)mg/L](t=10.06, 7.24, all P<0.05). The WHOQOL-BREF score of the ERAS group[(91.4±6.5)points]was higher than that of the traditional control group[(80.3±7.8)points](P<0.05). Conclusion Accelerated rehabilitation surgery has good effect for elderly gastric cancer surgery.It can maintain the inflammation and nutritional status of patients after operation.It is worthy of clinical reference.

OBJECTIVETo explore the impact of neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) knockdown by NGAL siRNA encapsulated with urocanic acid-modified chitosan nanoparticles (UAC) on the proliferation, migration and apoptosis of human colon cancer cells.

METHODSNGAL siRNA was encapsulated by UAC and chitosan (CTS) respectively, and then was transfected into human colon cancer cell lines HT29. The NGAL mRNA was detected by real-time quantitative PCR (RT-QPCR). Relationships of NGAL gene silencing with the proliferation, migration and apoptosis of HT29 cell were analyzed.

RESULTSUnder the fluorescence microscope, the transfection efficiency of siRNA in UAC group was (37.52±7.17)%, which was significantly higher than (11.32±3.39)% in CTS group (t=6.102, P=0.005). Forty-eight hours after transfection, RT-QPCR examination showed that the level of NGAL mRNA expression was 0.350 in UAC group and 0.529 in CTS group with significant difference (t=-3.743, P=0.02), meanwhile both levels were significantly lower as compared to control group(F=163.538, P<0.001). Proliferation analysis revealed that after silencing NGAL gene, proliferation rate of UAC group and CTS group was slightly lower than control group, and no significant differences were found (F=9.520, P=0.438). However, migration assay demonstrated that the 24-hour migration rate of UAC group and CTS group was significantly lower than that of control group (F=6.756, P=0.029), meanwhile the migration rate of UAC group was slightly lower than that of CTS group [(77.90±7.14)% vs. (87.67±3.98)%, t=-1.704, P=0.164]. Apoptosis detection revealed that the apoptosis rate in UAC group was significantly higher than that in CTS group and the control group 2 days after transfection [(15.800±1.054)% vs. (12.900±0.656)%, (11.933±1.914)%, F=7.004, P=0.027].

CONCLUSIONSThe encapsulated ability and transfection efficiency of chitosan modified by urocanic acid elevate significantly. Silencing NGAL gene by UAC carrier can down-regulate the expression of NGAL mRNA in HT29 colon cell line, inhibit their migration and facilitate their apoptosis.

Objective To explore the effect of NGAL knockdown by NGAL siRNA encapsulated with urocanic acid-modified chitosan nanoparticles (UAC).MethodsNGAL siRNA encapsulated by UAC and chitosan (CTS) respectively, which were then used to transfect human colon cancer cell lines HT29.The expression level of NGAL protein were detected by Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay(ELISA).ResultsThe ELISA study revealed that the expression level of NGAL protein in UAC group(average 0.583μg/L) was significantly lower than in CTS group (average 0.772μg/L) and control group(average 1.071μg/L) (P<0.05).ConclusionThe NGAL expression of mRNA and protein in HT29 cells could be down-regulated by siRNA encapsulated by UAC.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the expression of prostaglandin transporter (PGT) in colorectal cancer (CRC) tissues and its relationship with clinicopathological features.

METHODSThe mRNA and protein levels of PGT were determined by real-time PCR, Western blot and immunohistochemical methods in cancer tissues and adjacent normal tissue from 80 patients with colorectal cancer and their relationship with clinicopathological features was analyzed.

RESULTSCompared with the adjacent normal tissue of colorectal cancer, the PGT mRNA relative expression (0.57 ± 0.33 vs. 2.33 ± 1.20) and the PGT protein expression in cancer tissues decreased significantly [PGT/GAPDH 0.45 ± 0.16 vs. 0.78 ± 0.23, integral A 718.7 ± 359.4 vs. 10412.0 ± 6423.3, average A 0.03 ± 0.01 vs. 0.12 ± 0.09, all P<0.01]. Lower mRNA and protein expressions of PGT in colorectal cancer were associated with depth of invasion T3 to T4 and TNM stage III( to IIII( (P<0.01), while not associated with gender, age, tumor location and differentiation degree (all P>0.05).

CONCLUSIONExpression levels of PGT mRNA and protein in colorectal cancer tissue are significantly down-regulation. PGT expression is associated with invasion depth and late stages.

OBJECTIVETo elucidate the mechanism of curcumin in radiotherapy sensitization for colorectal cancer cells.

METHODSColorectal cancer HT-29 cells were cultured and treated with radiation and curcumin. MTT method was used to detect the cell growth inhibition. Then the high-throughput microarray was used to detect the differences in gene expression levels for each test group to identify differentially expressed genes, and each differential gene was validated by Western blotting.

RESULTSCell growth inhibition rates at 48-hour and 72-hour in curcumin combined with radiotherapy group were significantly higher than those in simple radiotherapy group (P<0.05). Expression of 95 genes associated with gene-injury repair was detected by microarray. Compared to simple radiotherapy group, LIG4 and PNKP expression was down-regulated, and XRCC5 and CCNH expression was up-regulated in the curcumin combined with radiotherapy group (all P<0.05). Western blotting revealed LIG4 and PNKP protein expression decreased, and XRCC5 and CCNH protein expression increased in the curcumin combined with radiotherapy group as compared to the simple radiotherapy group (all P<0.05).

CONCLUSIONRadiation sensitization effect of curcumin on colorectal cancer cells HT-29 may be associated with the regulation of genes of CCNH, LIG4, XRCC5, PNKP.

Objective To investigate the expression of prostaglandin transporter (PGT) in colorectal cancer (CRC) tissues and its relationship with clinicopathological features. Methods The mRNA and protein levels of PGT were determined by real-time PCR , Western blot and immunohistochemical methods in cancer tissues and adjacent normal tissue from 80 patients with colorectal cancer and their relationship with clinicopathological features was analyzed. Results Compared with the adjacent normal tissue of colorectal cancer , the PGT mRNA relative expression (0.57 ±0.33 vs. 2.33 ±1.20) and the PGT protein expression in cancer tissues decreased significantly [PGT/GAPDH 0.45 ±0.16 vs. 0.78 ±0.23, integral A 718.7 ±359.4 vs. 10412.0 ±6423.3, average A 0.03 ±0.01 vs. 0.12 ±0.09, all P<0.01]. Lower mRNA and protein expressions of PGT in colorectal cancer were associated with depth of invasion T3 to T4 and TNM stage Ⅲ to Ⅳ (P<0.01), while not associated with gender, age, tumor location and differentiation degree (all P>0.05). Conclusion Expression levels of PGT mRNA and protein in colorectal cancer tissue are significantly down-regulation. PGT expression is associated with invasion depth and late stages.

Objective To elucidate the mechanism of curcumin in radiotherapy sensitization for colorectal cancer cells. Methods Colorectal cancer HT-29 cells were cultured and treated with radiation and curcumin. MTT method was used to detect the cell growth inhibition. Then the high-throughput microarray was used to detect the differences in gene expression levels for each test group to identify differentially expressed genes, and each differential gene was validated by Western blotting. Results Cell growth inhibition rates at 48-hour and 72-hour in curcumin combined with radiotherapy group were significantly higher than those in simple radiotherapy group (P<0.05). Expression of 95 genes associated with gene-injury repair was detected by microarray. Compared to simple radiotherapy group, LIG4 and PNKP expression was down-regulated, and XRCC5 and CCNH expression was up-regulated in the curcumin combined with radiotherapy group (all P<0.05). Western blotting revealed LIG4 and PNKP protein expression decreased, and XRCC5 and CCNH protein expression increased in the curcumin combined with radiotherapy group as compared to the simple radiotherapy group (all P<0.05). Conclusion Radiation sensitization effect of curcumin on colorectal cancer cells HT-29 may be associated with the regulation of genes of CCNH, LIG4, XRCC5, PNKP.