Objective To investigate risk factors for the occurrence of an outbreak of surgical site infection(SSI)in the orthopedic department of a hospital.Methods Patients with SSI in the orthopedic department of a hospital in June-July 2017 were investigated,and the high-risk factors for infection were analyzed through case-control study.Specimens were taken from patients,health care workers(HCWs),environment and surgical devices for microbial detection.The homology between patients'and environmental isolates was analyze by pulsed-field gel electrophore-sis(PFGE).Results Staphylococcus aureus(S.aureus)were isolated from nasal secretion of four HCWs,including one doctor(D1)who was also isolated S.aureus from his forehead and hands.PFGE analysis found that S.aureus isolated from incision secretion of 2 patients were homologous to S.aureus isolated from the nasal cavity,forehead,and hands of doctor D1.Several targeted comprehensive infection control measures were implemented,including suspending sterile manipulation(such as surgery and dressing changes)of doctor D1;decolonization for all HCWs(including doctor D1)who carried S.aureus,requiring doctor D1 regularly trim nasal hair;strengthening the edu-cation and supervision of sterile manipulation and hand hygiene;implementing centralized isolation for SSI patients,et al.After timely implementation of the above comprehensive intervention measures,this SSI outbreak was effec-tively controlled in a short period of time.Conclusion Colonization of S.aureus in surgeons may lead to SSI in pa-tients,regular active screening and decolonization of surgeons involved in specific surgeries can be considered,and if necessary,nasal colonized people with dense nasal hair are required to regularly trim their nasal hair to reduce the occurrence of SSI.

Objective To investigate risk factors for the occurrence of an outbreak of surgical site infection(SSI)in the orthopedic department of a hospital.Methods Patients with SSI in the orthopedic department of a hospital in June-July 2017 were investigated,and the high-risk factors for infection were analyzed through case-control study.Specimens were taken from patients,health care workers(HCWs),environment and surgical devices for microbial detection.The homology between patients'and environmental isolates was analyze by pulsed-field gel electrophore-sis(PFGE).Results Staphylococcus aureus(S.aureus)were isolated from nasal secretion of four HCWs,including one doctor(D1)who was also isolated S.aureus from his forehead and hands.PFGE analysis found that S.aureus isolated from incision secretion of 2 patients were homologous to S.aureus isolated from the nasal cavity,forehead,and hands of doctor D1.Several targeted comprehensive infection control measures were implemented,including suspending sterile manipulation(such as surgery and dressing changes)of doctor D1;decolonization for all HCWs(including doctor D1)who carried S.aureus,requiring doctor D1 regularly trim nasal hair;strengthening the edu-cation and supervision of sterile manipulation and hand hygiene;implementing centralized isolation for SSI patients,et al.After timely implementation of the above comprehensive intervention measures,this SSI outbreak was effec-tively controlled in a short period of time.Conclusion Colonization of S.aureus in surgeons may lead to SSI in pa-tients,regular active screening and decolonization of surgeons involved in specific surgeries can be considered,and if necessary,nasal colonized people with dense nasal hair are required to regularly trim their nasal hair to reduce the occurrence of SSI.

Autophagy extensively exists in eukaryotes, which utilizes lysosomes to degrade the damaged organelles or proteins, maintain the stability of the intracellular environment and provide energy. It can also participate in the growth, proliferation and apoptosis of tumor cells through autophagy-related genes and signaling pathways. Radiotherapy is one of the main treatments for cancer, whereas tumor cells often have radiation resistance, which reduces the clinical efficacy. Previous studies have demonstrated that autophagy is associated with the radiosensitivity of tumor cells, but the conclusions are different. In this article, different effects of autophagy upon the radiosensitity of tumor cells were reviewed.

Objective To compare the difference in ischemic heart disease (IHD) incidence between left and right breast cancer treated with post-op radiation therapy.Methods We retrospectively reviewed electronic database of breast cancer patients treated in our cancer center from October 2006 to December 2011.Clinical data were recorded including clinical features,radiation fraction,and IHD.Statistical analysis was performed to compare the difference in IHD incidence between left and right breast cancer.Results Age on diagnosis was significantly associated with IHD (P ＜ 0.05).Compare to younger patients (≤60),the increased hazard ratio of IHD in older patients (＞60) was 3.84.The left breast cancer patients had greater incidence of IHD with the increased hazard ratio of 1.57 although this difference did not reach statistical power (P ＞ 0.05).No patients got IHD in the intensity-modulated radiation therapy group.Conclusions Left-side breast cancer patients may have more probability to get IHD after thoracic radiation therapy compared to right-side patients.We recommend that left-side breast cancer patients should be treated with intensity-modulated radiation therapy to spare heart if they receive prophylactic radiation therapy after surgery.