Diabetic nephropathy （DN） is one of the most common and severe microvascular complications of diabetes， with a complex pathogenesis involving immune inflammatory responses， oxidative stress， apoptosis， glomerulosclerosis， renal interstitial fibrosis， and other pathological processes. In recent years， numerous animal or cell model experiments have revealed that the transforming growth factor-β （TGF-β）/mothers against decapentaplegic homolog （Smad）， phosphoinositide 3-kinase （PI3K）/ protein kinase B （Akt）/mammalian target of rapamycin （mTOR）， mitogen-activated protein kinase （MAPK）， AMP-activated protein kinase （AMPK）， nuclear factor-κB （NF-κB）， Janus kinase （JAK）/signal transducer and activator of transcription （STAT）， neurogenic locus notch homolog protein （Notch）， nuclear factor E₂-related factor 2 （Nrf2）， secretory glycoprotein （Wnt）/β-catenin， and other classical signaling pathways play important roles in the occurrence and development of DN. Traditional Chinese medicines， as natural drugs， possess characteristics such as multiple components， multiple targets， and few adverse reactions， demonstrating unique advantages in regulating the aforementioned signaling pathways and improving renal pathological changes. This review summarized recent research progress on the intervention of DN through the regulation of the aforementioned signaling pathways by single compounds and formulas of traditional Chinese medicine， focusing on their mechanisms of action in regulating immune inflammatory responses， inhibiting renal fibrosis， oxidative stress， improving metabolic disorders， and other aspects. The aim is to provide theoretical references for a deeper understanding of the modern pharmacological basis and clinical application of traditional Chinese medicine in the treatment of DN.

Objective To compare the short-term outcomes of single-port video-assisted thoracoscopic(VATS)pulmonary surgery using a chest-wall-muscle-sparing incision versus a standard incision.Methods A total of 215 patients undergoing single-port video-assisted thoracoscopic lung surgery in the Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery,The First Hospital of Anhui University of Science&Technology from February 2024 to May 2025 were recruited in this clinical observation.Clinical data were retrospectively analyzed.The patients were divided into a chest wall muscle sparing incision group and a chest wall standard incision group.Short-term prognoses of the two groups were compared.Results A total of 180 patients was included:80 in the chest wall muscle sparing incision group and 100 in the chest wall standard incision group.The two groups had similar baseline characteristics,includ-ing body-mass index(23.86±3.70 vs.23.45±3.20 kg/m2;P>0.05).All procedures were completed successfully without perioperative mortality,conversion to thoracotomy,or extension of the incision.The standard incision group had 4 latissimus dorsi injuries and 5 patients with shoulder joint dysfunction on the 30th day after discharge,charac-terized by chest wall muscle tightness accompanied by chest pain and limited upper limb mobility(P<0.05).Although skin-to-skin incision time was slightly longer in the muscle-sparing group(P=0.06),pain scores at every assessed time point were significantly lower(P<0.05),and no patient developed shoulder dysfunction.No significant differences were observed in incisional fat-liquefaction rate,incision length,operative time,blood loss,or chest-tube duration(P>0.05).Conclusion The chest wall muscle sparing incision in single-port video-assisted thoracoscopic lung surgery not only preserves the latissimus dorsi and serratus anterior muscles,significantly reduces postoperative incision pain,and minimizes chest wall muscles and shoulder dysfunction,exhibiting clear minimally invasive advantages in single-port VATS lung surgery.

Objective To compare the short-term outcomes of single-port video-assisted thoracoscopic(VATS)pulmonary surgery using a chest-wall-muscle-sparing incision versus a standard incision.Methods A total of 215 patients undergoing single-port video-assisted thoracoscopic lung surgery in the Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery,The First Hospital of Anhui University of Science&Technology from February 2024 to May 2025 were recruited in this clinical observation.Clinical data were retrospectively analyzed.The patients were divided into a chest wall muscle sparing incision group and a chest wall standard incision group.Short-term prognoses of the two groups were compared.Results A total of 180 patients was included:80 in the chest wall muscle sparing incision group and 100 in the chest wall standard incision group.The two groups had similar baseline characteristics,includ-ing body-mass index(23.86±3.70 vs.23.45±3.20 kg/m2;P>0.05).All procedures were completed successfully without perioperative mortality,conversion to thoracotomy,or extension of the incision.The standard incision group had 4 latissimus dorsi injuries and 5 patients with shoulder joint dysfunction on the 30th day after discharge,charac-terized by chest wall muscle tightness accompanied by chest pain and limited upper limb mobility(P<0.05).Although skin-to-skin incision time was slightly longer in the muscle-sparing group(P=0.06),pain scores at every assessed time point were significantly lower(P<0.05),and no patient developed shoulder dysfunction.No significant differences were observed in incisional fat-liquefaction rate,incision length,operative time,blood loss,or chest-tube duration(P>0.05).Conclusion The chest wall muscle sparing incision in single-port video-assisted thoracoscopic lung surgery not only preserves the latissimus dorsi and serratus anterior muscles,significantly reduces postoperative incision pain,and minimizes chest wall muscles and shoulder dysfunction,exhibiting clear minimally invasive advantages in single-port VATS lung surgery.

ObjectiveExploring the role of microRNA126 （miRNA126） in chronic kidney disease combined with atherosclerosis （CKD AS） by regulating the phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase （PI3K）/protein kinase B （Akt）/mammalian target of rapamycin （mTOR） signaling pathway and the mechanism of Shenshuai Xiezhuo decoction in the intervention of CKD AS rats with 5/6 nephrectomy combined with high-fat feeding. MethodA total of 60 SD rats were randomly divided into sham operation group， model group， losartan group， and low， medium， and high dose groups of Shenshuai Xiezhuo decoction. The CKD AS rat model was established by 5/6 nephrectomy combined with high-fat feeding for 10 weeks. The low， medium， and high dose groups （6.0， 12.0， 24.0 g·kg^-1·d^-1） of Shenshuai Xiezhuo decoction and the losartan group （20 mg·kg^-1·d^-1） were gavaged， and the corresponding intervention was carried out for eight weeks. Then， the rats were killed， and samples were collected for corresponding detection. Fully automated biochemical analyzers were used to detect kidney function and blood lipids in rats： blood creatinine （SCr）， blood urea nitrogen （BUN）， total cholesterol （TC）， triglyceride （TG）， and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol （LDL-C） levels. Hematoxylin-eosin （HE） and Masson staining of aortic tissue and pathological observation under a light microscope were carried out， and autophagosomes and autophagy lysosomes were observed by transmission electron microscopy. Real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction （Real-time PCR） was used to determine the mRNA levels of miRNA126， PI3K， Akt， and mTOR in rats， and Western blot was used to determine the protein expression levels of phosphorylated （p）-PI3K， PI3K， p-Akt， Akt， p -mTOR， mTOR， benzyl chloride 1 （Beclin-1）， and microtubule-associated protein light chain 3Ⅱ/Ⅰ （LC3Ⅱ/LC3Ⅰ）. ResultCompared with the sham operation group， the serum SCr， BUN， TC， TG， and LDL-C in the model group were significantly increased （P<0.01）. Compared with the model group， the SCr， BUN， TC， TG， and LDL-C were decreased in the losartan group and low， medium， and high dose groups of Shenshuai Xiezhuo decoction （P<0.05）. Compared with the sham operation group， thickening plaques， infiltration of mononuclear macrophages， a small number of foam cells， disordered arrangement of smooth muscle fibers in the tunica media， and increased collagen fibers were observed in the model group， and the lesions in the losartan group and Shenshuai Xiezhuo decoction groups were alleviated compared with those in the model group. Compared with the model group， the number of autophagosomes and autophagy lysosomes increased in the medium and high dose groups of Shenshuai Xiezhuo decoction. Compared with the sham operation group， the expression of miRNA126 in the aortic tissue of the model group was significantly decreased （P<0.01）， and the mRNA expressions of PI3K， Akt， and mTOR were significantly increased （P<0.01）. Compared with the model group， the expression of miRNA126 in the aortic tissue of rats in high， medium， and low dose groups of Shenshuai Xiezhuo decoction and losartan group was significantly increased （P<0.01）， while the mRNA expressions of PI3K， Akt， and mTOR were significantly decreased （P<0.01）. Compared with the sham operation group， the protein expressions of p-PI3K， PI3K， p-Akt， Akt， p-mTOR， and mTOR in the model group were significantly increased （P<0.01）， while the protein levels of Beclin-1， LC3Ⅰ， and LC3Ⅱ were significantly decreased （P<0.01）. Compared with the model group， the protein expressions of p-PI3K， PI3K， p-Akt， Akt， p-mTOR， and mTOR in the losartan group and low， medium， and high dose groups of Shenshuai Xiezhuo decoction were decreased （P<0.05）， while the protein levels of Beclin-1 and LC3Ⅱ/LC3Ⅰ were increased （P<0.05）. ConclusionThe expression of miRNA126 is decreased in the aortic tissue of CKD AS rats， and the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway is activated to inhibit autophagy flux. Shenshuai Xiezhuo decoction regulates the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway through miRNA126， restores the autophagy of aortic endothelial cells， protects the damage of CKD vessels， reduces the formation of As plaques， and slows the development of cardiovascular complications.

Posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) injury is common in sports medicine. Arthroscopic reconstruction of PCL has become a routine procedure to stabilize the knee joint after PCL injury. The location of tibial tunnel during operation is crucial to a successful surgery. This article reviews the current studies on transtibial PCL reconstruction from the aspects of the anatomy related to the tibial tunnel, the anteromedial and anterolateral tibial tunnels, the maximum angle and optimal angle of tibial tunnel, and the anatomical and non-anatomical tibial tunnels, hoping to provide helpful references for the treatment of PCL injury.

Biliary atresia is a disease characterized by progressive inflammation and fibrosis of intrahepatic and extrahepatic bile ducts, which is an important cause of persistent jaundice in infants, Without timely treatment, it can develop rapidly into cirrhosis, and the child will die of liver failure. Therefore, the early diagnosis of biliary atresia is particularly important. The diagnosis of biliary atresia mainly depends on intraoperative cholangiography and liver biopsy, but they have the disadvantages including invasion, complex operation and many complications, which is not conducive to the early diagnosis of biliary atresia. In comparison, some non-invasive examination methods such as laboratory examination and imaging examination have obvious advantages. In this paper, the value of various diagnostic methods of biliary atresia is analyzed, which provides new ideas for its early diagnosis.

Objective To understand the cognitive and behavioral characteristics of AIDS between male-male in college students, and to provide evidence for the prevention and control strategies. Methods Using cluster random sampling method, the questionnaire survey including basic situation, the perception of HIV/AIDS of male male actors, sexual behavior and condom use and HIV/AIDS counseling detection, was used to investigate in male students of 8 universities at Beijing fangshan distric. Results A total of 2444 male college students were surveyed, 138 cases with male-male behavior were detected, and the detection rate was 5.65％. The detection rate (18.31％) of the junior college students was statistically higher than that of first-year college students (4.28％) and sophomores (6.52％, P<0.017). The awareness rates of four relevant knowledge about HIV/AIDS for 138 students were 25.36％, 15.22％, 9.42％and 13.77％respectively. The 44.93％male-male in college students had first sexual intercourse were younger than 18 years old. The proportion of students with first time male-male behavior and age <18 years was higher in the first-year college students (58.9％) than that of sophomores and junior college students (30.77％, 26.92％). The incidence rate of bisexuality was 43.48％ in male-male behavior, and 73.91％ was polysexual partners. The correct usage rate of condom was 31.16％. AIDS counseling detection rate was 27.54％. Conclusion The detection rate is higher in students with male-male behavior, and the awareness rate of AIDS-related knowledge is lower. A variety of high risk sexual behaviors are prevalent, so it is necessary to strengthen HIV/AIDS education and HIV/AIDS related knowledge for college students.

Acute Disease ; Adolescent ; Adult ; Ethylene Dichlorides ; poisoning ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neurotoxicity Syndromes ; diagnostic imaging ; etiology ; Tomography, Spiral Computed ; methods ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo investigate the neuroprotective effects and mechanism of hyperin on CoCl2-induced hypoxic/ischemic PC12 cells.

METHODCoCl2 was used to treat rat pheochromocytoma cell line (PC12) to investigate the protective effects of different concentrations of hyperin.

RESULTHyperin could significantly inhibit CoCl2-induced cytotoxicity and apoptosis on PC12 cells in a dose-dependent manner, by inhibiting reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, increasing mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), and inactivating caspase-3 and poly ADP-ribose polymerase (PARP).

CONCLUSIONHyperin could inhibit CoCl2-induced cytotoxicity and apoptosis on PC12 cells, show neuroprotective effects on hypoxic/ischemic neural injuries.

Animals ; Apoptosis ; drug effects ; Cell Survival ; drug effects ; Cells ; cytology ; drug effects ; Cobalt ; toxicity ; Hypericum ; chemistry ; PC12 Cells ; Plant Extracts ; pharmacology ; Protective Agents ; pharmacology ; Quercetin ; analogs & derivatives ; pharmacology ; Rats

ObjectiveTo investigate and evaluate the depression in patients with type 2 diabetes.Methods62 patients with type 2 diabetes (30 having complications, 32 not having complications) and 20 normal controls were assessed by Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HRSD) of Peking University PES Mental State Application System.ResultsThe HRSD total scores of diabetics were higher than that of normal controls, and scores of diabetics with complications were higher than that without complications (P<0.05). The scores of anxiety/somatization and cognitive disturbance of diabetics were all higher than that of normal control (P<0.05).The scores of sluggish, dyssomnia of diabetics with complications were higher than that of normal controls (P<0.05), but there was no difference between diabetics without complications and normal controls (P>0.05). The scores of changing at day and night, weight, and the despair feel of diabetics were not obviously different with that of normal controls (P>0.05).ConclusionThe diabetics are often companioned with depression, and more severe when having complications.