1.Analysis of depressive symptoms and associated factors among junior and senior high school students in Beijing from 2019 to 2023
Chinese Journal of School Health 2026;47(1):60-64
Objective:
To investigate the prevalence and associated factors of depressive symptoms among junior and senior high school students in Beijing from 2019 to 2023, in order to provide a scientific basis for interventions targeting high risk groups.
Methods:
From 2019 to 2023, a stratified cluster random sampling method was used to select 88 927 junior and senior high school students from 16 districts in Beijing. The Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale(CES-D) was conducted to assess depressive symptoms. The Chi square test was used to compare the detection rates of depressive symptoms among different student groups, and the trend Chi square test was employed for trend analysis of detection rates across the years. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis was applied to examine the association between the detection of depressive symptoms and related factors among junior and senior high school students.
Results:
From 2019 to 2023, the prevalence rates of depressive symptoms among junior and senior high school students in Beijing were 20.45%, 18.19%, 16.64%, 17.89% and 18.17%, respectively, with an overall downward trend ( χ 2 trend =27.51, P <0.01). Multivariate Logistic regression analysis revealed that after adjusting for gender, monitoring year, educational stage,family structure,boarding status and has taken a medical leave of absence in the past year unhealthy dietary behaviors ( OR=1.80, 95%CI =1.73-1.87), physical inactivity ( OR=1.24, 95%CI =1.19-1.29), try smoking ( OR=1.46, 95%CI =1.35-1.58), try alcohol( OR=1.96, 95%CI =1.88-2.05), Internet addiction ( OR=3.88, 95%CI =3.57-4.22), and adverse ear related behavior ( OR=1.82, 95%CI =1.71-1.93) were all associated with an increased risk of depressive symptoms among junior and senior high school students (all P <0.05).
Conclusions
The prevalence depression symptoms among middle school students in Beijing showed a fluctuating downward trend from 2019 to 2023. Targeted interventions should be adopted to reduce the occurrence of depression symptoms among junior and senior high school students.
2.Trends of changes in classroom lighting and illumination of primary and secondary schools in Beijing from 2016 to 2023
Chinese Journal of School Health 2026;47(1):134-139
Objective:
To understand the trends of classroom lighting and illumination of primary and secondary schools in Beijing from 2016 to 2023, so as to provide a scientific basis for targeted improvement measures.
Methods:
A sampling survey was conducted on the lighting and illumination indicators of 8 390 classrooms in primary and secondary schools in Beijing from 2016 to 2023. The survey included classroom daylight factor, window to floor area ratio, average illuminance and illuminance uniformity on the desks, average illuminance and illuminance uniformity on blackboards, as well as classroom lighting and blackboard illumination sources. Intergroup comparisons were performed using the Kruskal-Wallis H test and the Chi square test, and Spearman correlation analysis was used to examine the trend of classroom lighting and illumination changes.
Results:
Except the window to floor area ratio, the measured values and compliance rates of all lighting and illumination indicators showed an overall upward trend from 2016 to 2023 (daylight factor r = 0.27, χ 2 trend =206.80, average illuminance on the desk surface r =0.30, χ 2 trend =87.97, illuminance uniformity on the desk surface r =0.14, χ 2 trend =73.59, average illuminance on the blackboard r =0.33, χ 2 trend =477.43, illuminance uniformity on the blackboard r = 0.09, χ 2 trend =50.76) (all P <0.01). The lighting and illumination indicators of classrooms (included classroom daylight factor, average illuminance and illuminance uniformity on the desks, average illuminance and illuminance uniformity on blackboards) in urban schools, primary schools, and secondary schools from 2016 to 2023 showed an upward trend (urban r =0.23-0.40, χ 2 trend =88.66-392.18; primary school r =0.12-0.36, χ 2 trend =39.50-281.44; secondary schools r =0.06-0.31, χ 2 trend =11.79-213.73) (all P < 0.01 ). The illuminance uniformity on the blackboard in suburban schools showed a downward trend ( r = -0.09, χ 2 trend =31.53, both P <0.01). The illuminance uniformity on the desk surface in suburban schools showed no significant change ( r =0.03, χ 2 trend =1.23, both P >0.05). The other indicators showed an upward trend (daylight factor r =0.28, χ 2 trend =40.69, average illuminance on the desk surface r =0.24, χ 2 trend =16.35, average illuminance on the blackboard r =0.25, χ 2 trend =118.05, all P <0.01). The trends of classroom and blackboard illumination sources were that fluorescent lamps decreased year by year and LED lamps increased by year (classroom illumination sources χ 2 trend =1 059.82, blackboard illumination sources χ 2 trend =1 070.25, both P <0.01).
Conclusions
The classroom lighting and illumination in primary and secondary schools in Beijing has shown an overall improving trend from 2016 to 2023. However, problems remain, such as limited improvement of illuminance uniformity indicators, late start and poor effect of reconstruction in suburban schools. Further improvements are still needed.
3.Mechanisms of Bushen Tongluo Jiangzhuo Prescription in Improving Renal Fibrosis in Rats with Chronic Kidney Disease Based on PI3K/Akt/mTOR Signaling Pathway
Xincui BAO ; Baosheng ZHAO ; Lingling QIN ; Haiyan WANG ; Jing YANG ; You WANG ; Lijia WU ; Yujin LI ; Ming GAO ; Cuiyan LYU ; Tonghua LIU
Chinese Journal of Experimental Traditional Medical Formulae 2026;32(6):100-108
ObjectiveTo investigate the mechanisms by which Bushen Tongluo Jiangzhuo prescription improves renal fibrosis in rats with chronic kidney disease (CKD) through the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (Akt)/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway. MethodsSeventy specific pathogen-free (SPF) Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into a control group (n=15) and a modeling group (n=55). Rats in the modeling group were administered a 2.5% adenine suspension at a dose of 200 mg·kg-1·d-1 by gavage for 4 weeks to establish a CKD model. Successfully modeled rats were randomly divided into a model group, an irbesartan group (20.25 mg·kg-1·d-1), and Bushen Tongluo Jiangzhuo prescription low-, medium-, and high-dose groups (5.82, 11.64, and 23.28 g·kg-1·d-1, respectively), with 10 rats in each group. Each group was administered an equal volume of physiological saline, the corresponding concentration of irbesartan, or Bushen Tongluo Jiangzhuo prescription by gavage for 12 weeks. Body weight and renal function indices were dynamically monitored. Serum creatinine (SCr), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio (ACR), 24-hour urinary total protein (24 hUTP), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) levels were measured using an automatic biochemical analyzer. Renal histopathological changes were observed by hematoxylin-eosin (HE) and Masson staining. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) was used to detect the expression of PI3K, Akt, phosphorylated Akt (p-Akt), and mTOR in renal tissues. Western blot was performed to assess the protein expression of PI3K, p-Akt, Akt, phosphorylated mTOR (p-mTOR), and mTOR in renal tissues. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (Real-time PCR) was used to determine the mRNA expression levels of PI3K, Akt, and mTOR in renal tissues. ResultsCompared with the model group, rats in the irbesartan group and the low-, medium-, and high-dose Bushen Tongluo Jiangzhuo prescription groups showed significantly decreased levels of SCr, BUN, ACR, 24 hUTP, IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α (P<0.01). AST levels were significantly increased (P<0.01), while no significant difference was observed in ALT levels. Histopathological examination revealed that, compared with the model group, renal tubular epithelial cell edema and necrosis and Bowman's capsule dilation were alleviated, inflammatory cell infiltration was reduced, and interstitial and glomerular fibrosis was markedly improved in all treatment groups, with the most pronounced effect observed in the high-dose Bushen Tongluo Jiangzhuo prescription group. Real-time PCR results showed that mRNA expression levels of PI3K, Akt, and mTOR were significantly downregulated in the high-dose group (P<0.01). IHC results demonstrated that PI3K and p-Akt expression levels in renal tissues were significantly decreased in the high-dose group (P<0.01). Western blot analysis further confirmed that the expression levels of PI3K, p-Akt/Akt, and p-mTOR/mTOR were significantly reduced in the high-dose group (P<0.01). ConclusionBushen Tongluo Jiangzhuo prescription improves renal function indices in CKD rats, reduces collagen deposition in renal tissues, and decreases serum inflammatory factor levels. Its protective effect on renal function may be achieved by activating autophagy through downregulation of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway, thereby alleviating renal fibrosis.
4.Mechanism of Bushen Kaixuan Tongluo Prescription in Improving Diabetic Nephropathy Based on cAMP Signaling Pathway
Miao XU ; Baosheng ZHAO ; You WANG ; Yuzhuo CHANG ; Zehao LIU ; Lingling QIN ; Haiyan WANG ; Ming GAO ; Cuiyan LYU ; Tonghua LIU
Chinese Journal of Experimental Traditional Medical Formulae 2026;32(11):87-96
ObjectiveTo investigate the molecular mechanism by which the Bushen Kaixuan Tongluo prescription exerts a renal protective effect in mice with diabetic kidney disease (DKD) by regulating the cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) signaling pathway. MethodsThirty specific pathogen-free (SPF) male db/db mice were adaptively fed for three weeks. Mice with a random tail vein blood glucose level ≥ 11.1 mmol·L-1 and urinary albumin-creatinine ratio (ACR) ≥ 30 mg·g-1 were considered successfully modeled. The successfully modeled mice were randomly divided into five groups with six mice in each group: the model group, the low-, medium-, and high-dose Bushen Kaixuan Tongluo prescription groups (administered at doses of 7, 14, 28 g·kg-1·d-1 respectively), and the positive drug irbesartan group (administered at a dose of 20 mg·kg-1·d-1). Additionally, six db/m mice were selected as the blank group. Mice in each group were given intragastric administration of the Bushen Kaixuan Tongluo prescription at the corresponding concentrations, irbesartan, or an equal volume of pure water, and the intervention lasted for 12 weeks. During the experiment, the general conditions, body weight changes, and renal function indicators of the mice were dynamically monitored. After the intervention, a blood glucose meter was used to measure the fasting blood glucose (FBG) of the mice. An automatic biochemical analyzer was employed to detect the levels of serum creatinine (SCr), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), urinary microalbumin (uALB), ACR, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), leptin (LEP), glycosylated serum protein (GSP), and insulin (INS) in the mice. Renal tissues were collected for hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining, periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) staining, and Masson's trichrome staining to observe the histopathological changes. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) was used to detect the expressions of protein kinase A (PKA) and cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB) in the mice. Western blot analysis was performed to determine the expression levels of PKA, phosphorylated protein kinase A (p-PKA), CREB, phosphorylated cAMP response element-binding protein (p-CREB), and B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2) proteins in the renal tissues of the mice. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (Real-time PCR) was used to detect the mRNA expression levels of PKA, CREB, and Bcl-2 in the renal tissues of the mice. ResultsCompared with the blank group, the mice in the model group showed listlessness, decreased activity, and a significant increase in body weight (P<0.01). Biochemical indicators revealed that the levels of BUN, uALB, ACR, AST, ALT, TC, TG, FBG, LEP, GSP, and INS were significantly increased (P<0.01), while SCr showed an increasing trend with no statistically significant difference. Compared with the model group, the mice in the Bushen Kaixuan Tongluo prescription intervention groups had improved general conditions and a decreasing trend in body weight. Biochemical indicators showed that the levels of BUN, uALB, ACR, TC, GSP, and INS were significantly decreased (P<0.05), while SCr, AST, ALT, TG, and LEP showed a decreasing trend with no statistically significant difference. Renal histopathological analysis showed that the model group exhibited typical DKD pathological features such as thickening of the glomerular basement membrane, expansion of the mesangial matrix, and deposition of collagen fibers in the renal tubulointerstitium, and all treatment groups could alleviate the above pathological damages. The IHC results showed that compared with the blank group, the expression levels of p-PKA and p-CREB in the renal tissues of the model group were significantly decreased (P<0.01). Compared with the model group, the expression level of p-PKA in the medium-dose Bushen Kaixuan Tongluo prescription group was significantly increased (P<0.01), while the expression level of p-CREB showed an increasing trend with no statistically significant difference. Western blot results showed that compared with the blank group, the expression levels of p-PKA/PKA, p-CREB/CREB, and Bcl-2 in the model group were significantly decreased (P<0.05). Compared with the model group, the expression levels of these proteins in the medium-dose Bushen Kaixuan Tongluo prescription group were significantly increased (P<0.01). Real-time PCR results showed that compared with the blank group, the mRNA expressions of PKA, CREB, and Bcl-2 in the model group were significantly down-regulated (P<0.05). Compared with the model group, the mRNA expressions of these genes in the medium-dose Bushen Kaixuan Tongluo prescription group were significantly up-regulated (P<0.05). ConclusionThe Bushen Kaixuan Tongluo prescription can improve the liver and kidney functions of db/db mice, correct lipid metabolism disorders and glucose metabolism imbalance. Its renal protective effect is associated with up-regulating the cAMP signaling pathway to improve renal fibrosis and reduce the level of oxidative stress, thereby protecting renal function.
5.lncRNA DLEU2 regulates IKKα-mediated 131I resistance in thyroid carcinoma TPC-1 cells via the EZH2/H3K27me3 axis
ZOU Huangren ; LIU Yanlin ; ZHANG Lu ; BAI Yuke ; GAO Rui ; QIN Tiantian ; FANG Ruotong ; DENG Ziyong
Chinese Journal of Cancer Biotherapy 2026;33(4):363-372
[摘 要] 目的:探讨lncRNA DLEU2通过EZH2/H3K27me3途径调控IKKα介导甲状腺癌(TC)放射性碘抵抗的作用机制。方法:利用TCGA数据库分析TC中DLEU2的表达及其与EZH2的相关性。构建放射性碘抵抗的TPC-1细胞(RR-TPC-1细胞)模型及裸鼠移植瘤模型,通过敲低或过表达DLEU2(si-DLEU2/OE-DLEU2)、抑制EZH2(UNC1999)、过表达IKKα(OE-IKKα)进行干预,采用qPCR、WB、RIP、ChIP、CCK-8、流式细胞术、TUNEL染色及体内成瘤实验检测基因与蛋白表达、表观修饰、细胞增殖、凋亡及肿瘤生长。结果:TCGA分析显示,DLEU2在TC组织中显著上调(P < 0.001),与患者不良预后相关(P = 0.008 4),且与EZH2表达呈正相关(r = 0.390, P < 0.001);RIP证实EZH2与DLEU2存在相互作用/结合(P < 0.05)。体外实验表明,敲低DLEU2可显著下调RR-TPC-1细胞中EZH2、IKKα表达及H3K27me3修饰水平,抑制NF-κB通路活化(P < 0.05或P < 0.01),抑制细胞增殖、促进凋亡(均P < 0.05)。联合敲低DLEU2与抑制EZH2进一步增强上述效应,而过表达IKKα则可部分逆转上述效应(P < 0.05或P < 0.01)。体内实验进一步证实,敲低DLEU2联合抑制EZH2可显著抑制移植瘤生长,增加肿瘤细胞凋亡(均P < 0.01);IKKα过表达则部分逆转上述抗肿瘤效应(P < 0.05或P < 0.01)。结论:lncRNA DLEU2通过招募EZH2催化H3K27me3修饰,间接激活IKKα/NF-κB信号并形成正反馈环路,介导TPC-1细胞131I抵抗。
6.Effect of ankle soft robotic exosuit on gait function for stroke patients: a scoping review from 2020 to 2025
Huigang GAO ; Yuanwen LIU ; Yuling QIN ; Xiquan HU ; Lin ZHU
Chinese Journal of Rehabilitation Theory and Practice 2026;32(6):645-652
ObjectiveTo explore effect of the ankle soft robotic exosuits (ASRE) on gait function in stroke patients. MethodsDatabases including PubMed, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, CNKI, Wanfang and VIP were searched for researches evaluating the impact of ASRE on gait function in stroke patients with hemiplegia, covering the period from January 1st, 2020 to May 1st, 2025. The PEDro scale and the Risk of Bias in Non-randomized Studies of Interventions tool were used to assess the quality of the included researches, and data were extracted for a scoping review. ResultsA total of twelve researches were finally included, consisting of three randomized controlled trials (RCT), three cross-over controlled trials and six pre-post controlled trials, which came from three countries of China, the United States and South Korea, involving 256 patients. The three RCT were rated as high-quality, while the remaining researches were presented moderate to serious risk of bias. Five researches employed a single-session intervention; and seven used multiple-session intervention, with 30 to 60 minutes a session, two to five sessions a week, for five to 20 sessions. ASRE was effective on walking speed, walking distance, propulsive force of the hemiplegic side, gait parameters and spatiotemporal symmetry, joint range of motion, as well as the scores of scales related to lower limb motor function, balance and gait, with favorable safety and reliability. ConclusionASRE may improve the gait function in stroke patients.
7.Effects of Buyang Huanwu Tang and its main components on pyroptosis in brain tissue of rats with middle cerebral artery occlusion and reperfusion
Ruikun WANG ; Weijuan GAO ; Haoran ZHANG ; Yijie LIU ; Jiaxin BU ; Mei YUAN ; Yuxin QIN ; Yi ZHANG
Chinese Journal of Tissue Engineering Research 2025;29(18):3819-3825
BACKGROUND:Cellular pyroptosis is an important pathological mechanism of cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury.Buyang Huanwu Tang is a classic formula for the clinical treatment of ischemic stroke in traditional Chinese medicine,and cellular pyroptosis may be an effective target of Buyang Huanwu Tang in the treatment of cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury.OBJECTIVE:To observe the effect and mechanism of Buyang Huanwu Tang on pyroptosis in brain tissues of middle cerebral artery occlusion/reperfusion rats.METHODS:Forty-eight Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into sham operation group,model group,Astragalus membranaceus group and Buyang Huanwu Tang group.Except for the sham operation group,all groups were subjected to middle cerebral artery occlusion for ischemia for 2 hours and reperfusion for 72 hours.The rats in the Astragalus membranaceus group and Buyang Huanwu Tang group were continuously gavaged with the corresponding volume of drugs until ischemia and reperfusion for 72 hours after awakening from the modeling,once in the morning and once in the evening.Zea Longa score was used to observe the neurological deficits of rats.TTC staining was performed to observe cerebral infarct size in rats.Hematoxylin-eosin staining was used to observe the pathological changes of the brain tissue.Immunofluorescence was used to observe the co-expression of Tunel and Cleaved-Caspase-1 in the brain tissue and the expression of the junction protein ASC.Immunohistochemistry and western blot were used to detect the expression of pyroptosis-related proteins in rat brain tissues.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)Compared with the sham operation group,the neurological deficit score of rats was significantly higher in the model group(P<0.01),and compared with the model group,the neurological deficit score of rats was significantly lower in the Buyang Huanwu Tang group and the Astragalus membranaceus group(P<0.01).(2)Compared with the model group,the volume ratio of cerebral infarction was lower in the Astragalus membranaceus group and Buyang Huanwu Tang group(P<0.01).(3)In the model group,the nuclei of neuronal cells in the brain tissue were deeply stained or lysed,and arrangement of the cells was disorganized.Compared with the model group,the pathologic damage of the brain was less severe in the Buyang Huanwu Tang group and the Astragalus membranaceus group.(4)Compared with the sham operation group,the number of Tunel and Cleaved-Caspase-1 double-positive cells and immunofluorescence intensity of ASC in the brain tissue was significantly increased in the model group,and the expression of Cleaved-Caspase-1,NLRP3,interleukin 18,and interleukin 1β was significantly elevated in the model group(P<0.01).Compared with the model group,the number of Cleaved-Caspase-1 and Tunel double-positive cells,immunofluorescence intensity of ASC,and the expression of Cleaved-Caspase-1,NLRP3,interleukin 18,and interleukin 1β were all significantly decreased in the Buyang Huanwu Tang group and the Astragalus membranaceus group(P<0.01).The results indicate that Buyang Huanwu Tang and its monarch drug Astragalus membranaceus can effectively alleviate brain tissue injury in rats with middle cerebral artery occlusion and reperfusion,and its mechanism may be related to the inhibition of neuronal cell pyroptosis.
8.circHERC4_041 Inhibits the Fibrotic Phenotype of Cardiac Fibroblasts by Encoding Protein
Yuan GAO ; Chuan-Meng ZHOU ; Hua-Yan WU ; Ya WANG ; Ru-Shi WU ; Pei-Ying GUAN ; Jun-Tao FANG ; Jin-Dong XU ; Yu-Peng LIU ; Zhi-Qin HU ; Zhi-Xin SHAN
Chinese Journal of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology 2025;41(3):393-403
A mounting body of research suggests that circRNAs significantly contribute to the develop-ment of myocardial fibrosis.The microarray results of human circular RNA expression profile indicated that circHERC4_041 expression increased in the myocardium of patients with heart failure,RT-qPCR a-nalysis confirmed that the myocardial expression level of circHERC4_041 in individuals with heart failure were considerably elevated compared to that in healthy organ donors.Fluorescence in situ hybridization(FISH)confirmed that circHERC4_041 was abundant in the cytoplasm of human cardiomyocyte AC16.Overexpression of circHERC4_041 in mouse myocardial fibroblasts(mCFs)mediated by adenovirus in-hibited the expression of fibrosis-related proteins in mCFs.Experiments involving cell proliferation,wound healing,and Transwell assays demonstrated that overexpression of circHERC4_041 suppressed the growth and mobility of mCFs(P<0.001).Sequence analysis results suggested that circHERC4_041 con-tains potential ribosome entry sequence(IRES)and open reading frame(ORF).Western blot confirmed that circHERC4_041 could translate the 516 amino acid HERC4-516aa protein,which was mainly located in the cytoplasm of the cell.Cell functional experiments confirmed that circHERC4_041 inhibited the fi-brotic phenotype of mCFs by specifically translating HERC4-516aa(P<0.05).The specific interaction between HERC4-516aa and transglutaminase 2(TGM2)was confirmed by IP-MS screening and Co-IP i-dentification.Further results found that the degradation of TGM2 was promoted through proteasome path-way.The overexpression of TGM2 in mCFs facilitated by adenoviral vectors could counteract the suppres-sive effects of HERC4-516aa on the fibrotic phenotype of mCFs.Therefore,this study confirmed that the HERC4-516aa protein translated by circHERC4_041 can specifically bind to TGM2 to inhibit the fibrotic phenotype of myocardial fibroblasts.
9.Preparation of sustained-release microspheres of ginsenosides
Xiang-ying LIU ; Ru-nan HE ; Gao QIU ; Zong-hao LIN ; Yu-hai GUO ; Chu-qin YU
Chinese Traditional Patent Medicine 2025;47(4):1097-1104
AIM To prepare the sustained-release microspheres of ginsenosides.METHODS The sustained-release microspheres were prepared by SPG membrane emulsification technology with poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid)(PLGA)as a shell carrier.With PLGA concentration,feed rate and Span 60 concentration as influencing factors,comprehensive score for appearance,drug loading and encapsulation efficiency as an evaluation indice,the preparation process was optimized by response surface method.The morphology of sustained-release microspheres was observed,after which the particle size,drug loading and encapsulation efficiency were determined,and the in vitro drug release was investigated.RESULTS The optimal conditons were determined to be 45 s for agitation time of primary emulsion,74.68 mg/mL for PLGA concentration,11%for feed rate,and 4.18 mg/mL for Span 60 concentration,the comprehensive score was 74.98.The round sustained-release microspheres demonstrated the average particle size of 4.33 μm,drug loading of(8.24±0.13)%,and encapsulation efficiency of(74.94±1.17)%,respectively.At 336 h,ginsenosides Rg1,Rb1,Rb2 displayed the accumulative release rates of 84.12%,78.04%,65.88%,respectively.CONCLUSION This reasonable and feasible method can be used for the preparation of sustained-release microspheres of ginsenosides with good appearance and high drug loading,which can provide references for the preparation of other water-soluble drug microspheres and solution of microsphere collapse problem.
10.Effects of Buyang Huanwu Tang and its main components on pyroptosis in brain tissue of rats with middle cerebral artery occlusion and reperfusion
Ruikun WANG ; Weijuan GAO ; Haoran ZHANG ; Yijie LIU ; Jiaxin BU ; Mei YUAN ; Yuxin QIN ; Yi ZHANG
Chinese Journal of Tissue Engineering Research 2025;29(18):3819-3825
BACKGROUND:Cellular pyroptosis is an important pathological mechanism of cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury.Buyang Huanwu Tang is a classic formula for the clinical treatment of ischemic stroke in traditional Chinese medicine,and cellular pyroptosis may be an effective target of Buyang Huanwu Tang in the treatment of cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury.OBJECTIVE:To observe the effect and mechanism of Buyang Huanwu Tang on pyroptosis in brain tissues of middle cerebral artery occlusion/reperfusion rats.METHODS:Forty-eight Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into sham operation group,model group,Astragalus membranaceus group and Buyang Huanwu Tang group.Except for the sham operation group,all groups were subjected to middle cerebral artery occlusion for ischemia for 2 hours and reperfusion for 72 hours.The rats in the Astragalus membranaceus group and Buyang Huanwu Tang group were continuously gavaged with the corresponding volume of drugs until ischemia and reperfusion for 72 hours after awakening from the modeling,once in the morning and once in the evening.Zea Longa score was used to observe the neurological deficits of rats.TTC staining was performed to observe cerebral infarct size in rats.Hematoxylin-eosin staining was used to observe the pathological changes of the brain tissue.Immunofluorescence was used to observe the co-expression of Tunel and Cleaved-Caspase-1 in the brain tissue and the expression of the junction protein ASC.Immunohistochemistry and western blot were used to detect the expression of pyroptosis-related proteins in rat brain tissues.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)Compared with the sham operation group,the neurological deficit score of rats was significantly higher in the model group(P<0.01),and compared with the model group,the neurological deficit score of rats was significantly lower in the Buyang Huanwu Tang group and the Astragalus membranaceus group(P<0.01).(2)Compared with the model group,the volume ratio of cerebral infarction was lower in the Astragalus membranaceus group and Buyang Huanwu Tang group(P<0.01).(3)In the model group,the nuclei of neuronal cells in the brain tissue were deeply stained or lysed,and arrangement of the cells was disorganized.Compared with the model group,the pathologic damage of the brain was less severe in the Buyang Huanwu Tang group and the Astragalus membranaceus group.(4)Compared with the sham operation group,the number of Tunel and Cleaved-Caspase-1 double-positive cells and immunofluorescence intensity of ASC in the brain tissue was significantly increased in the model group,and the expression of Cleaved-Caspase-1,NLRP3,interleukin 18,and interleukin 1β was significantly elevated in the model group(P<0.01).Compared with the model group,the number of Cleaved-Caspase-1 and Tunel double-positive cells,immunofluorescence intensity of ASC,and the expression of Cleaved-Caspase-1,NLRP3,interleukin 18,and interleukin 1β were all significantly decreased in the Buyang Huanwu Tang group and the Astragalus membranaceus group(P<0.01).The results indicate that Buyang Huanwu Tang and its monarch drug Astragalus membranaceus can effectively alleviate brain tissue injury in rats with middle cerebral artery occlusion and reperfusion,and its mechanism may be related to the inhibition of neuronal cell pyroptosis.


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