Tumor-associated neutrophils(TAN)are key components of the tumor microenvironment(TME)that exert dual regulatory roles in tumor progression through highly heterogeneous functional phenotypes.This review systematically addresses the dynamic balance of TAN in pro-tumor and anti-tumor mechanisms:TAN can directly kill tumor cells or collaborate with immune cells to activate anti-tumor re-sponses;however,in contrast,they can accelerate tumor progression by promoting angiogenesis,remodeling the extracellular matrix,and mediating immune evasion.Studies have shown that the functional heterogeneity of TAN is precisely regulated by multiple signaling net-works within the TME,and that the plasticity transformation of different subsets directly influences tumor progression.In-depth analyses of TAN subset characteristics,transformation mechanisms,and their clinical relevance will provide a theoretical basis for the development of inhibitors targeting pro-tumor neutrophils as well as advance the establishment of precise patient selection strategies for TAN subtype-based immunotherapy.

The European Federation of Periodontology (EFP) and the Association for Dental Education in Europe (ADEE) jointly held the second European Consensus Workshop on Education in Periodontology in February, 2023. Building on the first consensus workshop in 2009, expert working groups from European Workshop Committee updated four educational levels: undergraduate, specialist, continuing professional development (CPD), as well as teaching methods, culminating in the updated consensus report in March, 2024. This article introduces and interprets the contents of the 2024 consensus report. Specific to China′s national conditions, we also propose future perspectives and considerations on different levels of periodontal education in China based on this consensus.

Patients with periodontal disease often require combined periodontal-orthodontic interventions to restore periodontal health, function, and aesthetics, ensuring both patient satisfaction and long-term stability. Managing these patients involving orthodontic tooth movement can be particularly challenging due to compromised periodontal soft and hard tissues, especially in severe cases. Therefore, close collaboration between orthodontists and periodontists for comprehensive diagnosis and sequential treatment, along with diligent patient compliance throughout the entire process, is crucial for achieving favorable treatment outcomes. Moreover, long-term orthodontic retention and periodontal follow-up are essential to sustain treatment success. This expert consensus, informed by the latest clinical research and practical experience, addresses clinical considerations for orthodontic treatment of periodontal patients, delineating indications, objectives, procedures, and principles with the aim of providing clear and practical guidance for clinical practitioners.
Humans ; Consensus ; Orthodontics, Corrective/standards* ; Periodontal Diseases/complications* ; Tooth Movement Techniques/methods* ; Practice Guidelines as Topic

Cemental tear is a rare and indetectable condition unless obvious clinical signs present with the involvement of surrounding periodontal and periapical tissues. Due to its clinical manifestations similar to common dental issues, such as vertical root fracture, primary endodontic diseases, and periodontal diseases, as well as the low awareness of cemental tear for clinicians, misdiagnosis often occurs. The critical principle for cemental tear treatment is to remove torn fragments, and overlooking fragments leads to futile therapy, which could deteriorate the conditions of the affected teeth. Therefore, accurate diagnosis and subsequent appropriate interventions are vital for managing cemental tear. Novel diagnostic tools, including cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT), microscopes, and enamel matrix derivatives, have improved early detection and management, enhancing tooth retention. The implementation of standardized diagnostic criteria and treatment protocols, combined with improved clinical awareness among dental professionals, serves to mitigate risks of diagnostic errors and suboptimal therapeutic interventions. This expert consensus reviewed the epidemiology, pathogenesis, potential predisposing factors, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, differential diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of cemental tear, aiming to provide a clinical guideline and facilitate clinicians to have a better understanding of cemental tear.
Humans ; Dental Cementum/injuries* ; Consensus ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Cone-Beam Computed Tomography ; Tooth Fractures/therapy*

The European Federation of Periodontology (EFP) and the Association for Dental Education in Europe (ADEE) jointly held the second European Consensus Workshop on Education in Periodontology in February, 2023. Building on the first consensus workshop in 2009, expert working groups from European Workshop Committee updated four educational levels: undergraduate, specialist, continuing professional development (CPD), as well as teaching methods, culminating in the updated consensus report in March, 2024. This article introduces and interprets the contents of the 2024 consensus report. Specific to China′s national conditions, we also propose future perspectives and considerations on different levels of periodontal education in China based on this consensus.

Tumor-associated neutrophils(TAN)are key components of the tumor microenvironment(TME)that exert dual regulatory roles in tumor progression through highly heterogeneous functional phenotypes.This review systematically addresses the dynamic balance of TAN in pro-tumor and anti-tumor mechanisms:TAN can directly kill tumor cells or collaborate with immune cells to activate anti-tumor re-sponses;however,in contrast,they can accelerate tumor progression by promoting angiogenesis,remodeling the extracellular matrix,and mediating immune evasion.Studies have shown that the functional heterogeneity of TAN is precisely regulated by multiple signaling net-works within the TME,and that the plasticity transformation of different subsets directly influences tumor progression.In-depth analyses of TAN subset characteristics,transformation mechanisms,and their clinical relevance will provide a theoretical basis for the development of inhibitors targeting pro-tumor neutrophils as well as advance the establishment of precise patient selection strategies for TAN subtype-based immunotherapy.

Objective To explore the efficacy and safety of"ditching and ridge removal"with 450 nm semiconductor blue laser in the treatment of large volume benign prostatic hyperplasia(BPH),in order to promote the clinical application of this method.Methods A retrospective study was conducted on 30 patients with large volume BPH treated with"ditching and ridge removal"with 450 nm semiconductor blue laser in Yingsheng Branch of Tai'an Central Hospital during Sep.and Dec.2023.The laser operation time,level of hemoglobin before and after operation,bladder irrigation time after operation,urinary catheter indwelling time,postoperative hospital stay,and intraoperative and postoperative complications were recorded.The changes of international prostate symptom score(IPSS),quality of life scale(QoL)score,maximum urinary flow rate(Qmax)and post-void residual volume(PVR)were compared before and 1 month after operation.Results The volume of prostate was(104.5±14.52)mL,the laser operation time was(20.13±2.98)min,and the bladder irrigation time was(20.27±2.56)h.The catheter was removed in all patients 2 days after operation,and all patients were discharged 3 days after operation.One month after operation,the IPSS,QoL,Qmax and PVR were significantly improved as compared with those before operation(P＜0.05).No complications occurred during the follow-up.Conclusion"Ditching and ridge removal"with 450 nm semiconductor blue laser is a new,safe and effective method in the treatment of large volume BPH.

Odontogenic maxillary sinusitis(OMS)is a subtype of maxillary sinusitis(MS).It is actually inflammation of the maxillary sinus that secondary to adjacent infectious maxillary dental lesion.Due to the lack of unique clinical features,OMS is difficult to distinguish from other types of rhinosinusitis.Besides,the characteristic infectious pathogeny of OMS makes it is resistant to conventional therapies of rhinosinusitis.Its current diagnosis and treatment are thus facing great difficulties.The multi-disciplinary cooperation between otolaryngologists and dentists is absolutely urgent to settle these questions and to acquire standardized diagnostic and treatment regimen for OMS.However,this disease has actually received little attention and has been underrepresented by relatively low publication volume and quality.Based on systematically reviewed literature and practical experiences of expert members,our consensus focuses on characteristics,symptoms,classification and diagnosis of OMS,and further put forward multi-disciplinary treatment decisions for OMS,as well as the common treatment complications and relative managements.This consensus aims to increase attention to OMS,and optimize the clinical diagnosis and decision-making of OMS,which finally provides evidence-based options for OMS clinical management.

Endo-periodontal lesions(EPLs)involve both the periodontium and pulp tissue and have complicated etiologies and pathogenic mechanisms,including unique anatomical and microbiological characteristics and multiple contributing factors.This etiological complexity leads to difficulties in determining patient prognosis,posing great challenges in clinical practice.Furthermore,EPL-affected teeth require multidisciplinary therapy,including periodontal therapy,endodontic therapy and others,but there is still much debate about the appropriate timing of periodontal therapy and root canal therapy.By compiling the most recent findings on the etiology,pathogenesis,clinical characteristics,diagnosis,therapy,and prognosis of EPL-affected teeth,this consensus sought to support clinicians in making the best possible treatment decisions based on both biological and clinical evidence.

ObjectiveTo investigate the effects of whole body vibration training on postural stability in patients with chronic ankle instability (CAI) using meta-analysis. MethodsRandomized controlled trials about whole body vibration training on patients with CAI in relation to postural stability were retrieved from PubMed, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro) scale, CNKI and WanFang data from inception to November, 2022. Reference lists of included studies were also traced to supplement the relevant literature. Two researchers independently searched the literature, and extracted relevant data. The PEDro scale was used to assess the quality, and the Cochrane Handbook was used to assess the risk of bias. The meta-analysis was conducted using Review Manager 5.3. And Stata 15.0 was used to conduct the Egger's test to assess publication bias. ResultsTwelve randomized controlled trials involving 440 individuals were included. Compared with the other exercises or no exercise, whole body vibration training could improve the center of pressure-area (MD = -0.70, 95% CI -0.97 to -0.43, P < 0.001) and the Star Excursion Balance Test in the direction of anterior (MD = 6.16, 95% CI 3.88 to 8.44, P < 0.001), posteromedial (MD = 6.22, 95% CI 3.68 to 8.76, P < 0.001), posterolateral (MD = 6.68, 95% CI 4.28 to 9.08, P < 0.001), anteromedial (MD = 8.78, 95% CI 6.71 to 10.85, P < 0.001), medial (MD = 4.16, 95% CI 1.46 to 6.86, P = 0.002), posterior (MD = 6.69, 95% CI 3.81 to 9.58, P < 0.001), lateral (MD =12.37, 95% CI 8.09 to 16.65, P < 0.001) and anterolateral (MD = 5.29, 95% CI 1.44 to 9.13, P = 0.007). However, there was no significant difference in the overall stability index (MD = 0.02, 95% CI -0.05 to 0.09, P = 0.643) and hop-test (MD = 6.24, 95% CI -8.80 to 21.28, P = 0.416) between whole body vibration training and other exercises or no exercise. ConclusionWhole body vibration training can improve the range of all directions of the Star Excursion Balance Test in individuals with CAI. However, more studies are needed to determine the improvement of center of pressure-area.