Objective From the perspective of China's health service system,to evaluate the economy of the first-line treatment of advanced squamous non-small cell lung cancer with serplulimab combined with chemotherapy.Methods A three-state partitioned survival model was constructed,and the cost-effectiveness method was used to evaluate the economy of serplulimab combined chemotherapy in the first-line treatment of advanced squamous non-small cell lung cancer.The clinical data were collected from the ASTRUM-004 trial.The quality adjusted life years(QALYs)were used as the output index and the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio(ICER)was calculated.The stability of the model was verified by sensitivity analysis,and the situation analysis was carried out for the decrease of the price of serplulimab.Results The results of basic analysis showed that the cost of the combination group increased by 1 951 442 yuan compared with the placebo combination chemotherapy group,and the ICER was 2 498 816.54 yuan/QALY.Single factor sensitivity analysis showed that PFS state utility value,body weight,and serplulimab price had a greater impact on ICER.Probabilistic sensitivity analysis showed that the basic analysis results are robust.The results of the scenario analysis showed that when the price of serplulimab was reduced by 20％and 80％,it was not economical.Conclusions From the perspective of the China's health service system,currently,the combination therapy of serplulimab with chemotherapy is not cost-effective in the first-line treatment of advanced squamous cell lung cancer compared to placebo combination therapy.

The drug therapy pathway is an important part of the clinical pathway,aiming to enhance the efficiency and quality of healthcare services,optimize the allocation of healthcare resources,enhance patients' adherence to treatment,reduce the rate of medical errors,and ultimately improve patients' treatment outcomes through clear steps of drug therapy.The drug therapy pathway in the United States emphasizes multidisciplinary teamwork,and pharmacists play a key role in the formulation and implementation of the pathway;the drug therapy pathway in the United Kingdom is jointly formulated by the National Health Service of the United Kingdom and the National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence of the United Kingdom,and pharmacists provide professional advice in the formulation and implementation of the pathway;and the management of the drug therapy pathway in Japan is the responsibility of the Japan Clinical Pathway Society,and pharmacists play an important role in the promotion and implementation of the pathway.Pharmacists play an important role in the promotion and implementation of pathways.This article analyzes the experiences and models of the United States,the United Kingdom,and Japan in the development of drug therapy pathways,to provide a reference for the development of drug therapy pathways in China.

Objective To investigate the impact of pharmaceutical services provided by clinical pharmacists on rational drug use and cost control in hepatobiliary surgery under the Diagnosis Related Groups(DRGs)payment model,aming to provide evidence for improving the rationality of drug therapy and saving medical costs.Methods Patients classified under DRGs disease codes HB15,HB13,and HB11 from November 2022 to April 2024 were selected as study subjects.A total of 195 patients were included,with 106 in the intervention group and 89 in the control group.The intervention group received multidimensional clinical pharmaceutical services in addition to the standard care provided to the control group.The rational drug use rate,medication costs,total hospitalization expenses,and length of hospital stay were observed between the two groups.A cost-benefit analysis was employed to evaluate the economic impact of providing pharmaceutical services to hepatobiliary surgical patients.The cost indicator was the clinical pharmacy services cost,and the benefit indicators were the reductions in total hospitalization expenses and medication costs.The benefit-cost ratio(B/C)was calculated,and sensitivity analysis was performed.Results The intervention group showed significantly higher rational use rates of prophylactic antimicrobial agents(drug selection:83.96％vs.46.07％,P＜0.01;treatment duration:84.91％vs.56.18％,P＜0.01)and parenteral nutrition drugs(97.17％vs.73.03％,P＜0.01)compared to the control group.Additionally,the intervention group had significantly reduced the length of hospital stay,total hospitalization expenses,medication costs,and insurance over-expenditure compared to the control group(P＜0.05).Furthermore,clinical pharmacist intervention led to a reduction in medication costs by 4 320.05(2 555.00,5 088.25)yuan(CNY)and total hospitalization expenses by 8 891.12(5 135.05,10 074.03)yuan(CNY).The B/C ratios were 14.24(8.42,16.77)and 29.30(16.92,33.20),respectively,indicating economic efficiency.Sensitivity analysis supported these results.Conclusion Under the DRGs payment model,clinical pharmaceutical services guided by drug therapy pathways contribute to improving rational drug use in hepatobiliary surgery and provide clear economic benefits,playing a positive role in reducing medical costs.

Objective To analyze the literature on drug treatment pathways to sort out the development process,and to present the research status,hotspots,and trends.Methods Researches on drug treatment pathways were retrieved from the WoSCC,CNKI,Wanfang Database,and VIP Chinese Journal Database from the time of database establishment to October 312024.The CiteSpace 6.3.R1 and VOSviewer 1.6.20 were used to generate visual maps,including publications,countries,journals,institutions,authors,and keywords.Results A total of 150 papers were included,45 in Chinese and 105 in English.The number of Chinese and English research publications has increased significantly in the past five years.The United States has the largest number of publications in this field.There is relatively little cooperation among domestic research groups,but international cooperation is closer.In Chinese journals,research topics in this field mainly focus on the whole process from formulation to implementation of drug treatment pathways.Perioperative drug use,chronic drug use,and adjuvant drug use are research hotspots.In recent years,attention to clinical pharmacists and evidence-based pharmacy has increased.English journals mainly focus on cancer treatment-related research,with current research focusing on patient experience and social benefits.Conclusion Research in the field of drug treatment pathways in English journals is developing rapidly,but no core journal area has been formed specifically in this area.At present,the research on drug treatment pathways in Chinese journals is in its initial stage and is advancing rapidly,but the overall number is still relatively small,the research content and diseases involved are limited,and the research system is not perfect.Chinese researchers should pay attention to the research hotspot,broaden the research topic and further improve the quantity and quality of the research in this field.

This article analyzes the development and current status of clinical pathways(CPs)in the United States,the European Union,and Japan.CPs are standardized treatment models based on medical evidence and guidelines,aiming to improve therapeutic outcomes,reduce costs,ensure treatment consistency,enhance medical service efficiency,and increase patient satisfaction.The United States has promoted CPs since 1985,driving their development through legislation and professional associations to improve service quality and reduce medical expenditures.The European Union supports the development and evaluation of CPs through the European Pathway Association,emphasizing the improvement of patient treatment outcomes.Japan uses CPs as a tool to improve the quality of medical services,with an emphasis on multidisciplinary collaboration.All three have shown positive effects of CPs in improving medical service efficiency and reducing costs.However,they also face challenges such as overemphasis on cost control,lack of transparency,and physician cooperation.China can draw on these experiences to promote the development of CPs and enhance the quality and efficiency of medical services.

Objective To analyze the development and implementation of nutritional drug treatment pathways abroad,and to provide insights for the establishment of similar pathways in China.Methods A search was conducted in international literature and guideline databases for studies on nutritional therapy pathways up until December 1st,2024.The search focused on aspects such as pathway development methods,the composition of development teams,and implementation outcomes.Results A total of 29 relevant articles were identified,including 12 clinical practice guidelines and 17 research papers.The guidelines were all issued by the European Society for Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism,while the research papers showed significant heterogeneity,spanning multiple countries,regions,and medical conditions,primarily from developed countries in Europe and North America.The analysis reveals that nutritional therapy pathways typically include components such as nutritional assessment,formulation of nutritional plans,integration with other drug therapies,development of follow-up plans,pathway implementation teams,and the reassessment and updating of pathways.Conclusions China can benefit from the practices of developed countries,particularly those in Europe and North America.Key recommendations include the establishment of multidisciplinary teams,the promotion of a tiered treatment model,and the involvement of medical associations in forming expert groups to develop and implement nutritional drug treatment pathways,thereby enhancing the quality of nutritional treatment in China.

The drug therapy pathway is an important part of the clinical pathway,aiming to enhance the efficiency and quality of healthcare services,optimize the allocation of healthcare resources,enhance patients' adherence to treatment,reduce the rate of medical errors,and ultimately improve patients' treatment outcomes through clear steps of drug therapy.The drug therapy pathway in the United States emphasizes multidisciplinary teamwork,and pharmacists play a key role in the formulation and implementation of the pathway;the drug therapy pathway in the United Kingdom is jointly formulated by the National Health Service of the United Kingdom and the National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence of the United Kingdom,and pharmacists provide professional advice in the formulation and implementation of the pathway;and the management of the drug therapy pathway in Japan is the responsibility of the Japan Clinical Pathway Society,and pharmacists play an important role in the promotion and implementation of the pathway.Pharmacists play an important role in the promotion and implementation of pathways.This article analyzes the experiences and models of the United States,the United Kingdom,and Japan in the development of drug therapy pathways,to provide a reference for the development of drug therapy pathways in China.

Objective To investigate the impact of pharmaceutical services provided by clinical pharmacists on rational drug use and cost control in hepatobiliary surgery under the Diagnosis Related Groups(DRGs)payment model,aming to provide evidence for improving the rationality of drug therapy and saving medical costs.Methods Patients classified under DRGs disease codes HB15,HB13,and HB11 from November 2022 to April 2024 were selected as study subjects.A total of 195 patients were included,with 106 in the intervention group and 89 in the control group.The intervention group received multidimensional clinical pharmaceutical services in addition to the standard care provided to the control group.The rational drug use rate,medication costs,total hospitalization expenses,and length of hospital stay were observed between the two groups.A cost-benefit analysis was employed to evaluate the economic impact of providing pharmaceutical services to hepatobiliary surgical patients.The cost indicator was the clinical pharmacy services cost,and the benefit indicators were the reductions in total hospitalization expenses and medication costs.The benefit-cost ratio(B/C)was calculated,and sensitivity analysis was performed.Results The intervention group showed significantly higher rational use rates of prophylactic antimicrobial agents(drug selection:83.96％vs.46.07％,P＜0.01;treatment duration:84.91％vs.56.18％,P＜0.01)and parenteral nutrition drugs(97.17％vs.73.03％,P＜0.01)compared to the control group.Additionally,the intervention group had significantly reduced the length of hospital stay,total hospitalization expenses,medication costs,and insurance over-expenditure compared to the control group(P＜0.05).Furthermore,clinical pharmacist intervention led to a reduction in medication costs by 4 320.05(2 555.00,5 088.25)yuan(CNY)and total hospitalization expenses by 8 891.12(5 135.05,10 074.03)yuan(CNY).The B/C ratios were 14.24(8.42,16.77)and 29.30(16.92,33.20),respectively,indicating economic efficiency.Sensitivity analysis supported these results.Conclusion Under the DRGs payment model,clinical pharmaceutical services guided by drug therapy pathways contribute to improving rational drug use in hepatobiliary surgery and provide clear economic benefits,playing a positive role in reducing medical costs.

Objective To analyze the literature on drug treatment pathways to sort out the development process,and to present the research status,hotspots,and trends.Methods Researches on drug treatment pathways were retrieved from the WoSCC,CNKI,Wanfang Database,and VIP Chinese Journal Database from the time of database establishment to October 312024.The CiteSpace 6.3.R1 and VOSviewer 1.6.20 were used to generate visual maps,including publications,countries,journals,institutions,authors,and keywords.Results A total of 150 papers were included,45 in Chinese and 105 in English.The number of Chinese and English research publications has increased significantly in the past five years.The United States has the largest number of publications in this field.There is relatively little cooperation among domestic research groups,but international cooperation is closer.In Chinese journals,research topics in this field mainly focus on the whole process from formulation to implementation of drug treatment pathways.Perioperative drug use,chronic drug use,and adjuvant drug use are research hotspots.In recent years,attention to clinical pharmacists and evidence-based pharmacy has increased.English journals mainly focus on cancer treatment-related research,with current research focusing on patient experience and social benefits.Conclusion Research in the field of drug treatment pathways in English journals is developing rapidly,but no core journal area has been formed specifically in this area.At present,the research on drug treatment pathways in Chinese journals is in its initial stage and is advancing rapidly,but the overall number is still relatively small,the research content and diseases involved are limited,and the research system is not perfect.Chinese researchers should pay attention to the research hotspot,broaden the research topic and further improve the quantity and quality of the research in this field.

This article analyzes the development and current status of clinical pathways(CPs)in the United States,the European Union,and Japan.CPs are standardized treatment models based on medical evidence and guidelines,aiming to improve therapeutic outcomes,reduce costs,ensure treatment consistency,enhance medical service efficiency,and increase patient satisfaction.The United States has promoted CPs since 1985,driving their development through legislation and professional associations to improve service quality and reduce medical expenditures.The European Union supports the development and evaluation of CPs through the European Pathway Association,emphasizing the improvement of patient treatment outcomes.Japan uses CPs as a tool to improve the quality of medical services,with an emphasis on multidisciplinary collaboration.All three have shown positive effects of CPs in improving medical service efficiency and reducing costs.However,they also face challenges such as overemphasis on cost control,lack of transparency,and physician cooperation.China can draw on these experiences to promote the development of CPs and enhance the quality and efficiency of medical services.