: ObjectiveTo analyze the results of opportunistic screening for upper gastrointestinal cancer in rural areas of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, so as to provide the evidence for optimizing prevention and control strategies for upper gastrointestinal cancer. Methods: Data on opportunistic screening for upper gastrointestinal cancer in rural areas of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region from 2022 to 2024 were collected through the Opportunistic Screening Information Management System for Upper Gastrointestinal Cancer, including age, sex, mucosal staining, painless endoscopy, Helicobacter pylori (HP) test, HP test results, pathological examination results, and follow-up as well as treatment information. A descriptive analysis was conducted on the pathological examination results of opportunistic screening for upper gastrointestinal cancer in rural areas of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region. The detection rate of upper gastrointestinal lesions and the early diagnosis rate of upper gastrointestinal cancer were compared among populations with different characteristics. Results: A total of 42 741 individuals were screened, including 20 856 males (48.80%) and 21 885 females (51.20%). The predominant age group was 50-<60 years, with 16 188 individuals (37.87%). Biopsy and pathological examination were performed in 15 355 individuals, with a biopsy rate of 35.93%. The main pathological findings were mild to moderate inflammation, accounting for 8 846 cases (57.61%). A total of 608 upper gastrointestinal lesions were detected, with a detection rate of 1.42%. The detection rate of upper gastrointestinal lesions showed an increasing trend with age (P<0.05). Individuals who were male, underwent mucosal staining, underwent HP testing, or had a positive HP test had higher detection rates of upper gastrointestinal lesions (all P<0.05). A total of 165 cases of early upper gastrointestinal cancer were detected, with an early diagnosis rate of 27.14%. The early diagnosis rate showed a decreasing trend with age (P<0.05). Individuals who were female or underwent mucosal staining had higher early diagnosis rates of upper gastrointestinal cancer (both P<0.05). Conclusions The detection rate of upper gastrointestinal lesions and the early diagnosis rate of upper gastrointestinal cancer in rural areas of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region are relatively low. Males, elderly individuals, and HP-positive individuals are the key populations for screening.

Mycophenolic acid (MPA), the active moiety of both mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) and enteric-coated mycophenolate sodium (EC-MPS), serves as a primary immunosuppressant for maintaining solid organ transplants. Therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) enhances treatment outcomes through tailored approaches. This study aimed to develop an evidence-based guideline for MPA TDM, facilitating its rational application in clinical settings. The guideline plan was drawn from the Institute of Medicine and World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines. Using the Delphi method, clinical questions and outcome indicators were generated. Systematic reviews, Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) evidence quality evaluations, expert opinions, and patient values guided evidence-based suggestions for the guideline. External reviews further refined the recommendations. The guideline for the TDM of MPA (IPGRP-2020CN099) consists of four sections and 16 recommendations encompassing target populations, monitoring strategies, dosage regimens, and influencing factors. High-risk populations, timing of TDM, area under the curve (AUC) versus trough concentration (C₀), target concentration ranges, monitoring frequency, and analytical methods are addressed. Formulation-specific recommendations, initial dosage regimens, populations with unique considerations, pharmacokinetic-informed dosing, body weight factors, pharmacogenetics, and drug‍-‍drug interactions are covered. The evidence-based guideline offers a comprehensive recommendation for solid organ transplant recipients undergoing MPA therapy, promoting standardization of MPA TDM, and enhancing treatment efficacy and safety.
Mycophenolic Acid/administration & dosage* ; Drug Monitoring/methods* ; Humans ; Organ Transplantation ; Immunosuppressive Agents/administration & dosage* ; Delphi Technique

Minimizing the burden on study subjects and assessing the general dietary nutritional status as accurately as possible are the basis of a nutritional epidemiological cohort study in the general population. While introducing the main dietary nutrition assessment methods, this paper manly describes the basic contents and principles for the development of food frequency questionnaire, and briefly illustrates the problems and solutions for the development of area specific food frequency questionnaires by taking the example of Tianjin Chronic Low-grade Systemic Inflammation and Health (TCLSIH) cohort study. Finally, discusses preliminarily the necessity and possibility of developing a national food frequency questionnaire.

Objective: To investigate the prognostic impact of alterations of epidermal growth factor receptor(EGFR) and MGMT in glioblastoma. Methods: The retrospective study included 161 supratentorial glioblastomas diagnosed in the Department of Pathology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University from 2009 to 2015. EGFR and EGFRvⅢ protein expression was detected by immunohistochemistry; EGFR amplification was detected by fluorescence in situ hybridization; MGMT promoter methylation was detected by pyrosequencing. The change of molecular genetics EGFR and MGMT and outcome were assessed statistically. Results: There were 161 patients, including 85 (52.8%) males and 76 (47.2%) females. The mean age was 53 years, and the median overall survival was 13 months. The integrated classification of glioblastoma included 16 IDH-mutant, 134 wild type, and 11 NOS. The rate of overexpression of EGFR protein was 32.9%(53/161), and that of EGFR amplification was 37.5%(18/48). There was high concordance between immunohistochemistry and FISH(85.4%, Kappa=0.475, P<0.01) and between the level of EGFR protein and EGFR amplification (P<0.01). Twelve cases showed EGFRvⅢ expression, and all also showed EGFR protein overexpression; 149 cases were EGFRv Ⅲ wild type, and EGFR protein overexpression was seen in 27.5%(41/149) of cases. There was no correlation between EGFR and EGFRv Ⅲ expression. Of all cases, 70.2%(106/151) showed MGMT promoter methylation by pyrosequencing. The changes of molecular genetics of EGFR and MGMT were not related. EGFR amplification and protein overexpression had no significant relationship with prognosis. Patients with EGFRv Ⅲ-mutant had shorter survival time than the EGFRv Ⅲ-wild type(P=0.014); patients with MGMT promoter methylation had better prognosis than without (PFS:P=0.002,OS:P=0.006),and MGMT promoter methylation was an independent predictor for overall survival (HR=0.269, 95%CI 0.124-0.583, P=0.001). Conclusions EGFR protein expression by immunohistochemistry correlates with the status of EGFR amplification. Patients with EGFRv Ⅲ-mutant tumors have poorer prognosis than that with EGFRv Ⅲ-wild type tumors. MGMT promoter methylation is closely associated with prognosis and an independent predictor for overall survival.

Objective To evaluate the function of "high-dose methotrexate (HD-MTX) protocol" in the patients with HD-MTX-induced acute kidney injury (AKI).Methods The medical record data of patients with hematological malignancy received HD-MTX therapy in the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University from January 2013 to December 2016 were collected and retrospectively analyzed.The patients who received chemotherapy before the establishment of "HD-MTX protocol" were enrolled into the control group (between January 2013 to September 2014), and the patients who received chemotherapy after the establishment of "HD-MTX protocol" were enrolled into the observation group (between October 2014 to December 2016).The incidence of delayed MTX elimination and AKI between the 2 groups were compared.Results A total of 234 patients were enrolled in the study.There were 78 patients in the control group including 50 males and 28 females with the age 3 to 64 years and median age 25 years, of them, 57 patients with leukemia and 21 patients with lymphoma.There were 156 patients in the observation group including 92 males and 64 females with the age 6 to 64 years and median age 26 years, of them, 129 patients had leukemia and 27 patients had lymphoma.The percentage of patients with no-prehydration and no-preurine alkalinization in the control group was higher than that in the observation group[60.1% (47/78) vs.4.5% (7/156), 80.8% (63/78) vs.8.3% (13/156)], and the median volume of intravenous hydration was less than that in the observation group[0 (0-500) ml vs.1 750 (1 250-2 100) ml].The differences between the 2 groups were statistically significant (X2=91.168, P<0.001;X2=124.415, P<0.001;Z=-9.224, P<0.001).The incidence of delayed MTX elimination and AKI after MTX infusion in the control group was higher than that in the observation group [21.8% (17/78) vs.12.2% (18/156).20.5% (16/78) vs.10.3% (16/156)].The differences between the 2 groups were statistically significant (X2=4.300, P=0.038;X2=4.634, P=0.031).In the control group, there were 16 patients with AKI, the patients with grade Ⅰ, grade Ⅱ and grade Ⅲ were 6, 2 and 8 respectively.In the observation group, there were 16 patients with AKI, the patients with grade Ⅰ, grade Ⅱ and grade Ⅲ were 11, 4 and 1 respectively.The degree of kidney injury in the control group was higher than that in the observation group (Z=-2.286, P=0.022).Conclusion The "HD-MTX protocol" can significantly decrease the incidence of delayed MTX elimination and AKI, especially the incidence of grade Ⅲ AKI.

Objective To evaluate the function of "high-dose methotrexate (HD-MTX) protocol" in the patients with HD-MTX-induced acute kidney injury (AKI).Methods The medical record data of patients with hematological malignancy received HD-MTX therapy in the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University from January 2013 to December 2016 were collected and retrospectively analyzed.The patients who received chemotherapy before the establishment of "HD-MTX protocol" were enrolled into the control group (between January 2013 to September 2014), and the patients who received chemotherapy after the establishment of "HD-MTX protocol" were enrolled into the observation group (between October 2014 to December 2016).The incidence of delayed MTX elimination and AKI between the 2 groups were compared.Results A total of 234 patients were enrolled in the study.There were 78 patients in the control group including 50 males and 28 females with the age 3 to 64 years and median age 25 years, of them, 57 patients with leukemia and 21 patients with lymphoma.There were 156 patients in the observation group including 92 males and 64 females with the age 6 to 64 years and median age 26 years, of them, 129 patients had leukemia and 27 patients had lymphoma.The percentage of patients with no-prehydration and no-preurine alkalinization in the control group was higher than that in the observation group[60.1% (47/78) vs.4.5% (7/156), 80.8% (63/78) vs.8.3% (13/156)], and the median volume of intravenous hydration was less than that in the observation group[0 (0-500) ml vs.1 750 (1 250-2 100) ml].The differences between the 2 groups were statistically significant (X2=91.168, P<0.001;X2=124.415, P<0.001;Z=-9.224, P<0.001).The incidence of delayed MTX elimination and AKI after MTX infusion in the control group was higher than that in the observation group [21.8% (17/78) vs.12.2% (18/156).20.5% (16/78) vs.10.3% (16/156)].The differences between the 2 groups were statistically significant (X2=4.300, P=0.038;X2=4.634, P=0.031).In the control group, there were 16 patients with AKI, the patients with grade Ⅰ, grade Ⅱ and grade Ⅲ were 6, 2 and 8 respectively.In the observation group, there were 16 patients with AKI, the patients with grade Ⅰ, grade Ⅱ and grade Ⅲ were 11, 4 and 1 respectively.The degree of kidney injury in the control group was higher than that in the observation group (Z=-2.286, P=0.022).Conclusion The "HD-MTX protocol" can significantly decrease the incidence of delayed MTX elimination and AKI, especially the incidence of grade Ⅲ AKI.

Objective To analyze the characteristics on demographical,spatial distribution and transmission mode of HIV infections among 50-year-old population.Methods Related information on demography,spatial distribution,high risk behavioral and history of HIV infections among 50-year-old population were collected and analyzed.Possible time of infection based on their first CD4 testing results right after the HIV diagnoses,was estimated.Results Since 2008,the number of new HIV/AIDS cases among the over-50-year-olds was reported increasing annually.The number of aged 50 and above in 2014 was 4.2 times than the number in 2008.50-year-old or older population were infected mainly through heterosexual behavior (88.0％).Among these cases,83.9％ self-reported as having histories on extramarital sex intercourse and the number was increasing yearly.Among male cases who admitted as having heterosexual experience,95.1％ of them reported as having histories of extramarital sex intercourse while 53.4％ of the female cases reported as having the same experiences.46.6％ of spouses of the females or with fixed partners were HIV positive.Through estimating the time of infection and the time interval between infection and diagnosis,we found that the proportion was 15.5％,from infection to diagnosis as 3 years among the 50 and older age groups,but the proportion of 8 years from infection to diagnosis was 43.6％.We estimated that 66.5％ of the new HIV cases who were at age 50 and over,were infected when they were at that age span.The average time from infection and being tested was (6.8 ± 2.7) years.Conclusion The increasing number of being diagnosed on HIV among the 50-year-olds population might be related to both high risk exposure and belated diagnoses among this population,calling for the necessity of deriving the sources of HIV infection and tailoring the HIV prevention strategies in this population.

Objective To investigate the protein expression of the canonical transient receptor potential(TRPC)channel in the hippocampus of amyloidβprotein(Aβ)?induced Alzheimer’s disease(AD)mice. Methods A total of 36 ICR mice were randomly divided into AD group and control group,with 18 rats in each group. AD mice models were established by Aβ1?42 microinjection into the lateral intracerebroventricular. Learning and memory abilities of the mice were determined using Morris water maze. All TRPC1?TRPC7 mRNA levels in the hippocampus of the mice were detected using reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction(RT?PCR). Hippocampal TRPC4 protein expression was examined using immunofluorescence and Western blotting methods. Results Water maze test results showed that the escape latency of AD group were significant?ly longer than that of the control group(P<0.01),and that the target quadrant occupancy of AD group was significantly shortened(P<0.01)and the frequency of platform crossing of AD group was significantly reduced(P<0.01). RT?PCR results showed that all TRPC(TRPC1?TRPC7) mRNA were expressed in the hippocampal of both AD group and control group. Among these channels ,only TRPC4 mRNA levels of AD group was higher than that of the control group(P<0.01). Immunofluorescence images showed that TRPC4 expressed on the membrane of neurons and the intensities of the immunofluorescence of TRPC4 in AD group were stronger than that of control group. Western blotting results showed that the TRPC4 protein expression of AD group was higher than that of control group(P<0.05). Conclusion The increase of TRPC4 protein expression in the hippocampus of mice after intracerebroventricular injection of Aβ1?42 oligomers suggests that TRPC4 may be involved in the pathogenesis of AD induced by calcium homeostasis.

Objective To investigate clinical efficacy of additive LiuJunZi decoction in treatment of patients with chronic obstructive pneumonia ( COPD) of both lung and spleen deficiency in stable phase.Methods A total of 58 patients with deficiency of both lung and spleen type stable COPD patients were randomly divided into treatment group and control group by a random number table, 29 cases in each group, patients in two groups were treated with salmeterol and fluticasone propionate powder for inhalation.On this basis, the treatment group were given additive Liujunzi Decoction, orally, with 3 months treatment.The clinical signs and symptoms of patients, pulmonary function, index of sputumand acute attack proportion in a year were observed and compared.Results After different treatment, total efficiency was 93.1% in treatment group, which was obviously higher than 65.5%in control group (P<0.05).After treatment, the values of FEV1 and FEV1/FVC improved compared with before treatment, and the above indexes of treatment group significantly improved compared with control group (P<0.05).The HDACs activety, levels of TNF-αand IL-8 mproved compared with before treatment, and the above indexes of treatment group significantly improved compared with control group (P<0.05).The acute attack was two cases in treatment group(6.9%), seven cases in control group(24.1%), but the difference had no statistically significant.Conclusion The additive Liujunzi decoction in the treatment of both lung and spleen deficiency type chronic obstructive pulmonary disease ( COPD) in stable phase has exact clinical curative effect, can significantly improve clinical symptoms and laboratory indexes, control the progression of the disease, and improve life quality of the patients.

Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. hTe majority of cases, the diagnosis is made at an advanced stage. hTe prognosis is poor with a 5-year survival rate less than 16%and the median overall survival 1 year or so. In recent years, research has focused on the potential role of new biological factors involved in the carcinogenic process. It’s well known that thyroid transcription factor 1 (TTF-1) was a special lineage-survival oncogene in lung cancer ac-cording to recent researches. It has become apparent that TTF-1 expression has biological and clinical functions in the opposite direction that act in tumor progression. Herein, we summarize the role of this transcription factor in the development, diagno-sis, and prognosis of lung cancer in the hope of providing insights into the utility of TTF-1 as a novel biomarker of lung cancer.