Objective To detect the PM_2.5 pollution situation during heating season in Xinxiang university town, analyze the contents of 10 elements in PM_2.5, and evaluate its health risks, so as to provide data support for the subsequent environmental governance of college town. Methods PM_2.5 were collected during heating season. The contents of 10 elements were detected by ICP-MS after PM_2.5 was digested. The source was analyzed using enrichment factor method. The ecological risk and health risk of PM_2.5 was evaluated by applying the potential survival hazard index method and health risk assessment method. Results The average contents of Al, Mg, Mn, Cr, Zn, Se, Cu, Pb, Cd and As were respectively 165.59，203.37，7.75，328.93，133.61，8.24，30.82，7.09，2.77and 9.15 ng/m³. The average contents of Cr, Pb, and As all exceeded their air environment targets. The enrichment factors of Pb, Cu, As, Zn, Cd, Cr and Se were all more than 10, and their sources were affected by human activities. The potential ecological risk index of PM_2.5 was 352.42, which was strong ecological hazard factor. PM_2.5 had carcinogenic risk to human, and the risk in adults was higher than that in children. Conclusion During heating season in Xinxiang college town mainly, PM_2.5 may have short-term health risks on environment and human. When the air quality is poor, it is recommended to reduce outdoor activities while taking personal protective measures to minimize the potential health risks to the population in the university town.

ObjectiveTo verify the association between the Ddit3-Trib3-Akt signaling pathway and rat spermatogenesis by constructing an in vitro co-culture system of testis. MethodsTesticular tissue blocks from 20-25-day-old male rats were placed in an in vitro culture system， and the culture medium was replaced every 2 to 3 days. PCR was used to verify the expression of marker genes of various spermatogenic cells. RNA interference technology was employed to verify the correlation between the Ddit3-Trib3-Akt signaling pathway and rat spermatogenesis. ResultsThe co-culture system could be continuously cultured for more than 2.5 months in vitro. RT-PCR showed that specific marker genes of spermatogonia， spermatocyte and spermoblast were expressed. The RNA and protein expression of Trib3 and Akt changed after the knocking down of Ddit3 and Trib3， respectively. It demonstrated the existence of Ddit3-Trib3-Akt signaling pathway in rat spermatogenesis. ConclusionThe culture time of more than 2.5 months indicates that the culture system can temporarily maintain the proliferation and differentiation of stem cells， and simultaneously maintain and stabilize spermatogenesis in a simple system. The successful validation of the Ddit3-Trib3-Akt signaling pathway also confirms that this culture system can be used to study possible molecular mechanisms of spermatogenesis in vitro.

Ecoflex is a commercial designation for elastomers developed based on the principles of environmental sustainability and flexibility. Various manufacturers offer different types of Ecoflex products with distinct compositions and functions. Among these, the platinum-catalyzed silicone rubber Ecoflex series has demonstrated considerable applicability in various fields of oral medicine due to its excellent flexibility, biocompatibility, stability across a wide temperature range, and tunable mechanical properties. In tissue engineering, it can simulate the mechanical behavior of oral mucosa, and is used in cleft lip surgical training models and preoperative evaluation for temporal bone defect reconstruction. In the field of wearable devices, leveraging its encapsulation protection and flexible characteristics, highly sensitive sensors constructed from Ecoflex can monitor signals such as oral bite force and masticatory muscle activity, thereby aiding in the diagnosis of temporomandibular joint disorders and postoperative evaluation of cleft lip and palate. Moreover, when combined with bio-waste materials, it promotes the functionalization and sustainability of oral wearable devices.In drug delivery systems, its conformability and controlled-release capability address challenges in localized oral drug administration. Designs such as flexible microneedles and temperature-responsive composite systems provide precise solutions for treating periodontitis and oral ulcers. In minimally invasive surgical instruments, its softness enables the development of soft robots and magnetically controlled microfluidic valves, enhancing surgical safety and precision. In the field of oral rehabilitation, Ecoflex soft liner materials, inspired by the suction cup structure of octopus tentacles, improve denture retention. Their low modulus reduces mucosal irritation, ensuring both comfort and durability. Although Ecoflex shows great potential in biomedical applications, it still faces certain challenges, particularly regarding long-term stability after implantation, mechanical fatigue resistance, and microbial colonization, which require further investigation. In the future, with advancements in 3D printing technology, Ecoflex is expected to achieve more precise clinical translation across multiple fields and drive innovation in intelligent biomaterials.

Objective Taking cerebral ischemic disease as an example,it explores the use of doctors'actual diagnosis and treatment items under DRG payment,and analyzes the matching degree between actual diagnosis and treatment items and clinical pathways.Methods Based on the actual diagnosis and treatment items for patients with cerebral ischemic diseases,it sorted out their usage and cost proportion,built a diagnosis and treatment item pool,determined the basic diagnosis and treatment items based on expert consultation,and compared and matched them with clinical pathways.Results Among all the diagnosis and treatment items of cerebral ischemic diseases,only 21.27％had a utilization rate of more than 10％,but the cost accounted for 82.96％.42 diagnosis and treatment items were screened as basic diagnosis and treatment items.The degree of matching between laboratory inspection items and clinical pathways was high,but there were certain differences in drug treatment.Conclusion There are certain differences between actual diagnosis and treatment items and clinical pathways of cerebral ischemic diseases,and there are a large number of low-utilization items,some high-utilization items are not basic diagnosis and treatment items,and most of them are concentrated in laboratory inspection items.It is recommended to enhance the attention of clinical pathway under DRG payment and update and optimize it regularly,improve doctors'awareness of diagnosis and treatment based on clinical pathways,and improve the supervision and assessment mechanism of doctors'diagnosis and treatment behaviors,regularly update and optimize clinical pathways to improve their operability.

Objective To investigate the abnormal changes characteristics of the degree centrality(DC)of the brain functional network in patients with benign paroxysmal positional vertigo(BPPV)in the classical frequency band(0.010-0.080 Hz),the slow-4 frequency band(0.027-0.073 Hz),and the slow-5 frequency band(0.010-0.027 Hz).Methods Twenty patients with BPPV(BPPV group)and 14 healthy controls(HC)(HC group)were selected.Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging(rs-fMRI)scans were performed,and the clinical data were analyzed.The DC method was used to analyze the changes of centrality of resting state network in patients with BPPV.Results Compared with the HC group,the BPPV group showed an increase in DC in the left caudate nucleus in the classical frequency band(P＜0.05),and a decrease in DC in the right auxiliary motor region in the classical frequency band(P＜0.05);within the slow-4 frequency band,no significant differences were observed in brain regions(P＞0.05);within the slow-5 frequency band,the BPPV group showed an increase in DC in the left thalamus(P＜0.05),while the left anterior cingulate and paracingulate gyrus showed a decrease in DC(P＜0.05).Conclusion Patients with BPPV have spontaneous activity disorders in multiple brain regions at resting states,and these changes show frequency band specificity.

Pollen allergen-induced allergic rhinitis(AR),also known as seasonal allergic rhinitis(SAR),typically manifests during the period of pollen dissemination by anemophilous plants.The prevalence of SAR has more than doubled over the past three decades.The etiology of SAR is multifaceted,involving factors such as pollen allergens,environmental and climatic conditions,genetic predispositions,and the immunological status of the individual.Animal models provide a critical tool for elucidating the mechanisms underlying AR and advancing the development of effective preventive and therapeutic strategies.This review synthesizes the recent pertinent domestic and international literature on pollen-sensitized AR animal experiments.It systematically delineates the factors influencing the efficacy of these models,including the selection of animal strains,the production and associated challenges of sensitizing agents,specifically pollen antigens,the utilization and limitations of adjuvants,the procedural steps involved in model creation,and the method ologies for evaluating model effectiveness.The insights provided are intended to offer guidance and support for the development of appropriate animal models of pollen-induced AR,thereby facilitating both fundamental and applied research in this area.

Objective To summarize the perioperative nursing experience of a child with Angelman syndrome(AS)complicated with moderate scoliosis undergoing posterior 3-dimensional osteotomy correction,fusion,and internal fixation under general anesthesia.Methods The clinical data of the child with AS and moderate scoliosis who underwent surgical treatment in our hospital on Aug.4,2023,were analyzed.A multidisciplinary team was established upon admission.Relevant literatures and evidences were reviewed to develop and implement a"1+X"nursing plan,which included 2 components:"1"(core perioperative nursing priorities for scoliosis)and"X"(multiple AS-related nursing issues and corresponding strategies).Results The surgery was successful,with stable postoperative conditions and significant improvement in spinal curvature.The child's height increased by 7 cm.Discharge occurred on postoperative day 10,with 100%follow-up compliance.The child regained preoperative independent walking ability during follow-up.Conclusion The"1+X"nursing protocol for AS complicated with scoliosis can effectively ensure perioperative safety and promote recovery,which providing insights for perioperative nursing care of other rare diseases complicated with scoliosis.

Objective:To investigate the association between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] levels and 24-h urinary calcium excretion (24-h UCaE) and hypercalciuria in Chinese adults.Methods:This cross-sectional study was conducted from March 2022 to March 2023 in nine cities in China and included 1 239 residents. Demographic characteristics were collected through questionnaires and physical examinations, fasting blood samples were assessed for bone metabolism indicators, and 24-h urine samples were used to determine the 24-h UCaE. Multiple linear regression analysis was used to explore the relationship between serum 25(OH)D and 24-h UCaE and bone metabolism indexes. The relationship between serum 25(OH)D and hypercalciuria was analyzed using a multiple logistic regression model combined with restricted cubic spline modeling.Results:The mean participant age was (47.9±18.1) years, of which 453 (36.6%) were male. The percentages of vitamin D sufficiency, insufficiency, and deficiency were 7.6% (94/1 239), 29.0% (359/1 239), and 63.4% (786/1 239), respectively. The multiple linear regression model showed that after adjusting for the covariates the 24-h UCaE gradually increased with higher levels of 25(OH)D ( P overall <0.001, P nonlinear <0.001). The logistic regression analysis revealed that compared with the vitamin D deficient group, the OR for the prevalence of hypercalciuria in the vitamin D sufficient and vitamin D insufficient groups were 3.290 (95% CI 1.745 to 6.202) and 3.742 (95% CI 2.458 to 5.697), respectively. The results of the restricted cubic spline modeling showed a positive nonlinear relationship between 25(OH)D and the prevalence of hypercalciuria ( P overall <0.001, P nonlinear <0.001). The prevalence of hypercalciuria increased when 25(OH)D was >17.00 μg/L and peaked at 26.71 μg/L, after which there was a decreasing trend in the prevalence of hypercalciuria with increasing 25(OH)D. Conclusion:Associations between serum 25(OH)D levels and urinary calcium excretion and the prevalence of hypercalciuria were observed in the Chinese adult population.

Objective:To investigate the longitudinal stability of the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), and the Activity of Daily Living Scale (ADL).Methods:The longitudinal cognitive assessment results of 68 dementia patients admitted to the Dementia and Leukoencephalopathy Outpatient Clinic, Department of Neurology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, from January 2021 to January 2024, were retrospectively analyzed, including the total and sub-items scores of the MMSE, MoCA, and ADL. Two different rules were applied to analyze the abnormality rates: rule 1, where the current test result being better than the previous one was considered an abnormality; rule 2, where the current test result being better than the previous average score was considered an abnormality (If a patient had only 2 cognitive assessments, rule 2 was considered the same as rule 1). Two rules were used to analyze the abnormality rates of the scales. The statistical analyses were repeated after excluding patients with possible anxiety and depression status.Results:In assessing the total score stability, MMSE showed the lowest abnormality rates [27.2% (31/114) under rule 1 and 29.8% (34/114) under rule 2], while MoCA had the highest abnormality rates [41.3% (26/63) and 46.0% (29/63), respectively]. The ADL abnormality rates were 27.7% (23/83) and 33.7% (28/83), respectively. Among MoCA sub-items, category cue, multiple choice cue, second memory trial, orientation, and clock showed higher abnormality rates [31.7%(20/63), 30.2%(19/63), 23.8%(15/63), 22.2%(14/63), 22.2%(14/63), respectively]. After excluding population with possible anxiety and depression status, the relative abnormality rates of MMSE and ADL sub-items did not significantly change, while the abnormality rate of orientation in MoCA sub-items decreased relatively.Conclusion:The MMSE and ADL exhibit good stability in long-term monitoring of dementia patients, serving as essential tools for assessing and following up cognitive changes.

Objective:To investigate the effects of lipids and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in Artemisia pollen on the induction of allergic rhinitis in a murine model. Methods:BALB/c mice were randomly divided into seven groups using the random number table method as follows: defatted pollen group (TZ group, n=5), defatted pollen+ LPS group (TZLPS group, n=5), non-defatted pollen group (WTZ group, n=5), non-defatted pollen+ LPS group (WTZLPS group, n=5), PBS group ( n=5), PBS+ LPS group (PBSLPS group, n=5), and blank control group ( n=6). On days 1, 8, and 15, the mice in the TZ and TZLPS groups received a subcutaneous injection in the neck region with 0.1 ml of defatted Artemisia pollen extract (20 μg/ml); the WTZ and WTZLPS groups were administered 0.1 ml of non-defatted Artemisia pollen extract (20 μg/ml), while the PBS and PBSLPS groups were injected with 0.1 ml of PBS (0.1 mol/L). From days 22 to 28, the mice were subjected to intranasal challenge to induce allergic rhinitis symptoms. The TZ, WTZ, and PBS groups received nasal administration of 10 μl per nostril of defatted Artemisia pollen extract (500 μg/ml), non-defatted Artemisia pollen extract (500 μg/ml), and PBS (0.1 mol/L), respectively. For the TZLPS, WTZLPS, and PBSLPS groups, an additional 260 EU (5.2 μl) of LPS was co-administered per nostril alongside the corresponding base solutions. The blank control group received no intervention during this phase. The behaviors of the mice were observed; the levels of specific IgE, IgG1 and IgG2a in serum samples were detected by ELISA; the pathological changes in nasal mucosa and lung tissues were observed by HE staining, and the expression of both IL-4 and IL-5 was observed by immunohistochemistry. One-way analysis of variance and Kruskal-Wallis test were used for statistical analysis. Results:Following Artemisia pollen antigen challenge, the total TZ group (TZLPS group+ TZ group) exhibited significantly higher behavioral scores as compared with the total PBS group (PBSLPS group+ PBS group) and the blank control group (both P<0.001). Serum analysis revealed that the total TZ group showed markedly elevated levels of Artemisia-specific IgE compared with the total WTZ group (WTZLPS group+ WTZ group) and the total PBS group ( P<0.05, P<0.001), along with significantly higher IgG1 levels than the total PBS and blank control groups ( P<0.05, P<0.001), while no significant differences in IgG2a levels were observed among these groups (all P>0.05). In local inflammatory responses, eosinophil infiltration and IL-4/IL-5 expression in both nasal mucosa and lung tissues of mice in the total TZ group were significantly higher than those in the total PBS and blank control groups (all P<0.001). Notably, eosinophil counts in nasal mucosa of mice in the total TZ group surpassed those in the total WTZ group ( P<0.05), whereas no significant differences in IL-4/IL-5 expression in mouse nasal mucosa were detected between the total TZ and total WTZ groups (both P>0.05). LPS supplementation in pollen extracts showed no significant effects on the specific IgE, IgG1, or IgG2a levels in serum across groups (all P>0.05), nor did it alter eosinophil activation or IL-4 expression in mouse nasal mucosa (all P>0.05). However, compared with the TZ group, eosinophil counts and IL-4 expression in lung tissues of mice in the TZLPS group were significantly increased (both P<0.001). Conclusions:This study successfully establishes a mouse model of Artemisia pollen allergy, and finds that the defatting treatment of Artemisia pollen can induce more intense inflammatory response. The presence or absence of LPS in pollen has no significant effect on allergic inflammation in the nasal mucosa, but it can cause different degrees of damage to the lung tissues of mice.