Dry eye disease(DED)is a common ocular surface disorder worldwide, primarily characterized by a loss of homeostasis of the tear film, and frequently associated with meibomian gland dysfunction(MGD), decreased tear film stability, ocular discomfort, and visual impairment. In recent years, factors such as the widespread use of digital devices,the aging population, and environmental changes have contributed to a significant increase in its global prevalence, making it a major public health concern. Red light therapy(RLT), also known as low-level laser therapy(LLLT)or photobiomodulation(PBM), is a non-invasive treatment that utilizes low-energy red or near-infrared light to irradiate tissues. It exerts photobiomodulatory effects to promote cellular repair and functional recovery. This therapy has demonstrated considerable potential in treating various ocular conditions. Its broader clinical application could improve therapeutic outcomes, alleviate patient discomfort and financial burden, and reduce the consumption of healthcare resources, thereby yielding significant socio-economic benefits. This paper systematically reviews the multifaceted mechanisms and application prospects of RLT in managing DED, including its anti-inflammatory effects, improvement of meibomian gland function, promotion of conjunctival goblet cell repair, and alleviation of visual fatigue, aiming to provide a theoretical foundation and practical reference for its clinical adoption.

Abstract： ObjectiveThe study aims to explore the effects and regulatory roles of glucose transporter 1 （GLUT1） on the proliferation， migration， adhesion， and angiogenesis of human umbilical vein endothelial cells （HUVECs） under ischemia-hypoxic conditions. MethodsIn vitro experiments were conducted to subject HUVECs to an ischemia-hypoxic-mimicking environment （1% O₂， 5% CO₂， 94% N₂）. The biological characteristics of HUVECs under normoxic and ischemia-hypoxic conditions were compared by assessing cell viability， proliferation capacity， and examining the expression changes of GLUT1， HIF-1α， and VEGFA proteins under ischemia-hypoxia using Western blot technology. Further， GLUT1 was overexpressed using plasmid transfection and the proliferation， migration， adhesion， and angiogenic capabilities of HUVECs were evaluated through scratch assays， cell adhesion assays， and tube formation assays. Mitochondrial morphological changes were observed by transmission electron microscopy，and oxygen consumption rate （OCR） was detected by Seahorse metabolic analyzer to evaluate mitochondrial function. ResultsCompared with normoxic conditions， the ischemia-hypoxic environment significantly inhibited the proliferation， cell viability， migration， and adhesion capabilities of HUVECs and impaired their angiogenic potential. The expression levels of GLUT1， HIF-1α and VEGFA proteins were also markedly reduced. However， when GLUT1 expression was upregulated， the migration， adhesion， and angiogenic capabilities of HUVECs were significantly improved， and the protein expression levels of HIF-1α， VEGFA and VEGFR were increased. Transmission electron microscopy revealed that ischemic-hypoxia leads to mitochondrial swelling and matrix damage， while GLUT1 overexpression significantly alleviates mitochondrial morphology abnormalities. OCR results suggest that GLUT1 overexpression may enhance oxidative phosphorylation of endothelial cells in ischemic-hypoxic environments to improve energy metabolism. These results suggest that GLUT1 may influence the function and angiogenic potential of HUVECs by regulating glucose metabolism and energy supply. ConclusionsThis study reveals the significant regulatory role of GLUT1 in the function of HUVECs under ischemia-hypoxic conditions， potentially through modulating cellular energy metabolism and signal transduction pathways， thereby affecting cell proliferation， migration， adhesion， and angiogenesis. These findings provide a new perspective on the role of GLUT1 in cardiovascular diseases and may offer potential targets for the development of new therapeutic strategies.

Thyroid cancer is caused by multiple factors, including genetics, environment, metabolism, and the immune microenvironment, among which ionizing radiation exposure is an important risk factor for thyroid cancer. As one of the most sensitive target organs of ionizing radiation, the thyroid gland may have different risks of thyroid cancer caused by different types of ionizing radiation exposures, such as medical exposure, occupational exposure, and emergency exposure. The sensitivity of children and adolescents are higher than that of adults. The dose-response relationship still needs to be further explored. The molecular mechanism between ionizing radiation and the increased risk of thyroid cancer is complex, which may involve DNA damage and repair abnormalities, gene mutations, non-coding RNA regulation, DNA methylation, cell cycle regulation imbalance, and immune microenvironment changes. This article reviews the risk and molecular mechanisms associated with different types of ionizing radiation exposure in thyroid cancer, based on literature retrieved from CNKI and PubMed databases. It aims to provide a theoretical basis for the early monitoring, prevention, and intervention of thyroid cancer related to ionizing radiation exposure.

OBJECTIVE: To explore the improvement effect of electroacupuncture (EA) based on Xingnao Kaiqiao acupuncture (acupuncture for regaining consciousness and opening orifices) on cognitive impairment in mice with Parkinson's disease (PD), and to explore its regulatory mechanisms on the kinesin family member 5A (KIF5A)/mitochondrial Rho GTPase 1 (Miro1) pathway and mitophagy in prefrontal cortical neurons. METHODS: A total of 70 male C57BL/6J mice of clean grade were randomly divided into a normal group (12 mice), a sham operation group (12 mice), and a model pre-screening group (46 mice). Unilateral stereotaxic injection of 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) into the medial forebrain bundle was adopted to establish the PD model in the model pre-screening group. Twenty-four mice after successful modeling were randomly selected and divided into a model group and an EA group, 12 mice in each one. In the EA group, acupuncture was applied at "Shuigou" (GV26) and bilateral "Sanyinjiao" (SP6) and "Neiguan" (PC6), ipsilateral "Sanyinjiao" (SP6) and "Neiguan" (PC6) were connected to EA respectively, with disperse-dense wave, 5 Hz/20 Hz in frequency, 0.5 mA in current intensity, 20 min a time, 6 times a week for 30 days. Cognitive function was assessed by Y-maze and Morris water maze tests; morphology of prefrontal cortex was observed by H.E. staining; reactive oxygen species (ROS) level in prefrontal cortex was detected by fluorescence probe method; mitochondrial morphology and autophagosome ultrastructure were observed by transmission electron microscopy; the mRNA expression of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) was detected by quantitative real-time PCR; the protein expression of TH, KIF5A, Miro1, p62, Parkin and PTEN induced kinase 1 (PINK1) was detected by Western blot. RESULTS: Compared with the sham operation group, both the model group and the EA group exhibited increased rotation number of per minute (P<0.001). Compared with the sham operation group, in the model group, the novel arm exploration time of Y-maze test was shortened (P<0.001), the escape latency of Morris water maze test was prolonged (P<0.05) and the platform crossing number of Morris water maze test was reduced (P<0.01); in the prefrontal cortex, the number of cellular vacuole and neurons with karyopyknosis was increased (P<0.001), and mitochondrial autophagosomes could be observed; in the prefrontal cortex, the relative expression of ROS was increased (P<0.001), the protein and mRNA expression of TH was decreased (P<0.001), the protein expression of Miro1, PINK1, Parkin was increased (P<0.001, P<0.01), the protein expression of KIF5A and p62 was decreased (P<0.001). Compared with the model group, in the EA group, the novel arm exploration time of Y-maze test was prolonged (P<0.01), the escape latency of Morris water maze test was shortened (P<0.05) and the platform crossing number of Morris water maze test was increased (P<0.05); in the prefrontal cortex, the number of cellular vacuole and neurons with karyopyknosis was decreased (P<0.001), and the number of mitochondrial autophagosomes reduced and the mitochondrial morphology was improved; in the prefrontal cortex, the relative expression of ROS was decreased (P<0.01), the protein and mRNA expression of TH was increased (P<0.001, P<0.01), the protein expression of Miro1, PINK1, Parkin was decreased (P<0.001, P<0.01, P<0.05), the protein expression of KIF5A and p62 was increased (P<0.01, P<0.05). CONCLUSION Xingnao Kaiqiao electroacupuncture effectively alleviates cognitive impairment and damage of neuronal function in PD mice, its mechanism may be related to the regulation of KIF5A/Miro1 pathway, hence reducing the mitophagy in prefrontal cortical neurons.
Animals ; Electroacupuncture ; Male ; Mice ; Parkinson Disease/physiopathology* ; Cognitive Dysfunction/psychology* ; Kinesins/genetics* ; Humans ; Mitophagy ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; rho GTP-Binding Proteins/genetics* ; Mitochondria/genetics* ; Prefrontal Cortex/metabolism*

Objective To provide precise,effective,and intuitive nutritional and dietary recommendations for different population groups,a multi-modal nutritional knowledge graph was constructed,which includes entities such as food,nutrition,population,and diseases.Methods Data sets in the field of nutrition were obtained using web crawling and other technical means.The OneRel model was referenced to complete the joint extraction of Chinese entity relationships and construct a text library.The RoBERTa-ResNet model were used to learn the features of text and image data separately,to align images with text,and to construct a multi-modal knowledge graph.Results The F1 value of the joint entity relationship extraction model was 0.703.The constructed multi-modal knowledge graph contains 3312 textual entities,11 259 relationships,and 1000 image entities.Conclusion The algorithms used in this study to construct the multi-modal nutritional knowledge graph achieve good results.This knowledge graph not only systematically integrates multi-modal knowledge in the field of nutrition and enables good visual query capabilities,but also serves as the underlying support for downstream tasks such as intelligent question answering and nutritional recommendation systems.

Objective:To evaluate the clinical value of high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) viral load for the cervical cancer screening and triage of high-risk HPV positive populations without additional tests.Methods:(1) This study conducted a retrospective analysis of 29 720 women aged 35-64 years who received cervical cancer screening in Quanzhou, China, in 2021. Fourteen high-risk HPV types (including HPV 16, 18, 31, 33, 35, 39, 45, 51, 52, 56, 58, 59, 66, and 68) were detected for cervical cancer primary screening using hybrid capture-chemiluminescence method. High-risk HPV positive samples were further subjected to HPV 16/18 genotyping using hybrid capture-chemiluminescence method. Among them, HPV 16/18 positive women were directly referred to colposcopy, while the other 12 high-risk HPV positive samples were further subjected to liquid based cytology test. Those with abnormal or suspicious cytology were referred to colposcopy. Biopsies were taken for histopathological examination of suspicious or abnormal individuals under colposcopy. (2) Ten cases of colposcopy loss or refusal to undergo examination were excluded, and the data from the 29 710 cases were analyzed. The HPV viral loads of the other 12 high-risk HPV positive populations were focused and evaluated their HPV viral loads for further cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) Ⅱ and above lesions (CINⅡ +) triage in cervical cancer screening. Results:(1) Among 29 720 women, 2 487 women (8.37%, 2 487/29 720) were positive for high-risk HPV, including 807 women (2.72%, 807/29 720) were positive for HPV 16/18 and 1 680 patients (5.65%, 1 680/29 720) were positive for the other 12 high-risk HPV types. Among 1 680 women who tested positive for the other 12 high-risk HPV types, 573 patients were atypical squamous cell carcinoma of unclear significance or above, 346 patients were CIN Ⅰ, 122 patients were CIN Ⅱ-Ⅲ, 9 patients were squamous cell carcinoma patients, and 4 patients were adenocarcinoma in situ. The immediate risk of CIN Ⅱ + in HPV 16/18 positive women (11.13%) was approximately four times higher than that of other 12 high-risk HPV positive women (2.74%). (2) Through the viral load analysis of the other 12 high-risk HPV types, we found that the viral load of the other 12 high-risk HPV provide a good value for the pathological results, with a clinical cutoff (CO) value of 11.21 relative light unit/CO (RLU/CO) for the CINⅡ + detection. Except for HPV 16/18 positive patients, when the viral load values of the other 12 high-risk HPV types were greater than 10 RLU/CO, these patients had a higher risk of CINⅡ +, with a positive predictive value of 31.29%. CINⅡ + was not found in any of the other 12 high-risk HPV positive with viral load values less than or equal to 10 RLU/CO. Conclusions:Using hybrid capture-chemiluminescence HPV tests for HPV 16/18 genotyping, combined with the viral loads (>10 RLU/CO) of the other 12 high-risk HPV analysis, one could triage HPV positive population without additional tests. Such triage strategy could promote the coverage of cervical cancer screening, particularly where cytology pathologists or economic resources are limited.

Precise management of the activity dose is a core component of the(early mobilization,EM)plan for ICU patients.However,the lack of clinical practice guidelines related to EM dose of existing programs hinders the implementation and development of EM in ICU patients to some extent.Therefore,this review focuses on 4 aspects,covering the definition of activity dose,assessment tools,the current clinical implementation status,and implications for future nursing.The aim is to systematically review the assessment tools and intervention strategies for the activity dose of EM in ICU patients,providing a reference for optimization of EM programs.

OBJECTIVE Analyze the nasal nitric oxide(NNO)of CRS children,and explore the clinical value of NNO in the diagnosis and treatment of CRS in children.METHODS CRS children diagnosed in the outpatient clinic were selected,and were divided into CRS with and without AR according to their allergen results.VAS score and NNO test were performed for them.Healthy children during the same period were selected as the control group.Finally their results were compared and analyzed.RESULTS The NNO of CRS children with and without AR were(193±62)ppb and(138±49)ppb,both lower than the control group's[(243±51)ppb];There were negative correlations between NNO and VAS scores in CRS children without AR before and after treatment;The NNO of CRS children with and without AR were significantly increased after treatment(P<0.05);NNO has high predictive value for diagnosing CRS children without AR(P<0.01).CONCLUSION The levels of NNO in different types of CRS were lower than normal,and CRS children without AR was lower than those with AR.NNO could assist in the diagnosis of CRS,dynamically reflect the severity of nasal inflammation,and help to distinguish the allergic status of CRS.

Objective To investigate the requirement of blood sugar management in elderly patients with Type Ⅱ diabetes and to provide a reference for development of a program in management of blood sugar.Methods Using interpretive decriptive phenomenological research,an interview outline based on the theoretical domain framework was developed and face-to-face semi-structured interviews were conducted with 16 aged patients who had Type Ⅱ diabetes in the Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism of a Grade ⅢA hospital in Jiangxi Province.The participants were selected by purposive sampling.Colaizzi 7-step analytical method,in conjunction with Nvivo 11 software,was used to analyse,summarise and extract the themes.Results Seven themes related to the theoretical domain framework were extracted,which included knowledge,skills,environmental context and resources,behavioural adjustment,motivation and goals,emotions and self-efficacy.After refinement,nine sub-themes on major requirement for blood glucose management were extracted,which included the requirements for knowledge and skills in blood sugar management,support from the community and healthcare resources,support from the family,changes in maladaptive behaviours,individualised blood sugar management,motivation for self-management,clarity in goals of blood sugar control,emotional support and psychological adjustment,and support for strengthened beliefs(9 sub-themes).Conclusion Elderly patients with Type Ⅱ diabetes have diverse and individualised needs in management of blood sugar.In the future,healthcare staff should develop appropriate strategies or programs to meet the individual needs of patients by addressing the actual needs of patients,improving the self-management behaviours of patients so as to improve the effects of the blood sugar control.

Objective To compare ferroptosis characteristics and motor dysfunction across different mouse models of Parkinson's disease(PD).Methods Animal models of PD were divided into five groups:the control group,sham-operated group,6-hydroxydopamine(6-OHDA)group,1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyri-dine(MPTP)group,and lipopolysaccharide(LPS)group.Differences in ferroptosis-related features and motor dysfunction across these groups were evaluated through behavioral observation,histopathological examination,protein analysis,and assessment of lipid peroxidation and oxidative stress levels.Results In all three model groups,the number of TH-positive neurons in the substantia nigra on the lesioned side was significantly reduced,accompanied by evident neuronal degeneration and a marked decrease in Nissl bodies.Behavioral assessments revealed that the 6-OHDA group displayed the most severe motor deficits.In the substantia nigra,FTH1 protein expression was significantly downregulated in the 6-OHDA,LPS,and MPTP groups(P<0.01,P<0.05,P<0.01),respectively,while GPX4 expression was also reduced(P<0.001,P<0.001,P<0.01).Malondialdehyde(MDA)levels were significantly elevated in both the 6-OHDA and MPTP groups(P<0.05,P<0.05).Glutathione(GSH)assays demonstrated markedly reduced levels in the 6-OHDA,MPTP,and LPS groups(P<0.01,P<0.001,P<0.001).Reactive oxygen species(ROS)detection revealed a significant increase in the MPTP and LPS groups(P<0.05,P<0.05).Conclusion The 6-OHDA model is well suited for studying PD-related behaviors and the underlying mechanisms of motor symptoms,the MPTP model is particularly effective for investigating the ferroptosis pathway,and the LPS model serves as a valuable complement for research on neuroinflammation mechanisms.