Organ transplantation has been an important means of rescuing the lives of end-stage patients with organ failure. However, an acute shortage of donor organs has become a common dilemma for organ transplantation all over the world so as to seriously restrict the development of organ transplantation. Many foreign countries have established a relatively mature organ donation system to foster favorable conditions for alleviating a shortage of donor organs. This review summarized the global measures and current domestic efforts of facilitating organ donation to provide theoretical rationales for further optimizing organ donations and transplantation system in China.

"Xuanfu",as the microscopic structure in TCM theory of visceral manifestations,spreads all over the human body.The microscopic pathological changes of acute ulcerative colitis are manifested as cryptic abscesses or even structural disorders of the colon.Its damp heat accumulates in the large intestine,and the pathogenic characteristics of the large intestine coincides with the concept of"Xuanfu"that likes opening and avoiding closing.The functions of the mechanical barrier and mucus barrier in the intestinal crypt are very similar to the characteristics of the"Xuanfu",which can provide morphological basis for the"Xuanfu"theory of the intestine.The method of clearing away and opening the"Xuanfu"can inhibit the"Xuanfu closed"state of the intestine caused by the accumulation of damp and heat,and promote the guiding role and theoretical support of the"Xuanfu-crypt"theory in the treatment of early crypt lesions of ulcerative colitis.

Emerging research suggests a potential association of progression of Alzheimer's disease(AD)with al-terations in synaptic currents and mitochondrial dynamics.However,the specific associations between these pathological changes remain unclear.In this study,we utilized Aβ42-induced AD rats and primary neural cells as in vivo and in vitro models.The investigations included behavioural tests,brain magnetic resonance imaging(MRI),liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry(UPLC-MS/MS)analysis,Nissl staining,thioflavin-S staining,enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay,Golgi-Cox staining,trans-mission electron microscopy(TEM),immunofluorescence staining,proteomics,adenosine triphosphate(ATP)detection,mitochondrial membrane potential(MMP)and reactive oxygen species(ROS)assess-ment,mitochondrial morphology analysis,electrophysiological studies,Western blotting,and molecular docking.The results revealed changes in synaptic currents,mitophagy,and mitochondrial dynamics in the AD models.Remarkably,intervention with Dengzhan Shengmai(DZSM)capsules emerged as a pivotal element in this investigation.Aβ42-induced synaptic dysfunction was significantly mitigated by DZSM intervention,which notably amplified the frequency and amplitude of synaptic transmission.The cognitive impairment observed in AD rats was ameliorated and accompanied by robust protection against structural damage in key brain regions,including the hippocampal CA3,primary cingular cortex,prelimbic system,and dysgranular insular cortex.DZSM intervention led to increased IDE levels,augmented long-term potential(LTP)amplitude,and enhanced dendritic spine density and length.Moreover,DZSM intervention led to favourable changes in mitochondrial parameters,including ROS expression,MMP and ATP contents,and mitochondrial morphology.In conclusion,our findings delved into the realm of altered synaptic currents,mitophagy,and mitochondrial dynamics in AD,concurrently highlighting the therapeutic potential of DZSM intervention.

OBJECTIVE: To compare the therapeutic effect between acupuncture combined with ibuprofen sustained-release capsule and simple ibuprofen sustained-release capsule on chronic pelvic pain (CPP) after pelvic inflammatory disease (PID). METHODS: A total of 144 patients were randomized into an observation group (72 cases, 10 cases dropped off) and a control group (72 cases, 9 cases dropped off). Ibuprofen sustained-release capsule was given orally in the control group, one capsule a time. On the basis of the treatment in the control group, acupuncture was applied at Guanyuan (CV 4), Shuidao (ST 28), Guilai (ST 29), Shenshu (BL 23) and Ciliao (BL 32), and Shuidao (ST 28), Guilai (ST 29), Shenshu (BL 23) and Ciliao (BL 32) were connected to electroacupuncture in the observation group. The treatment was given 10 days before menstruation, once a day for 3 menstrual cycles in both groups, and the follow-up was adopted 3 menstrual cycles after treatment. The visual analogue scale (VAS) scores of hypogastrium and lumbosacral region before treatment, after treatment, and at the follow-up, the score of local signs and the score of World Health Organization quality of life questionnaire-brief version (WHOQOL-BREF) before and after treatment were observed in the both groups. RESULTS: After treatment and at the follow-up, the VAS scores of hypogastrium and lumbosacral region were decreased compared before treatment in both groups ( CONCLUSION Acupuncture combined with ibuprofen sustained-release capsule can effectively improve the symptoms, signs and quality of life in patients with CPP after PID, the therapeutic effect is superior to simple ibuprofen sustained-release capsule.
Acupuncture Points ; Acupuncture Therapy ; Female ; Humans ; Pelvic Inflammatory Disease/etiology* ; Pelvic Pain/etiology* ; Quality of Life ; Treatment Outcome

OBJECTIVE: To observe the effect of electroacupuncture (EA) on chronic pelvic pain in patients with sequelae of pelvic inflammatory disease. METHODS: A total of 144 patients with chronic pelvic pain were randomly divided into an observation group (72 cases, 10 cases dropped off) and a control group (72 cases, 9 cases dropped off). The patients in the control group were treated with ibuprofen sustained-release capsules 10 days before menstruation, 0.3 g each time, once a day. On the basis of the treatment of the control group, the patients in the observation group were treated with EA at Guanyuan (CV 4), Shuidao (ST 28), Guilai (ST 29), Shenshu (BL 23) and Ciliao (BL 32), disperse-dense wave, 2 Hz/15 Hz of frequency, once a day. The patients in both groups were treated for 10 days per menstrual cycle for 3 menstrual cycles. The visual analogue scale (VAS) scores of lower abdomen and lumbosacral area, local sign score, quality of life scale score and pain disappearance rate were compared between the two groups before and after treatment. RESULTS: The VAS scores of lower abdomen and lumbosacral area as well as each item score and total score of local signs in the observation group after treatment were significantly lower than those before treatment and those in the control group ( CONCLUSION EA can relieve the pain symptoms in patients with chronic pelvic pain and improve their quality of life.
Acupuncture Points ; Analgesics ; Electroacupuncture ; Female ; Humans ; Pelvic Inflammatory Disease/therapy* ; Pelvic Pain/therapy* ; Quality of Life

Objective　To study the effects of hypokalemia and hyponatremia on the short-term prognosis of patients with acute ischemic stroke. Methods　A total of 108 patients who were admitted to Fushun Central Hospital and received intravenous thrombolysis from November 2018 to May 2019 were selected，including acute ischemic stroke patients（45 cases） and acute ischemic brain. Patients with stroke with hyponatremia（36 cases） and acute ischemic stroke with hypokalemia（27 cases）. The three groups of patients were compared with the NIHSS score before thrombolysis，24 hours after thrombolysis，and 3 days after thrombolysis. Are there differences in mRs scores and bleeding conversion rates at 14 days? The hypokalemia component was group A（mild hypokalemia），group B（moderate hypokalemia），and group C（severe hypokalemia），and the hyponatremia component was group a（mild hyponatremia）. Groups B，B（moderately low sodium），and C（severe low sodium），compared the NIHSS scores before thrombolysis，24 hours after thrombolysis，and 3 days，and whether there were differences in mRs scores 14 days after thrombolysis. Results　There was no significant difference in the NIHSS scores before thrombolysis in the three groups（P>0.05）. The NIHSS scores of the three groups decreased after 24 hours，3 days，and the mRs scores after 14 days，with hyponatremia. The decline in thrombolytic patients was not as good as the other two groups，and the difference was statistically significant（P<0.05）. There was no significant difference in bleeding conversion rates among the three groups（P>0.05）. There were no significant differences in the NIHSS scores before thrombolysis，24 hours after thrombolysis，and 3 days，and the mRs scores at 14 days after thrombolysis（P>0.05）. Comparing the three groups a，b，and c，there were significant differences in NIHSS scores at 24 hours and 3 days after thrombolysis，and mRs scores at 14 days after thrombolysis（P<0.05）. Conclusion　Hyponatremia is associated with acute ischemic stroke The short-term prognosis of thrombolytic patients has adverse effects，and the lower the blood sodium concentration，the greater the impact.

Objective:To investigate the epidemiological characteristics and current status of surgical management for esophageal cancer in China.Methods:A national database was setup through a network platform. The clinical data of esophageal cancer treated by surgery was collected from 70 major hospitals in China between January 2009 and December 2014.Results:Complete data of 8 181 cases of esophageal cancer patients who underwent surgery were recorded in the database and recruited in the analysis. Among them, 6 052 cases were male and 2 129 were female, the average age was 60.5 years.The epidemiological investigation results showed that 148 cases (1.8%) had history of psychological trauma, 7 527 cases (92.0%) were lower social economic status, 5 072 cases (62.0%) were short of fresh vegetables and fruits, 6 544 cases (80.0%) ate rough food frequently, 3 722 cases (45.5%) drank untreated water directly from lake or river or shallow well, 3 436 cases (42.0%) had a unhealthy eating habit, including habits of eating food fast (507 cases, 6.2%), eating hot food or drinking hot tea/soup (998 cases, 12.2%), eating fried food (1 939 cases, 23.7%), 4 410 cases (53.9%) had the habits of smoking cigarettes and 2 822 cases (34.5%) drank white wine frequently.The pathological results showed that 7 813 cases (95.5%) were squamous cell carcinoma, 267 cases were adenocarcinoma (3.3%), 25 cases were adenosquamous cell carcinoma (0.3%) and 50 cases were small cell carcinoma (0.6%). A total of 1 800 cases (22.0%) received preoperative neoadjuvant therapy due to locally advanced disease or difficulty of resection. The esophagectomies were performed through left thoracotomy approach in 5 870 cases (71.8%), through right chest approach in 2 215 cases (27.1%), and the remain 96 cases (1.2%) received surgery though other approaches.A total of 8 001 cases (97.8%) underwent radical resection, the other 180 cases (2.2%) received palliative resection. The 30-day postoperative mortality rate was 0.5%, the overall ≥ grade Ⅱ postoperative complication rate was 11.6% (951 cases). The 1-yr, 3-yr, and 5-yr overall actual survival rates were 82.6%, 61.6%, and 52.9%, respectively.Conclusions:The data analysis of the national database for esophageal cancer shows that bad eating habits or eating rough food without enough nutrients, lower social and economic status, drinking white wine and smoking cigarettes frequently may be correlated with tumorigenesis of esophageal cancer. However, strong evidences produced by prospective observation studies are needed. Overall, the long-term survival of esophageal cancer patients has been improved gradually due to the application of advanced surgical techniques and reasonable multimodality treatment.

Objective:To investigate the epidemiological characteristics and current status of surgical management for esophageal cancer in China.Methods:A national database was setup through a network platform. The clinical data of esophageal cancer treated by surgery was collected from 70 major hospitals in China between January 2009 and December 2014.Results:Complete data of 8 181 cases of esophageal cancer patients who underwent surgery were recorded in the database and recruited in the analysis. Among them, 6 052 cases were male and 2 129 were female, the average age was 60.5 years.The epidemiological investigation results showed that 148 cases (1.8%) had history of psychological trauma, 7 527 cases (92.0%) were lower social economic status, 5 072 cases (62.0%) were short of fresh vegetables and fruits, 6 544 cases (80.0%) ate rough food frequently, 3 722 cases (45.5%) drank untreated water directly from lake or river or shallow well, 3 436 cases (42.0%) had a unhealthy eating habit, including habits of eating food fast (507 cases, 6.2%), eating hot food or drinking hot tea/soup (998 cases, 12.2%), eating fried food (1 939 cases, 23.7%), 4 410 cases (53.9%) had the habits of smoking cigarettes and 2 822 cases (34.5%) drank white wine frequently.The pathological results showed that 7 813 cases (95.5%) were squamous cell carcinoma, 267 cases were adenocarcinoma (3.3%), 25 cases were adenosquamous cell carcinoma (0.3%) and 50 cases were small cell carcinoma (0.6%). A total of 1 800 cases (22.0%) received preoperative neoadjuvant therapy due to locally advanced disease or difficulty of resection. The esophagectomies were performed through left thoracotomy approach in 5 870 cases (71.8%), through right chest approach in 2 215 cases (27.1%), and the remain 96 cases (1.2%) received surgery though other approaches.A total of 8 001 cases (97.8%) underwent radical resection, the other 180 cases (2.2%) received palliative resection. The 30-day postoperative mortality rate was 0.5%, the overall ≥ grade Ⅱ postoperative complication rate was 11.6% (951 cases). The 1-yr, 3-yr, and 5-yr overall actual survival rates were 82.6%, 61.6%, and 52.9%, respectively.Conclusions:The data analysis of the national database for esophageal cancer shows that bad eating habits or eating rough food without enough nutrients, lower social and economic status, drinking white wine and smoking cigarettes frequently may be correlated with tumorigenesis of esophageal cancer. However, strong evidences produced by prospective observation studies are needed. Overall, the long-term survival of esophageal cancer patients has been improved gradually due to the application of advanced surgical techniques and reasonable multimodality treatment.

Objective: To evaluate the feasibility and accuracy of deep learning in CT image segmentation and further lesion-volume assessment of spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage. Methods: A total of 1 223 cases of spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage including parenchymal hemorrhage, ventricular hemorrhage, subarachnoid hemorrhage and mixture hemorrhage, from April 2016 to April 2018 in Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, were retrospectively enrolled and analyzed. The patients were randomly divided into training set (905 cases), validation set (156 cases) and test set (162 cases), among each group, the number of parenchymal hemorrhage was 498, 107 and 100, respectively. The bleeding area manually outlined by physician was served as the reference standard to build the segmentation model and to evaluate the performance of the validation set. Patients were divided into 3 groups according to the volume calculated by reference standard. The volume of hematoma in group 1 was less than 5 ml, while group 2 was 5-25 ml, and group 3 was more than 25 ml. Comparison of the hematoma volume calculated by segmentation model and that calculated by ABC/2 formula was conducted in 97 simple intraparenchymal hemorrhage cases. Results: In 162 cases of test set, the Dice coefficients of the segmentation model were 0.87, 0.85, 0.67 and 0.77 in parenchymal hemorrhage, intraventricular hemorrhage, subarachnoid hemorrhage and mixture hemorrhage, respectively. The estimated hematoma volume in the 97 intraparenchymal hemorrhage cases calculated by the segmentation model was (29.55±37.69) ml, and that calculated by the ABC/2 formula was (24.04±31.22) ml. Compared with reference standard, the absolute errors of three segmentation model were (0.52±0.54), (1.53±1.22) and (7.93±8.49) ml in group 1, 2 and 3 respectively. The absolute errors of the ABC/2 formula were (0.68±0.60), (3.16±2.90) and (19.31±17.23) ml in group 1, 2 and 3. Conclusion Deep learning based segmentation model improved detection of intraparenchymal hematoma volume, compared with ABC/2 formula.

In the present research, 674 wild medicinal material samples of Phellodendri amurensis Cortex were collected from 31 sampling sites in the whole distribution of its original plant Phellodendron amurense. The samples were collected under the premise that the stem diameter of sampling plant, sampling position and time were controlled. And the sampling sites were set at the interval of a latitude. The content of 6 kinds of active ingredients, palmatine chloride, berberine hydrochloride, phellodendrine chloride, jatrorrhizine hydrochloride, magnoflorine, chlorogenic acid, etc in the medicinal material samples were determined, and the results showed that the content of most active ingredients in the medicinal materials showed significant differences due to the difference of sampling sites. Among them, the medicinal materials from Liaoning region had the highest content of active ingredients, followed by Beijing and Jilin regions, and that from Heilongjiang region had the lowest content. The study has important directive significance to the exploration of environmental factors for the formation of active constituent and artificial planting regionalization of high quality Phellodendri amurensis Cortex.