Porcine epidemic diarrhea (PED) is a major disease of pigs that inflicts heavy losses on the global pig industry. The etiologic agent is the porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV), which is assigned to the genus Alphacoronavirus in the family Coronaviridae. This review consists of five parts, the first of which provides a brief introduction to PEDV and its epidemiology. Part two outlines the passive immunity in new born piglets and the important role of colostrum, while the third part summarizes the characteristics of the immune systems of pregnant sows, discusses the concept of the "gut-mammary gland-secretory IgA(sIgA) axis" and the possible underpinning mechanisms, and proposes issues to be addressed when designing a PEDV live vaccine. The final two parts summarizes the advances in the R&D of PEDV vaccines and prospects future perspectives on prevention and control of PEDV, respectively.
Animals ; Antibodies, Viral ; Coronavirus Infections/veterinary* ; Female ; Immunization ; Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus ; Pregnancy ; Swine ; Swine Diseases/prevention & control* ; Viral Vaccines

ORF3 protein, the single accessory protein encoded by porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV), is related to viral pathogenicity. In order to determine the cytoplasmic location signal of PEDV ORF3, we constructed a series of recombinant plasmids carrying full-length or truncated segments of PEDV DR13 ORF3 protein. When the acquired plasmids were transfected into Vero cells, expression and distribution of the EGFP-fused full-length ORF3 protein and its truncated forms in the cells were observed by laser confocal microscopy. The results showed that ORF3 protein or their truncated forms containing 40-91 aa segment including two transmembrane domains were localized in the cytoplasm, whereas ORF3 truncated peptides without the 40-91 aa segment were distributed in the whole cell (in both cytoplasm and nucleus). This suggests that the 40-91 aa is the key structural domain determining cytoplasmic location of PEDV ORF3 protein. The discovery provides reference for further clarifying intracellular transport and biological function of PEDV ORF3 protein.
Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Chlorocebus aethiops ; Coronavirus Infections ; virology ; Cytoplasm ; virology ; Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus ; genetics ; Protein Domains ; Swine ; Vero Cells ; Viral Proteins ; chemistry ; metabolism

Objective: To compare the sedation induced by target-controlled infusion of propofol with that by propofol-remifentanil in third molar exaction surgery. Methods: 60 patients for third molar exaction were divided randomly into 2 groups(n = 30): group P(propofol group) and group PR(propofol-remifentanil group). In group P,a titrated infusion of propofol was started until the OAA/S score had reached level 3 in the patients,then the surgery began. In group PR,a infusion of remifentanil with a target plasma concentration of 1 ng /ml and a titrated infusion of propofol was started until the OAA/S score had reached level 3,then the surgery began. In all patients,the heart rate,blood pressure,respiratory rate,oxyhemoglobin saturation and narcotrend index were recorded during the operation. The reactions of the patients in the operation were recorded. The satisfaction of the patients and surgeons was asked. Results: The respiratory rate and the oxyhemoglobin saturation in group PR was lower than those in group P(P ＜ 0. 05). No obvious adverse reaction was observed in the 2 groups. The satisfaction of the patients in the 2 groups was 30 /30 and 30 /30(P＞ 0. 05). Conclusion: The sedation induced by target-controlled infusion of propofol or propofol-remifentanil in third molar extraction is safe. The sedation under target-controlled infusion of propofol-remifentanil is better than that by propofol when inhalating oxygen.

Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) is one of the major etiologies responsible for the acute, highly contagious disease in the digestive tract of pigs, especially neonatal piglets. Since PEDV was first identified in Europe in the late 1970s, it has resulted in significant economic losses in many Asian swine-raising countries, including China. Recently, reverse genetics techniques including targeted RNA recombination, bacteria artificial chromosome system and in vitro ligation have been successfully used to manipulate the genome of PEDV, which providing new strategies for the clear delineation of the functions of the viral proteins, the mechanisms behind PEDV pathogenesis and the design of novel vaccines against PEDV. Here, we review the progresses of different reverse genetics platforms developed for PEDV and their applications, covering the roles of trypsin in PEDV propagation, functions of S and ORF3 protein and the development of next generation PED vaccines, and the perspectives of reverse genetics for PEDV.

Objective To study and analyze the CT and MRI findings of hepatic eosinophilic infiltration. Methods Twenty nine patients of hepatic eosinophilic infiltration who were confirmed by biopsy or clinical diagnosis were retrospectively analyzed. All the patients underwent CT and/or MRI scan. Twenty seven cases underwent upper abdominal CT plain scan and three phase enhanced scan, and 5 cases underwent upper abdominal MR plain scan and three phase enhanced scan, of which 3 cases underwent CT and MRI scan. Evaluations were made regarding to the numbers of lesion, distribution, size, shape, margin, density or signal characteristic, enhancement parttern and other special features. Pearson correlation analysis was used to analyze the correlation between the number of hepatic lesions and the number of eosinophils in peripheral blood. Results A total of 108 lesions of eosinophilic hepatic infiltration were observed in 29 cases, including 2 cases with single lesion and 27 cases with multiple lesions. Ninety five of the lesions were located in subcapsular parenchyma or surrounding the portal vein. Most subcapsular lesions were wedge-shaped(n=28). Lesions surrounding portal vein were round-shaped(n=32), while the hepatic parenchymal lesions were irregular or round-shaped(n=13). The mean size of lesion was 34 mm, ranging from 3 to 61 mm. The margin of all the lesions were obscure. The lesions showed slightly low density or isodensity on CT pre-contrast images. On MR pre-contrast images, lesions showed slightly low signal or isointense on T1WI, and hyperintense on T2WI. Branches of portal vein were found infilrated by all lesions. Tueleve cases showed“stripe sign”along the portal vein branches, 16 cases showed“halo ring sign”around the portal vein. Pearson analysis indicated a significant correlation between the number of eosinophilic hepatic infiltrated lesions and the increase of eosinophils in peripheral blood (r=0.783, P<0.05). Conclusion The imaging features of EHI had certain characteristics, especially in the three phase dynamic enhanced scanning, from which we can mainly find“progressive enhancement”,“portal vein sign”,“stripe sign”and“halo ring sign”.

Objective The aim of present study was to detect methylation rate of CpG unit of brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) promoter and to study the epigenetic mechanism of autism spectrum disorders (ASD).Methods Total of 12 ASD patients and 12 healthy controls were recruited.The methylation rate of CpG unit in BDNF promoter Ⅰ and Ⅳ were detected using Sequenom MassArray method.The methylation model,correlationship,evolutionary relationship of CpG units in BDNF promoter Ⅰ and Ⅳ were detected and compared between ASD patients and healthy controls.Results The methylation rate was identified in 17 and 8 CpG units in BDNF promoter][and BDNF promoter Ⅳ.A close correlation distance was detected in BDNF promoter Ⅰ CpG units 4,7,10,35,and BDNF promoter Ⅳ CpG units 11.12,14.BDNF promoter][CpG units 4,7,10,35,and BDNF promoter Ⅳ CpG units 11.12,14 could be clustered.ASD patients had a significant lower methylation rate in BDNF promoter Ⅰ CpG unit 5.6 and Ⅳ CpG units 3 and 15 compare with healthy controls (P＜0.05).Conclusions The DNA methylation rate in BDNF pronoter Ⅰ CpG unit 5.6 and Ⅳ CpG units 3 and 15 may be used as potential biomarkers of ASD.

Bilateral mandibular first molars of 36 rabbits were extracted.The tooth extraction wounds were treated by:platelet-rich fibrin +acellular dermal matrix(group A),platelet-rich fibrin(group B),acellular dermal matrix (group C) and without treatment (group D,the control) (n =9) respectively.The measurments of alveolar bone height and width showed that there were no significant differences among groups at different times(P ＞ 0.05).Bone histomorphometry showed that at the 2th and 4th week,the best result was found in group A(P＜0.01).While,at the 8th week,the result of group A was still better than that of other 3 ones (P ＜ 0.01),but group B and C showed no significant difference(P ＞ 0.05).The combination of PRF and ADM shows the most significant effect.

BACKGROUND:Currently, the enzymatic digestion combined with magnetic activated cel sorting for isolating microvascular endothelial cel s are cumbersome and do harm to cel s. Therefore, how to simplify the isolation and culture of human dermal microvascular endothelial cel s to obtain highly purified endothelial cel s in vitro becomes a hotspot.
OBJECTIVE:To explore a simple and effective cultivation method of microvascular endothelial cel s from diabetic patient skins in vitro, and to detect the cel growth.
METHODS:Diabetic patients with chronic foot wounds after amputation were enrol ed to col ect the limb proximal skin and topical skin around the wound superficial dermal tissue. Human dermal microvascular endothelial cel s were obtained using adherent method and trypsin method, fol oewd by purified utilizing trypsin digestion and repeated attachment method when passage culture.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Human dermal microvascular endothelial cells were obtained successfully, Primary cultured endothelial cells completely adhered to the wall at 24 hours, entered the logarithmic phase at the 10th day, and the cell concentration reached 80%at the 12th-13th day. While the passage cells grew more actively than primary cells, and fully covered the bottom in a“cobblestone”arrangement after 5-7 days of culture. Immunohistochemical staining showed that cultured cells were positive for FVIII and CD31-associated antigens with 100%positive rate. MTT assay showed that cell growth curves of 2, 4, and 5 generations of dermal microvascular endothelial presented the invertedSshape. These results suggest that abundant highly purified human dermal microvascular endothelial cells can be obtained through the adherent method and a small amount of short-term trypsin method.

Objective:To explore the influence of buccal corridor of Han people on smile esthetics.Methods:An attractive adult male and a adult female were selected as the models.Buccal corridor was altered digitally with slider technology of Adobe Flash CS4 to obtain a continuous range of buccal corridors(0% -25%).96 orthodontists aged 35.1 ±7.2 years and 96 laypersons aged 37.3 ± 5.1 years were chosen as the raters.The minimum tolerable value(A%),the ideal value(B%)and the maximum tolerable value (C%)of buccal corridor of the models were statistically analyzed.Results:In the orthodontist groupA,B and C of the male model were 5.00 ±0.1 7,9.75 ±2.77 and 1 5.00 ±2.84,in layperson group were 4.79 ±1 .00,9.20 ±3.08 and 1 5.05 ±2.91 ,respec-tively;in orthodontist group,A,B and C of the female model were 3.92 ±0.1 7,1 1 .87 ±2.77 and 1 5.82 ±2.84,in layperson group were 4.00 ±1 .00,1 2.05 ±3.08 and 1 5.1 1 ±2.91 ,respectively(all data between groups,P >0.05).The ideal buccal corri-dor value(%)of the male and female models were 9.48 ±2.73 and 1 1 .96 ±1 .99 respectively(P <0.05).Conclusion:There is no difference between orthodontists and laypersons for buccal corridor esthetic judgment.The ideal esthetic buccal corridor size of male and female is different.

Objective:To analyze the dental and mandibular asymmetry of adults with Class Ⅱ subdivision malocclusion.Methods:The jaw bones of 30 adults with Class Ⅱ subdivision malocclusion(case group)and 30 with normal-occlusion(control group)were scanned by CBCT.Linear and angular comparison was conducted between the two groups.Results:Dental midline deviation was ob-served in case group,mostly in mandibular arch (60%).The development of Class Ⅱ molar relationship correlated mainly to distally positioned mandibular molar on Class Ⅱ side.Conclusion:In the adults with Class Ⅱ subdvision malocclusion odontogenic asymme-try is the major factor,bony asymmetry is the miner.