BACKGROUND: Without timely and effective rehabilitation, hearing loss may profoundly affect human life quality. China has a large population of hearing-impaired individuals, which imposes a heavy health burden on society. Moreover, this population is projected to increase rapidly owing to China's aging society. METHODS: We used data from a population-representative epidemiological investigation of hearing loss and ear diseases in four Chinese provinces. We estimated the national prevalence using multiple linear regression of the age-group proportions and prevalence in 31 provinces with clustering analysis. We used years lived with disability (YLDs) to analyze the disease burden and forecasted the prevalence of hearing loss by 2060 in China. RESULTS: An estimated 115 million people had moderate-to-complete hearing loss in 2015 across the 31 provinces of China (8.4% of 1.37 billion people). Of these, 85.7% were older than age 50 years (99 million people) and 2.4% were younger than 20 years old (2.8 million people). Of all YLDs attributable to hearing loss, 68.9% were attributable to moderate-to-complete cases. By 2060, a projected 242 million people in China will have moderate-to-complete hearing loss, a 110.0% increase from 2015. CONCLUSIONS The hearing loss prevalence in China is high. Population aging and socioeconomic factors substantially affect the prevalence and severity of hearing loss and the disease burden. The prevalence and severity of hearing loss are unevenly distributed across different provinces. Future public health policies should take these trends and regional variations into account.
Humans ; China/epidemiology* ; Hearing Loss/epidemiology* ; Prevalence ; Middle Aged ; Male ; Female ; Adult ; Aged ; Adolescent ; Young Adult ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Infant ; Aged, 80 and over ; Cost of Illness

Understanding the connection between brain and behavior in animals requires precise monitoring of their behaviors in three-dimensional (3-D) space. However, there is no available three-dimensional behavior capture system that focuses on rodents. Here, we present MouseVenue3D, an automated and low-cost system for the efficient capture of 3-D skeleton trajectories in markerless rodents. We improved the most time-consuming step in 3-D behavior capturing by developing an automatic calibration module. Then, we validated this process in behavior recognition tasks, and showed that 3-D behavioral data achieved higher accuracy than 2-D data. Subsequently, MouseVenue3D was combined with fast high-resolution miniature two-photon microscopy for synchronous neural recording and behavioral tracking in the freely-moving mouse. Finally, we successfully decoded spontaneous neuronal activity from the 3-D behavior of mice. Our findings reveal that subtle, spontaneous behavior modules are strongly correlated with spontaneous neuronal activity patterns.
Animals ; Behavior, Animal ; Brain/diagnostic imaging* ; Imaging, Three-Dimensional/methods* ; Mice ; Neuroimaging ; Rodentia

In recent decades, surgical robots have made great progress and are widely used in many clinical departments.It can eliminate the doctor′s hands tremor, reducing postoperative complications and shortening the operation time due to the many advantages of robot such as stability, high precision and intelligence. Based on the huge economic benefits and good performance, the surgical robots have become a hot spot in the field of medicine and industry. Although no otologic robot has been approved for clinical use, many breakthroughs have been raised. This article reviewed the development of otologic robots in the past years and provided some ideas for future research.

Objective structured clinical examination (OSCE) is an important assessment method for examining clinical thinking and clinical skills of medical students. OSCE has been applied in the quarterly phase examination in our department. According to the characteristics of otolaryngology, three stations of common items and five stations for personalized tests were set in the assessment. According to the different training that residents received during their stay in the previous department, different contents were assessed in the station for personalized examination. During the OSCE, residents took turns entering into each examine station and teachers gave scores according to the marking criteria of different station. After the examinations, two-way assessment and feedback were conducted between students and teachers. Through the practice in standardized training of residents in recent years, we found that OSCE was more comprehensive and flexible than others, which gained good application effects.

Objective To explore the mechanism of the formation of glioma cells derived vessels (GCDV).Methods The tubular formation assay was performed on 3D cell cultures of U87,U251,U373,SF295,T98G,SKMG-4 and C6 glioma cell lines.The expression of Notch1 、Dll4 were examined by western blot analysis.Result The mean number of vasculogenic channels of cell lines C6,U373,U87,T98G,SF295,U251 and SKMG-4 per area (100×) were 25.2±5.0,36.4±3.2,19.0±2.2,12.6±2.4,4±2.2,0.2±0.4 and 0,respectively.The relative protein densities of Notchl in U87,U251,T98G,SF295,SKMG-4,C6 and U373 were 0.34,0.21,0.79,0.04,0.28,1.75 and 1.19,which were significantly related with the tubular formation ability (P＜0.05).However,the expression of Dll4 was not associated with tubular formation ability (P＞0.05).Conclusion Notch1 may play a key role in tubular formation of glioma cells while the role of Dll4 in the process needs further study.

Objective To investigate the predictive value of T,B,and NK lymphocyte subsets jointly detected in poor prognosis in patients with sepsis.Methods Totally 101 patients with sepsis were enrolled for prospective study.The percentages of lymphocyte sub-populations in peripheral blood were detected within 48 h after admission.The outcomes of patients during hospitalization were observed by follow-up study.The predictive value of lymphocyte sub-populations jointly detected in death risk was assessed.Results The percentages of CD3,CD3 +/CD4 + in patients with septic shock were lower than those in patients with mild/moderate sepsis and severe sepsis.The percentages of CD3+/CD8+,CD3-/CD19 +,CD4 +/CD8 + in patients with severe sepsis and septic shock were lower than those in patients with mild/moderate sepsis.The percentage of CD (16 +56) + in severe sepsis and septic shock was higher than that in mild/moderate sepsis group (P ＜ 0.05).The total number of monocytes in the deaths was higher than that in survivals.The percentages of CD3,CD3-/CD19 +,CD3 +/CD4 +,CD4 +/CD8 + were lower in deaths than those in survivals (P ＜ 0.05).The CD3-/CD19 +,CD3 +/CD8 and CD4 + / CD8 + were protective factors against sepsis with their OR values of 0.235,0.006 and 0.108,respectively.The ROC curve of lymphocyte subsets jointly detected,APACHE]] score and SOFA score to predict the risk of death were 0.993,0.877 and 0.848,respectively.The misjudgment rate of discriminating disease severity function of lymphocyte subgroups jointly detected was 19.8％,and that of outcomes was 4％.Conclusion The percentages of lymphocyte sub-populations in patients with sepsis is abnormal,and therefore,the lymphocyte subgroups jointly detected has value in the judgment of disease severity and prognosis in patients with sepsis.

OBJECTIVE: To describe our experience in the clinical manifestation and treatment of malignant tumors of the external and middle ear. METHOD: The study reviewed 39 patients between 1994-2011 in our hospital, including 15 pinna tumors, 18 external canal tumors and 6 middle ear tumors. 23 males and 16 females were enrolled in this study. The mean age of patients at the time of surgery was 59. Radiotherapy or radiotherapy and chemotherapy were the only possible treatment in 6 cases. Thirty-three patients were treated surgically, and 9 patients also received radiotherapy after surgery. RESULT: All of the patients had been followed up over 3 years, except for 1 case of external canal and 1 case of middle ear tumor. The 3-year survival of pinna, external canal and middle ear tumors were 86.7%, 82.4% and 60.0% respectively. At the last follow up, the pinna tumors showed that the survival rate was 100% in T1, T2 and Tx stage, and 0% in T4 stage; the external canal tumors showed that the survival rate was 90% in T1 stage, and 66.7% in T2, T3 stage; the middle ear tumors showed that the survival rate was 100% in T1 and T2 stage, 0% in T3 stage. CONCLUSION The T staging system is for an important prognostic factor, and it is important for an early diagnosis and radical surgery to achieve a better therapeutical result.
Ear Auricle ; pathology ; Ear Canal ; pathology ; Ear Neoplasms ; pathology ; Ear, Middle ; pathology ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Neoplasm Staging ; Retrospective Studies ; Survival Rate

OBJECTIVE: To explore the clinical characteristics, diagnosis and surgical management of tympanosclerosis. METHOD: The data of 73 patients who underwent surgery for tympanosclerosis were retrospectively analyzed with respects to the clinical characteristics, diagnosis and management. RESULT: Seventy-three patients with tympanosclerosis (involving 73 ears) , including 17 patients with sclerosis of tympanic membrane (type I), 23 patients with fixed Malleus-incus complex (type II), 8 (type III) with fixed stapes, and 25 (type IV) with extensive typannosclerosis. Sclerosis was seen most frequently in the malleus, incus and attic, followed by the tympanic membrane, incudomalleolar joint and other regions. Audiometry was performed for all the patients 1 weeks before and 1 year( the least) after operation, which were (51.70 ± 14.93)dB HL and (36.24 ± 11.58) dB HL respectively, with success rate 83% (61/73). CONCLUSION Most of the patients suffer from conductive hearing loss. Teatment of the sclerosis around stapes is a key point. Acording to the sites of lesion and hearing level, hearing structures should be reconstructed by the rules of tympanoplasty and stapes surgery.
Audiometry ; Ear, Middle ; pathology ; Hearing ; Hearing Loss, Conductive ; complications ; Humans ; Incus ; pathology ; Malleus ; pathology ; Myringosclerosis ; diagnosis ; surgery ; Retrospective Studies ; Stapes ; pathology ; Stapes Surgery ; Tympanic Membrane ; pathology ; Tympanoplasty

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the diagnostic value of modified Berlin questionnaire on predicting obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS)in Chinese adults. METHOD: Differ from the original version, BMI cut-off point was adjusted to 25.0 in modified Berlin questionnaire according to the Asia -Pacific obesity definition. A total number of 244 samples who experienced polysomnography (PSG) were included. After well informed, each patient finished questionnaire by an interview. The results of the original and modified questionnaires and polysomnography reports were compared with polysomnography reports to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of the modified Berlin questionnaire. RESULT: In male population, the sensitivity and specificity of original Berlin questionnaire were 74.03% and 65.71%, respectively. The percentage of diagnostic consistency was 72.49%, and Kappa coefficient was 0.304 (P < 0.01). In aspect of modified version, the sensitivity and specificity were 92.21% and 48.57%. The percentage of diagnostic consistency was 84.13%, and Kappa coefficient was 0.437 (P < 0.01). In female population, the sensitivity and specificity of original version were 50.00% and 61.90%, respectively. The percentage of diagnostic consistency was 54.55%, and Kappa coefficient was 0.110 (P > 0.01). When comes to the modified Berlin questionnaire, the sensitivity and specificity were 76.47% and 47.62% in female subjects, and the percentage of consistency agreement was 65.45%, with a Kappa coefficient 0.248 (P > 0.01). CONCLUSION Compared to the original version, the modified Berlin questionnaire has a better diagnostic consistency with a considerable sensitivity and specificity in male population. However, in female subjects group, the consistency of the modified Berlin questionnaire was still not significant remains unsatisfactory, although P value has been improved. Modified Berlin questionnaire could be. used as a primary screening tool for male OSAHS patients. However, but the screening questionnaire for female should still be need to be further explored.
Adult ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Obesity ; Polysomnography ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Sleep Apnea Syndromes ; diagnosis ; Sleep Apnea, Obstructive ; diagnosis ; Surveys and Questionnaires

OBJECTIVE: To study clinical characteristics, diagnosis, pathological types and therapy methods of nonsquamous cell neoplasm in subglottis, in order to improve comprehension of this rare disease. METHOD: To analysis 3 patients' clinical data with noosquamous cell neoplasm in subglottis by reviewing related literature, and to generalize the symptoms, differentiation and treatment experience of nonsquamous cell neoplasm in subglottis. RESULT: Among the 3 patients, one's main complain was hoarseness and the other two's main symptom was inspiratory dyspnea. As diagnosis was definite and acute obstruction of airway was relieved, the neoplasms were removed totally. Two patients were undergone operation through oral cavity by using suspended laryngoscope, and one patient was done surgery by neck approach. Paraffin wax result showed that one patient suffered epithelial-myoepithelial carcinoma, who received radiotherapy after surgery. There is no recurrence in all patients by following up more than 1 year. CONCLUSION The occurrence of nonsquamous cell neoplasm in subglottis is relatively low, and the subglottis should be inspected carefully to avoid missed diagnosis. Operation is the preferred method to treat this kind of disease. To choose a suitable operational manner according to size, location of the neoplasm is crucial.
Female ; Glottis ; pathology ; Humans ; Laryngeal Neoplasms ; diagnosis ; pathology ; surgery ; Male ; Middle Aged