This study investigated the effects and action mechanism of tannins from Galla chinensis cream(TGCC) on the skin wound of rat tail. Male Sprague Dawley(SD) rats were randomly divided into a control group, model group, model+low-dose TGCC(50 mg per rat) group, model+high-dose TGCC group(100 mg per rat), and model+TGC+FAK inhibitor(Y15) cream(100 mg+10 mg per rat) group, with 10 rats in each group. After the rat tail skin injury model was successfully constructed, in the treatment group, corresponding drugs were applied to the wound surface, while in the control and model groups, the same amount of cream base as the TGCC group was applied by the same method. Then, sterile gauze was wrapped around the wound edge, and these operations were performed three times a day for 28 consecutive days. The wound healing status at the third, seventh, eleventh, fourteenth, twenty-first, and twenty-eighth days was recorded, and the wound healing rate and healing time were calculated. On the day after the last dose of medication, rat serum and tail skin wound tissue were collected for analyzing the activities of serum alanine aminotransferase(ALT), aspartate aminotransferase(AST), creatinine(CREA), urea, reactive oxygen species(ROS), interferon gamma(IFN-γ), interleukin(IL)-1β, IL-6, IL-4, IL-10, tumor necrosis factor(TNF)-α, as well as catalase(CAT), glutathione(GSH), lactate dehydrogenase(LDH), malondialdehyde(MDA), myeloperoxidase(MPO), superoxide dismutase(SOD), total antioxidant capacity(T-AOC), platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1(CD31), and leukocyte differentiation antigen 34(CD34) in the wound tissue of rat tail skin. Hematoxylin-eosin, Masson, and sirius red staining were used to observe the morphological changes in the wound tissue of rat tail skin. The thickness of the epidermis, the number of fibroblasts and blood vessels, and the contents of collagen fibers, typeⅠ collagen(COLⅠ), and COLⅢ were calculated. The mRNA expressions of keratin 10(KRT10), KRT14, vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF), fibroblast growth factor(FGF), epidermal growth factor(EGF), CD31, CD34, matrix metallopeptidase-2(MMP-2), MMP-9, COLⅠ, COLⅢ, desmin, fibroblast specific protein 1(FSP1), IFN-γ, IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-4, IL-6, and IL-10 in skin wound tissue were determined by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction(PCR). Western blot was utilized to detect the protein expressions of KRT10, KRT14, VEGF, FGF, EGF, MMP-2, MMP-9, COLⅠ, COLⅢ, desmin, FSP1, focal adhesion kinase(FAK), phosphorylated focal adhesion kinase(p-FAK), phosphatidylin-ositol-3-kinase(PI3K), phosphorylated phosphatidylin-ositol-3-kinase(p-PI3K), protein kinase B(Akt), phosphorylated protein kinase B(p-Akt), mammalian target of rapamycin(mTOR), and phosphorylated mammalian target of rapamycin(p-mTOR). The results manifest that TGCC can dramatically elevate the healing rate of rat tail wounds and shorten wound healing time. Besides, it can reduce serum ROS levels, the contents of MDA, MPO, and LDH in the rat skin wound tissue, as well as the serum IFN-γ, IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α levels and the mRNA expression levels of IFN-γ, IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α in the skin wound tissue. It can elevate the activities of CAT, GSH, SOD, and T-AOC in wound tissue, the IL-4 and IL-10 contents in serum, and the mRNA expressions of IL-4 and IL-10 in the wound tissue. In addition, TGGC can inhibit inflammatory cell infiltration and increase the epidermal thickness, counts of fibroblasts and blood vessels, and contents of collagen fibers, COLⅠ, and COLⅢ. Besides, TGCC can elevate the mRNA and protein expressions of epidermal differentiation markers(KRT10 and KRT14), endothelial cell markers(CD31 and CD34), angiogenesis and fibroblast proliferation, differentiation markers(VEGF, FGF, EGF, COLⅠ, COLⅢ, desmin, and FSP1), reduce the mRNA and protein expressions of gelatinases(MMP-2 and MMP-9), and increase protein expressions of p-FAK, p-PI3K, p-Akt, p-mTOR, as well as ratios of p-FAK/FAK, p-PI3K/PI3K, p-Akt/Akt, and p-mTOR/mTOR. These results suggest that TGCC can significantly facilitate skin wound healing, and its mechanism may be related to the activation of the FAK/PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway, inhibition of inflammatory cell infiltration in skin wound tissue, elevation of epidermal thickness, counts of fibroblasts and vessels, and contents of collagen fiber, COLⅠ, and COLⅢ, and reduction of MMP-2 and MMP-9 expressions, thus accelerating wound healing.
Animals ; Male ; Wound Healing/drug effects* ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Signal Transduction/drug effects* ; TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases/genetics* ; Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases/genetics* ; Skin/metabolism* ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt/genetics* ; Tannins/pharmacology* ; Humans ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal/administration & dosage* ; Focal Adhesion Kinase 1/genetics*

As the brain's resident immune cells, microglia perform crucial functions such as phagocytosis, neuronal network maintenance, and injury restoration by adopting various phenotypes. Dynamic imaging of these phenotypes is essential for accessing brain diseases and therapeutic responses. Although numerous probes are available for imaging pro-inflammatory microglia, no PET tracers have been developed specifically to visualize anti-inflammatory microglia. In this study, we present an ¹⁸F-labeled PET tracer (QTFT) that targets the P2Y₁₂, a receptor highly expressed on anti-inflammatory microglia. [¹⁸F]QTFT exhibited high binding affinity to the P2Y₁₂ (14.43 nmol/L) and superior blood-brain barrier permeability compared to other candidates. Micro-PET imaging in IL-4-induced neuroinflammation models showed higher [¹⁸F]QTFT uptake in lesions compared to the contralateral normal brain tissues. Importantly, this specific uptake could be blocked by QTFT or a P2Y₁₂ antagonist. Furthermore, [¹⁸F]QTFT visualized brain lesions in mouse models of epilepsy, glioma, and aging by targeting the aberrantly expressed P2Y₁₂ in anti-inflammatory microglia. In a pilot clinical study, [¹⁸F]QTFT successfully located epileptic foci, showing enhanced radioactive signals in a patient with epilepsy. Collectively, these studies suggest that [¹⁸F]QTFT could serve as a valuable diagnostic tool for imaging various brain disorders by targeting P2Y₁₂ overexpressed in anti-inflammatory microglia.

Objective:To develop a predictive model for selecting patients with high-risk localized prostate cancer(HRLPC)who are suitable for preoperative maximum androgen blocking(MAB)therapy.Methods:This study was conducted among 96 patients with HRLPC who were diagnosed based on transrectal biopsy and underwent radical prostatectomy in Department of Urology,The First Af-filiated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University,from January 1,2021 to June 30,2024,and all patients received MAB therapy for 3 months before surgery and were followed up for 6 months after surgery.Related data were collected from all patients,including baseline demographic features,laboratory data,imaging findings,perioperative data,and follow-up information.At first,the association between prostate-specific antigen density(PSAD)stratification after MAB therapy and pathological and biochemical benefits was analyzed to determine the optimal PSAD group,then machine learning was used to identify important variables and establish a predictive model,and finally,the model was evaluated using the ROC curve,the calibration curve,and clinical applicability assessment.Results:The low PSAD group[PSAD<0.17 ng/(mL·cm3)]showed the best results of perioperative outcomes,pathological downgrading,the rate of undetectable PSA after-surgery,recovery from urinary incontinence,and PSA follow-up(P<0.05).The model was established based on prostate volume,low-density lipoprotein cholesterol,PSAD,smoking history,total cholesterol,PSA,and body mass index,and this predictive model had good performance(with an area under the ROC curve of 0.769)and showed a certain degree of clinical applica-bility.Conclusion:Patients in the low PSAD group tend to have better pathological and biochemical benefits.This study provides a re-liable predictive model to assist in the individualized treatment of patients with HRLPC.

Objective To analyze the lipid metabolism levels in patients with non-functional adrenal in-cidentalomas(NFAI)and the efficacy of different treatment approaches.Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on the clinical data,including clinical manifestations,metabolism-related diseases,lipid metabo-lism levels,and hormone levels,of 114 patients diagnosed with NFAI who sought medical attention at this hospital from September 2021 to June 2024.The patients were divided into the surgical group(receiving surgi-cal treatment)and the non-surgical group(receiving conservative treatment).The surgical group was further categorized into the normal lipid group and the dyslipidemia group based on preoperative lipid levels.Changes in lipid metabolism levels before and after treatment were compared between the surgical and non-surgical groups,as well as between the normal lipid and dyslipidemia groups,to evaluate the impact of NFAI on lipid metabolism.Results Among the 114 patients,76 were divided into the surgical group and 38 into the non-sur-gical group.The surgical group was further divided into 36 patients in the normal lipid group and 40 in the dyslipidemia group.In the surgical group,triglycerides(TG)and low-density lipoprotein(LDL)levels de-creased significantly after treatment compared to pre-treatment levels(P=0.007,0.002).In contrast,no sta-tistically significant difference was observed in the non-surgical group between pre-and post-treatment TG and LDL levels(P＞0.05).Compared with the non-surgical group,the surgical group showed a greater reduc-tion in TG and LDL levels before and after treatment(P=0.049,0.002).In the dyslipidemia group,TG and LDL levels returned to normal levels after treatment and significantly decreased compared to those before treatment,with statistical significance(P=0.007,0.001).However,in the normal lipid group,there was no statistically significant difference in TG and LDL levels before and after treatment(P=0.640,0.499).Com-pared with the normal lipid group,the dyslipidemia group showed a greater reduction in TG and LDL levels before and after treatment(P＜0.001,P=0.022).The final pathological results of patients in the surgical group included 59 cases of cortical adenoma,6 cases of cyst,7 cases of myelolipoma,and 4 cases of nodular hy-perplasia.In patients with cortical adenoma,the postoperative TG and LDL levels significantly decreased com-pared to those before surgery(P=0.008,0.014),while there was no statistically significant difference in TG and LDL levels before and after treatment in patients with cysts,myelolipomas,and nodular hyperplasia(P＞0.05).Conclusion NFAI may adversely affect lipid metabolism and is associated with elevated TG and LDL-C levels.Compared with conservative treatment,surgical resection can significantly reduce the body's TG and LDL levels and effectively improve abnormal lipid metabolism.

Objective Meta-analysis was performed to evaluate the clinical efficacy of fenestration decompression and curettage in the treatment of jaw cyst.Methods Randomized controlled trials comparing fenestration decompression and curettage in treatment of jaw cysts were retrieved from PubMed,Cochrane Library,CNKI,SinoMed,VIP and Wanfang data from built databases to June 2024.A Meta-analysis was performed using RevMan 5.4 software to compare the rate of capsule volume reduction,bone hyperplasia thickness and bone density at 3,6 and 12 months after treatment with two methods.Results A total of 14 literatures were included.At 3,6 and 12 months after operation,rate of capsule volume reduction and bone density after fenestration decompression were significantly better than that after curettage.At 6 and 12 months after operation,bone hyperplasia thickness after fenestration decompression were significantly greater than that after curettage.Conclusion Fenestration decompression is superior to curettage in the treatment of jaw cyst in terms of rate of capsule volume reduction,bone hyperplasia thickness and bone density.

OBJECTIVE To establish a method for simultan eous determination of 5 kinds of pentacyclic triterpenoids as 3-O- acetyl-pomolic acid in Chaenomeles speciosa ，and to analyze the difference in the contents of C. speciosa from different producing areas by different processing technologies . METHODS HPLC method was adopted . The determination was performed on COSMOSIL 5 C18-MS-Ⅱ column with mobile phase consisted of acetonitrile -0.005 mol/L ammonium dihydrogen phosphate solution （pH value adjusted to 6.5 with phosphoric acid ）（70∶30，V/V）at the flow rate of 1.0 mL/min. The column temperature was set at 30 ℃. The detection wavelength was set at 210 nm，and sample size was 20 μL. The contents of the other four pentacyclic triterpenoids were calculated according to quantitative analysis of multi -components by single -marker（QAMS）using oleanolic acid as internal reference . The results were compared with those determined by external standard method . The total content of oleanolic acid and ursolic acid ，the total content of 5 components in C. speciosa from different producing areas and different processing technologies were compared . RESULTS The linear range of 3-O-acetyl-pomolic acid ，betulinic acid ，oleanolic acid ，ursolic acid and 3-O-acetyl ursolic acid were 4.06-81.2，2.12-42.4，9.62-192.3，7.77-155.4，4.21-84.1 μg/mL，respectively（R2＞0.999）. RSDs of precision ，reproducibility and stability （24 h）tests were all lower than 3%. The average recoveries were 98.29%-101.38% （RSDs＜3%，n＝6）. The mass fraction of 3-O-acetyl-pomolic acid ，betulinic acid ，ursolic acid and 3-O-acetyl ursolic acid measured by QAMS w ere 0.023%-0.060%，0.044%-0.528%，0.101%-0.368%，0.067%-0.221%，respectively；the deviations from the results measured by external standard method were all within 8%. The total content of oleanolic acid and ursolic acid， the total content of 5 components in C. speciosa processed by fresh -cut technology from the same producing area were higher than those in C. speciosa processed by traditional technology ，and the total content of 5 components in C. speciosa from Chongqing Qianjiang were significantly higher than those from other producing areas （P＜0.05）. CONCLUSIONS QAMS method is established for the simultaneous determination of 3-O-acetyl-pomolic acid ，betulinic acid ，oleanolic acid ，ursolic acid and 3-O-acetyl ursolic acid in C. speciosa. Established method is simple ，rapid and accurate . The total content of 5 components in C. speciosa produced in Chongqing Qianjiang is higher ，and the total content of C. speciosa processed by fresh -cut technology from the same origin is higher than C. speciosa processed by traditional technology .

Purpose: The goal of this study was to describe the current status of oncology nurses' behaviors toward end of life (EOL) care in China and to explore the factors associated with oncology nurses’ behaviors toward EOL care. Methods: A cross-sectional design was applied and a convenience sample of 1038 oncology nurses from 22 grade A hospitals were recruited into this study. A general social demographic data questionnaire was administered, and the Chinese version of Nurses’ Behaviors of Caring for Dying Patients Scale was used to assess nurse behavior toward EOL care. The total score ranges from 40 to 200 points. Data were analyzed with SPSS 26.0 software. Results: Chinese oncology nurses' average score of holistic EOL care behaviors was 2.97 ± 0.59. Oncology nurses provide physical care most (3.81 ± 0.76), followed by family care (3.02 ± 0.86), and spiritual care (2.37 ± 0.67). Multiple regression analysis showed that a higher frequency of sharing EOL care experience with colleagues, in-service palliative care education, higher level of head nurse support for EOL patient care, more cases of EOL care, higher working position, and nurse's perceived high level of support were positively associated with behavior toward EOL care. These six factors explained 16.2% of the total variance. Conclusions The results may help provide a basis for converting behavior for EOL care among oncology nurses and design interventions to better improve quality of life for EOL patients with cancer in China.

Objective To establish the model of rabbit vena arterialization, so as to investigate the difference of mechanical parameters between arteries and veins as well as before and after arterialization. Methods Twenty-four rabbits were randomly divided into experimental group (n=12) and control group (n=12). By establishing the rabbit vena arterialization model for experimental group, the arterial blood could flow into the veins. After model creation, the vein would be removed 4 weeks after surgery. In the meantime, the external jugular veins and cephalic arteries extracted from control group were acquired. Compressive pressurizing and stretching tests on all vessels were conducted at the same time(including arteries, veins and arterialized veins). Observation was supported by HE staining and immune tissue chemical techniques. Results There were no deaths among the 24 rabbits, with unobstructed blood flow in veins. With the increase of intravascular pressure, the outer diameter of veins changed at first and then stabilized at a fixed value. The elasticity of veins was worse than that of arteries. The external diameter of veins increased rapidly with internal pressure of veins increasing and reached its extreme elasticity. Comparatively, the elasticity of arteries increased slowly. HE staining results showed that thickness of the vascular wall was thinner, while it became thicker after vena arterialization. After vena arterialization, proliferating cell nuclear antigen（PCNA） and α-actin showed positive results. It further proved that proliferation existed among smooth muscle cells, and veins showed the tendency of restenosis again. The elasticity of veins after transplantation into the arterial system was improved compared with that before transplantation. Conclusions Accompanied by the increasing pressure, the vein could reach its elasticity extremity faster than the artery. Under such a long-term high pressure, vein intima was vulnerable. After vena arterialization, with the gradual thickening of vein intima, the tendency of vessel restenosis was obvious, and the elasticity of veins has been improved after transplantation.

Objective To compare the clinical efficacy of the distal pancreatectomy with spleen preservation and the splenectomy in pancreatic tail for the treatment of benign and borderline tumor. Methods A total of 37 patients with pancreatic benign and borderline tumor from January 2012 to De-cember 2014 in our hospital were treated by laparoscopic surgery.Eleven cases were received distal pan-createctomy with spleen preservation(spleen preserving group)and 26 cases were received resection of pancreatic tail with spleen containing(splenectomy group).Results The operation time of spleen preser-ving group and splenectomy group were(165.34 ± 12.25)mins and(170.72 ± 14.37)mins(P>0.05). The blood loss in the preserving spleen group(108.52 ± 13.11)ml was significantly less than that in the splenectomy group(186.25 ± 17.43)ml(P <0.05).The hospitalization time of the preserving spleen group(10.16 ± 2.11)d was significantly shorter than that of the splenectomy group(12.78 ± 2.78)d(P<0.05).The use of Octreotide in the preserving spleen group(11.45 ± 3.75)mg was significantly less than that in the splenectomy group(16.75 ± 5.75)mg(P <0.01).All patients were followed up for three years.The disease free survival(DFS)in the spleen preserving group was higher than that in the splenecto-my group(100% vs.88.46%)with P<0.05.Conclusion The distal pancreatectomy with spleen preser-vation is safe,effective and suitable for pancreatic benign and borderline tumors.