ObjectiveTo investigate the value of liver stiffness measurement （LSM） and spleen stiffness measurement （SSM） measured by two-dimensional shear wave elastography （2D-SWE） in the diagnosis of severe portal hypertension （SPH） and high-risk varices （HRV）， and to provide a basis for noninvasive assessment of portal hypertension. MethodsA prospective study was conducted among 78 patients with cirrhotic portal hypertension who were treated in Liver Research Center of Beijing Friendship Hospital， Capital Medical University， from December 2019 to April 2023. According to hepatic venous pressure gradient （HVPG）， the patients were divided into 6 mmHg≤HVPG<12 mmHg group， 12 mmHg≤HVPG<20 mmHg group， and HVPG ≥20 mmHg group. All patients underwent gastroscopy and 2D-SWE within 1 week after HVPG measurement， and SWE-LSM and SWE-SSM measured by 2D-SWE were recorded. A one-way analysis of variance or the Kruskal-Wallis H test was used for comparison of continuous data between multiple groups， and the chi-square test or the Fisher’s exact test was used for comparison of categorical data between groups. With HVPG and gastroscopy findings as the gold standard， the receiver operating characteristic （ROC） curve was plotted and the area under the ROC curve （AUC） was calculated to evaluate diagnostic performance， while the DeLong test was used for comparison of AUC. The Pearson or Spearman correlation analysis was used to investigate the correlation between variables， and the linear regression analysis and the Logistic regression analysis were used to investigate the influencing factors for HVPG and HRV. ResultsThe mean HVPG was 18.1±6.4 mmHg for the patients enrolled in this study， and HRV was observed in 62 patients （79.5%）. Both SWE-LSM and SWE-SSM were significantly positively correlated with HVPG （r=0.413 and 0.633， both P<0.001）， with an AUC of 0.812 and 0.902， respectively， in the diagnosis of HVPG≥12 mmHg and an AUC of 0.804 and 0.789， respectively， in the diagnosis of HVPG≥20 mmHg （all P>0.05）. The multivariate linear regression analysis showed that SWE-SSM was an independent influencing factor for HVPG （β=0.17， P<0.001）. In the diagnosis of HRV， only SWE-SSM showed a significant positive correlation with HRV （r=0.432， P<0.001）， with a better diagnostic performance than SWE-LSM in terms of AUC （0.808 vs 0.642， Z=2.775， P=0.006）. The multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that platelet count was an independent influencing factor for HRV （odds ratio=0.97， P=0.014）. ConclusionSWE-SSM is closely correlated with both HVPG and HRV， showing a good performance in the diagnosis of SPH and HRV， and therefore， it is expected to become an effective noninvasive tool for assessing portal hypertension.

To investigate the effects of plasma exosomes from sheep on animal hair growth,exo-somes were extracted from two sheep breeds with significant differences in wool fineness(Xinji Fine-wool sheep and Small-tailed Han sheep)using biphasic precipitation.The exosomes were characterized by transmission electron microscopy(TEM)and nanoparticle tracking analysis(NTA).A murine alopecia areata model was established,followed by subcutaneous injection of ex-osomes for 7 consecutive days.Dorsal skin samples were collected on day 10 post-injection for his-tological analysis via hematoxylin-eosin(HE)staining.miRNA and mRNA libraries were constructed through qPCR,while TargetScan and g:Profiler were employed for target gene predic-tion and KEGG enrichment analysis,respectively.Protein-protein interaction(PPI)networks were analyzed using STRING to identify key miRNA-mRNA targets,which were preliminarily validated by qPCR.Results demonstrated that on day 5 post-injection,the Small-tailed Han sheep plasma ex-osome group(SPE)exhibited more melanin deposition spots compared to the Xinji Fine-wool sheep plasma exosome group(XPE),with XPE showing greater melanin spots than the control group(NC).Histological analysis revealed that XPE group displayed significantly fewer hair folli-cles compared to SPE and NC groups(P＜0.01),while SPE group exhibited significantly larger hair follicle diameters than both XPE and NC groups(P＜0.01).Bioinformatics analysis predicted 357,711,477,346,and 3 178 target genes for miR-150,miR-133b,miR-31-5p,miR-433-3p,and miR-218,respectively,with 508 genes being co-regulated by two or more miRNAs.PPI analysis i-dentified 217 genes involved in positive regulation of cellular processes,109 in developmental regu-lation,133 in cellular development,132 in cell differentiation,and 69 in regulation of cell differenti-ation.Target genes were found to regulate hair follicle growth through Wnt signaling via Frizzled receptor binding and downstream pathways involving calmodulin(CaM)and cyclic-AMP response binding protein(CREB).qPCR validation showed significantly higher relative expression levels of miR-218,miR-150,miR-31-5p,miR-133b,and miR-433-3p in SPE and XPE groups compared to NC,with SPE exhibiting greater expression than XPE.Additionally,significant differences in FZD4,WNT4,CREB1,and FZD3 expression were observed between treatment groups and NC.These findings demonstrate that plasma exosomes from Xinji Fine-wool and Small-tailed Han sheep modulate hair growth by altering miRNA-mRNA expression profiles in skin tissues.

Based on network pharmacology,molecular docking technology and experimental valida-tion to explore the therapeutic efficacy and mechanism of action of baicalin(BC)on kidney injury caused by Klebsiella pneumoniae(KP)infection.The inhibitory activity of BC against KP was de-termined by in vitro experiments;a mouse kidney injury model was established,and the therapeu-tic effect was preliminarily verified by ophthalmoscopy and pathological histology;three pro-in-flammatory factors,namely,TNF-α,IL-10,and IL-1β,were detected by ELISA;and the cyber-pharmacology technology was utilized by PubChem,TCMSP,STRING,Cytoscape,AutoDocks and other databases and software to construct the PPI network as well as to perform GO function and KEGG enrichment analyses;and molecular docking technology was used to assess the binding ac-tivity of the drugs to the core targets and to speculate on the signaling pathways of the drug action.The results showed that BC had a better inhibitory effect on KP in the in vitro experiments;path-ological histology showed a significant therapeutic effect of BC;compared with the infected group,the content of pro-inflammatory factors TNF-α,IL-10,and IL-1β in the baicalin treatment group were significantly decreased(P≤0.05).Twenty-four core targets and 11 pathways of action were screened by network pharmacology,and BC docked stably with the acquired core targets TP53,PTGS2,MAPK1,MAPK8,TNF,BCL2,and IGF1 molecules,and it was speculated that BC might exert its antibacterial and anti-inflammatory effects through the signaling pathways of PI3K-Akt,MAPK,HIF-1,and NF-kappa B,etc.This study lays the foundation for further research on the mechanism of action of baicalin on renal injury.

Based on network pharmacology,molecular docking technology and experimental valida-tion to explore the therapeutic efficacy and mechanism of action of baicalin(BC)on kidney injury caused by Klebsiella pneumoniae(KP)infection.The inhibitory activity of BC against KP was de-termined by in vitro experiments;a mouse kidney injury model was established,and the therapeu-tic effect was preliminarily verified by ophthalmoscopy and pathological histology;three pro-in-flammatory factors,namely,TNF-α,IL-10,and IL-1β,were detected by ELISA;and the cyber-pharmacology technology was utilized by PubChem,TCMSP,STRING,Cytoscape,AutoDocks and other databases and software to construct the PPI network as well as to perform GO function and KEGG enrichment analyses;and molecular docking technology was used to assess the binding ac-tivity of the drugs to the core targets and to speculate on the signaling pathways of the drug action.The results showed that BC had a better inhibitory effect on KP in the in vitro experiments;path-ological histology showed a significant therapeutic effect of BC;compared with the infected group,the content of pro-inflammatory factors TNF-α,IL-10,and IL-1β in the baicalin treatment group were significantly decreased(P≤0.05).Twenty-four core targets and 11 pathways of action were screened by network pharmacology,and BC docked stably with the acquired core targets TP53,PTGS2,MAPK1,MAPK8,TNF,BCL2,and IGF1 molecules,and it was speculated that BC might exert its antibacterial and anti-inflammatory effects through the signaling pathways of PI3K-Akt,MAPK,HIF-1,and NF-kappa B,etc.This study lays the foundation for further research on the mechanism of action of baicalin on renal injury.

To investigate the pathogenicity of Sheep-origin Proteus mirabilis and the immunity effect of its inactivated vaccine.In this study,autopsy were performed on sick and dead sheep with severe diarrhea,collected liver,spleen and other diseased organs.And identified the isolated strains by morphology,Gram staining microscopy,biochemical test,molecular biology and 16S rRNA se-quencing;Drug resistance and pathogenicity were studied by drug sensitivity test,pathogenicity test in mouse and pathological histological observation;The isolated strains were inactivated by formaldehyde and mixed with alum adjuvant containing aluminum hydroxide to prepare the inacti-vated vaccine;mice were immunized after safety testing to test antibodies,cytokines and evaluate the immunological effects.Results showed that the isolate was Gram-negative short bacillus with blunt rounded ends after purification staining.Combined with biochemical tests,PCR amplified fragments and 16S rRNA sequencing results showed that the strain was Proteus mirabilis;The re-sults of drug sensitivity test showed that the isolate was highly sensitive to four antibiotics,including amikacin and piperacillin(S),the rest of the strain was moderately or poorly sensitive,or even resistant;The isolate was highly sensitive to the four antibiotics,such as amikacin and pip-eracillin(S).The lethal concentration of the isolated strain was 1.6 × 105 CFU/mL and it could cause different degrees of congestion and bruising and inflammatory cell infiltration in the liver,spleen and other major organs;The formaldehyde inactivated vaccine did not cause adverse reac-tions in mice,and the serum levels of antibodies to IgG,IgG1 and IgG2a,and the levels of antibod-ies to IL-4 and IFN-γ were higher than that of the PBS group,and the vaccine immunoprotection rate was 90％in the attacking bacterial test.In the present experiment,Proteus mirabilis was suc-cessfully isolated from the organs of sick and dead sheep.The inactivated vaccine prepared by form-aldehyde inactivation method can mediate humoral immunity to play a preventive role against the infection of S.chimaera,which can provide a new method for the prevention of bacterial diseases in sheep breeding.

To investigate the effects of plasma exosomes from sheep on animal hair growth,exo-somes were extracted from two sheep breeds with significant differences in wool fineness(Xinji Fine-wool sheep and Small-tailed Han sheep)using biphasic precipitation.The exosomes were characterized by transmission electron microscopy(TEM)and nanoparticle tracking analysis(NTA).A murine alopecia areata model was established,followed by subcutaneous injection of ex-osomes for 7 consecutive days.Dorsal skin samples were collected on day 10 post-injection for his-tological analysis via hematoxylin-eosin(HE)staining.miRNA and mRNA libraries were constructed through qPCR,while TargetScan and g:Profiler were employed for target gene predic-tion and KEGG enrichment analysis,respectively.Protein-protein interaction(PPI)networks were analyzed using STRING to identify key miRNA-mRNA targets,which were preliminarily validated by qPCR.Results demonstrated that on day 5 post-injection,the Small-tailed Han sheep plasma ex-osome group(SPE)exhibited more melanin deposition spots compared to the Xinji Fine-wool sheep plasma exosome group(XPE),with XPE showing greater melanin spots than the control group(NC).Histological analysis revealed that XPE group displayed significantly fewer hair folli-cles compared to SPE and NC groups(P＜0.01),while SPE group exhibited significantly larger hair follicle diameters than both XPE and NC groups(P＜0.01).Bioinformatics analysis predicted 357,711,477,346,and 3 178 target genes for miR-150,miR-133b,miR-31-5p,miR-433-3p,and miR-218,respectively,with 508 genes being co-regulated by two or more miRNAs.PPI analysis i-dentified 217 genes involved in positive regulation of cellular processes,109 in developmental regu-lation,133 in cellular development,132 in cell differentiation,and 69 in regulation of cell differenti-ation.Target genes were found to regulate hair follicle growth through Wnt signaling via Frizzled receptor binding and downstream pathways involving calmodulin(CaM)and cyclic-AMP response binding protein(CREB).qPCR validation showed significantly higher relative expression levels of miR-218,miR-150,miR-31-5p,miR-133b,and miR-433-3p in SPE and XPE groups compared to NC,with SPE exhibiting greater expression than XPE.Additionally,significant differences in FZD4,WNT4,CREB1,and FZD3 expression were observed between treatment groups and NC.These findings demonstrate that plasma exosomes from Xinji Fine-wool and Small-tailed Han sheep modulate hair growth by altering miRNA-mRNA expression profiles in skin tissues.

On August 31， 2025， the Asian Pacific Association for the Study of the Liver （APASL） updated and released management of acute variceal bleeding： updated APASL guidelines （2025 edition）， which systematically elaborates on the definition， diagnosis， assessment， and treatment of acute variceal bleeding. This article gives an excerpt of the recommendations in this guideline.

To investigate the pathogenicity of Sheep-origin Proteus mirabilis and the immunity effect of its inactivated vaccine.In this study,autopsy were performed on sick and dead sheep with severe diarrhea,collected liver,spleen and other diseased organs.And identified the isolated strains by morphology,Gram staining microscopy,biochemical test,molecular biology and 16S rRNA se-quencing;Drug resistance and pathogenicity were studied by drug sensitivity test,pathogenicity test in mouse and pathological histological observation;The isolated strains were inactivated by formaldehyde and mixed with alum adjuvant containing aluminum hydroxide to prepare the inacti-vated vaccine;mice were immunized after safety testing to test antibodies,cytokines and evaluate the immunological effects.Results showed that the isolate was Gram-negative short bacillus with blunt rounded ends after purification staining.Combined with biochemical tests,PCR amplified fragments and 16S rRNA sequencing results showed that the strain was Proteus mirabilis;The re-sults of drug sensitivity test showed that the isolate was highly sensitive to four antibiotics,including amikacin and piperacillin(S),the rest of the strain was moderately or poorly sensitive,or even resistant;The isolate was highly sensitive to the four antibiotics,such as amikacin and pip-eracillin(S).The lethal concentration of the isolated strain was 1.6 × 105 CFU/mL and it could cause different degrees of congestion and bruising and inflammatory cell infiltration in the liver,spleen and other major organs;The formaldehyde inactivated vaccine did not cause adverse reac-tions in mice,and the serum levels of antibodies to IgG,IgG1 and IgG2a,and the levels of antibod-ies to IL-4 and IFN-γ were higher than that of the PBS group,and the vaccine immunoprotection rate was 90％in the attacking bacterial test.In the present experiment,Proteus mirabilis was suc-cessfully isolated from the organs of sick and dead sheep.The inactivated vaccine prepared by form-aldehyde inactivation method can mediate humoral immunity to play a preventive role against the infection of S.chimaera,which can provide a new method for the prevention of bacterial diseases in sheep breeding.

Objective To investigate the clinical features, liver histological features, and diagnostic and treatment methods for patients with myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN) with portal hypertension as the main manifestation. Methods A retrospective analysis was performed for related data of the patients who attended the hospital due to portal hypertension and were finally diagnosed with MPN in Liver Research Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, from January 2019 to February 2022, including clinical manifestation, liver pathological features, treatment, and follow-up results. Results Nine patients were included in this study, and all the patients had splenomegaly and esophageal and gastric varices, while portal vein thrombosis was observed in eight patients. All patients had normal or slightly abnormal liver function and routine blood test results. Six patients underwent liver biopsy, without the formation of fibrous septum and pseudolobule, and hepatic extramedullary hematopoiesis was observed in two patients. All nine patients underwent bone marrow biopsy and genetic testing, among whom six had essential thrombocythemia and three had primary myelofibrosis, and genetic testing revealed JAK - 2V617F gene mutation in seven patients and CALR gene mutation in two patients. Conclusion MPN is one of the rare causes of portal hypertension and has the clinical manifestations of esophageal and gastric varices, splenomegaly, and even megalosplenia, without the manifestations of hypersplenism such as leukopenia and thrombocytopenia. Detection of the JAK - 2V617F and CALR genes can improve the diagnostic rate of MPN.

ObjectiveTo study the association of serum adiponectin and high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) levels to short-term outcome in patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS). MethodsClinical data of 216 patients with AIS in Beijing Bo'ai Hospital from January, 2019 to September, 2020 were collected. The serum biochemical indicator was measured in all the patients within 24 hours after enrollment, and adiponectin was detected with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Meanwhile, all patients were evaluated with National Institute of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS). Modified Rankin Scale (mRS) was used to assess the functional outcome 90 days after onset during follow-up. ResultsThe incidence of poor outcome in patients with AIS within 90 days was 48.1%. Compared with the good outcome group, the serum adiponectin was lower (t = 5.861, P < 0.001) and the serum hs-CRP level was higher (Z = 5.525, P < 0.001) poor outcome group. Reduced serum adiponectin (OR = 0.862, 95%CI 0.751 to 0.975, P < 0.001) and increased serum hs-CRP (OR = 1.215, 95%CI 1.015 to 1.455, P < 0.001) were independent risk factors for poor outcome in patients with AIS. The areas under curve (95% CI) of serum adiponectin and hs-CRP for predicting the outcome of patients with AIS were 0.819 (0.761 to 0.877) and 0.722 (0.654 to 0.791), respectively (P < 0.001). The predictive power of serum adiponectin was higher than that of hs-CRP (Z = 2.151, P = 0.032). The optimum cut-off point of adiponectin was < 3.5 mg/L, and the Yoden index was 0.609, yielding a sensitivity of 0.704 and a specificity of 0.905. ConclusionSerum adiponectin and hs-CRP can serve as independent predictors for short functional outcome in patients with AIS.