Cemental tear is a rare and indetectable condition unless obvious clinical signs present with the involvement of surrounding periodontal and periapical tissues. Due to its clinical manifestations similar to common dental issues, such as vertical root fracture, primary endodontic diseases, and periodontal diseases, as well as the low awareness of cemental tear for clinicians, misdiagnosis often occurs. The critical principle for cemental tear treatment is to remove torn fragments, and overlooking fragments leads to futile therapy, which could deteriorate the conditions of the affected teeth. Therefore, accurate diagnosis and subsequent appropriate interventions are vital for managing cemental tear. Novel diagnostic tools, including cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT), microscopes, and enamel matrix derivatives, have improved early detection and management, enhancing tooth retention. The implementation of standardized diagnostic criteria and treatment protocols, combined with improved clinical awareness among dental professionals, serves to mitigate risks of diagnostic errors and suboptimal therapeutic interventions. This expert consensus reviewed the epidemiology, pathogenesis, potential predisposing factors, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, differential diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of cemental tear, aiming to provide a clinical guideline and facilitate clinicians to have a better understanding of cemental tear.
Humans ; Dental Cementum/injuries* ; Consensus ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Cone-Beam Computed Tomography ; Tooth Fractures/therapy*

Objective:To investigate the influencing factors for the training quality of clinical pharmacy undergraduates in China from multiple dimensions and the problems existing in the current training model, to propose suggestions for improvement, and to provide a reference for improving the training quality of clinical pharmacy undergraduates in China.Methods:Four dimensions of vital importance to the training quality of clinical pharmacy undergraduates in China were summarized based on the results of previous literature research and semi-structured interviews, and a questionnaire was designed to conduct a survey among clinical pharmacy undergraduates. Then based on the problems obtained through feedback, an investigation was conducted among the clinical pharmacists in various provinces across the country. SPSS 25.0 was used to perform a statistical analysis.Results:The influencing factors for the cultivation and development of clinical pharmacy undergraduates included insufficient awareness of their major [18.28% (17/93) of the senior and graduate students still had no understanding or relatively little understanding of their major], a lack of specialty characteristics in undergraduate education of clinical pharmacy [35.91% (107/298) of the students thought that the arrangement of public courses during the undergraduate period of clinical pharmacy was unreasonable or needed improvement], unreasonable arrangement of the contents and time of internship [34.23% (102/298) of the students thought that the experiment and internship arrangement during the undergraduate period of clinical pharmacy was unreasonable or needed to be improved], and inadequate cultivation of learning and scientific research innovation abilities [66.78% (199/298) of the students had not participated in scientific research projects or training, with σ>1 in the statistics of various learning behaviors]. Conclusions:Professional cognition and internship/practice should be taken seriously in the training system of clinical pharmacy undergraduates. Curriculum setting should be optimized to enhance specialty characteristics, and the teaching and training model should be improved to focus on ability training.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy and safety of radioactive 125 I seed implantation combined with paclitaxel (PTX) for treating senile non‐small cell lung cancer(NSCLC) .Methods The clinical data in 35 patients with NSCLC in our hospi‐tal from June 2013 to August 2014 were retrospectively analyzed ,including 12 cases receiving the lung tumor radioactive 125 I seed implantation therapy(group A) ,10 cases treated with PTX combined with cisplatin (TP scheme)after receiving radioactive 125I seed implantation therapy(group B) and 13 cases only conducted TP scheme(group C) .The 21 d chemotherapy was a evaluation cycle . The adverse reactions were evaluated after 1 cycle and the curative efficacy was evaluated after 2 cycles .Results Thirty‐five cases were followed up for 6 months .The adverse reactions could be evaluated in all the cases .The short‐term efficacy could be evaluated in 34 cases .The group A had no obvious adverse reactions ,the main adverse reactions in the group B and C were bone marrow sup‐pression and digestive tract reactions without statistically significant differences (P> 0 .05) .The effective rates after 4 cycles of chemotherapy in the group A and B were 66 .7% and 80 .0% ,the clinical benefit rates were 83 .3% and 90 .0% respectively ,which were higher than 23 .1% and 53 .8% in the group C respectively ,the differences were statistically significant ( P< 0 .05 ) . Conclusion Radioactive125 I seed implantation therapy and PTX combined with radioactive 125 I seed implantation for treating senile early NSCLC are superior to the simple PTX chemotherapy ,which have high effective rate and benefit rate ,safety ,mini‐invasion and mild adverse reactions ,and can increase the patient′s living quality .

BACKGROUND: Traditional orthodontic anchorage has the disadvantages of discomfort, difficult to control, affecting the appearance, and relying on patient’s close cooperation. Because of short-time clinical research and application, mini-implant anchorage has a great controversy in the orthodontic treatment. OBJECTIVE: To explore the application value of mini-implant anchorage in the orthodontic treatment. METHODS:Eighty cases undergoing the orthodontic treatment at the Center of Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology, Yaan People’s Hospital in China from January 2012 to June 2015 were enrol ed in this study. These patients were equal y randomized into test group and control group, which were subjected to mini-implant anchorage or headgear anchorage, respectively. The treatment was continued for 2 years in the two groups. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: After the treatment, the successful rate in the test group was significantly higher than that in the control group (P < 0.05); the upper central incisor convex distance difference, inclination angle of the upper central incisor, displacement of the molar, SNA angle, inter-canine width, were significantly better in the test group than the control group (P < 0.05). At weeks 4 and 8 after intervention, there was no difference in the expression of osteoprotegerin in the periodontal tissue between the two groups (P > 0.05), but the rate of adverse reactions was significantly lower in the test group than the control group (P < 0.05). These findings indicate the mini-implant anchorage method can significantly improve the therapeutic efficacy, improve the success rate of treatment, and reduce the incidence of postoperative infections, which has good safety and stability, and has good clinical application value.