BACKGROUND : The Indonesian chronic disease management program (PROLANIS) was introduced to provide structured chronic disease management for hypertension and type 2 diabetes (T2D) at the primary healthcare level. This study aimed to evaluate the health-related outcomes of PROLANIS among T2D patients in the eastern border region. METHODS : This retrospective cohort study used secondary data from PROLANIS reports of all primary healthcare facilities in Atambua Regency, East Nusa Tenggara Province, Indonesia. Inclusion criteria were all T2D patients who participated in routine 6-month evaluations conducted between June 2023 and December 2023. The assessed parameters and their defined targets were body mass index (BMI) (18.5–23 kg/m²), systolic blood pressure (SBP) (<140 mmHg), diastolic blood pressure (DBP) (<90 mmHg), hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) (<7%), total cholesterol (TC) (<200 mg/dl), high-density lipoprotein (HDL) (>40 mg/dl for males and >50 mg/dl for females), low-density lipoprotein (LDL) (<100 mg/dl), and triglycerides (TGs) (<150 mg/dl). Wilcoxon signed-rank and paired t-tests were used for statistical analyses. RESULTS : There were 51 T2D patients included in the analyses. Of these, 84% achieved SBP and 96% achieved DBP targets. However, only 45% achieved HbA1c, and 33% achieved BMI targets. For lipid profiles, 55%, 51%, 47%, and 41% achieved TC, LDL, HDL, and TG targets, respectively. No significant differences were found between baseline and follow-up across these parameters (all p>0.05). CONCLUSIONS In the border region, while PROLANIS maintains blood pressure levels, it does not significantly improve other health-related outcomes in T2D patients. This underscores the need to strengthen program intensity, support adherence, and address contextual barriers to achieve meaningful metabolic improvements.
chronic disease ; government programs health services ; Indonesia ; primary healthcare ; type 2 diabetes mellitus

Introduction: HIV infection attacks the immune system, thus making a person vulnerable to various secondary diseases. Various secondary infections trigger systemic endothelium activation and lead to sepsis. Comorbid diseases cause high morbidity and mortality rates in HIV patients. This study aims to determine the prevalence of secondary diseases in HIV patients. Methods: Analytic and descriptive study with crossectional study design. Data were obtained from medical records of hospitalized patients at RSUD Dr. Soetomo Surabaya from August 2019 - February 2020. Results: Patients are dominated by the 30-39-year-old age group (48.8%) with male gender (69.4%), high school graduates (69.4%), private employees (44.7%), Muslim (90.3%), married (53.1%), CD4 <100 cells/µL (28.1%). From 392 patients, there were 46 2-time inpatients, seven 3-time inpatients times, and four 4-time inpatients, which brings a total of 320 HIV patients during the inclusion period. The highest prevalence of secondary disease was candidiasis oris (56.3%), tuberculosis (40.9%), and anemia (39.7%). There was association between age to complications (p= 0.042) and CD4 counts to complications (p= 0.022). Conclusion: HIV patients with CD4 counts of less than 200 cells / µL are very susceptible to various secondary diseases.