Objective: To explore the relationship between life skills, psychological resilience and subjective well-being among primary and secondary school students, so as to provide evidence for targeted adolescent mental health education. Methods: From September to November, 2025, a total of 5 831 primary and secondary school students from five cities (Beijing, Guangzhou, Shenzhen, Chongqing, Urumqi) were selected by convenience sampling. The Adolescent Subjective Well being Scale, School based Adolescents Life Skills Scale, and Adolescent Psychological Resilience Scale were used for investigation. Data were analyzed using t-tests, one way ANOVA, and linear regression. Results: The total mean score of students subjective well being was (5.46± 0.91) ; the total mean score of life skills was (3.69±0.64); the total mean score of psychological resilience was (3.66±0.69). Statistically significant differences in subjective well being scores were found among students grouped by gender, grade, school stage, residential city, living with parents or living with siblings ( t/F =4.14, 53.92, 14.53, 49.99, 13.49, 2.18, all P <0.01). Stratified regression analyses were performed by gender (adjusting for school stage, residential city and living arrangement) and by school stage (adjusting for gender, residential city and living arrangement), the regression results indicated that life skills of boys, girls, primary school students and junior high school students( β =0.54, 0.53, 0.50, 0.57) and their psychological resilience ( β = 0.56 , 0.60, 0.56, 0.60) were positively associated with subjective well being (all P <0.01). Conclusions Life skills and psychological resilience may be important protective factors for subjective well being among primary and secondary school students. School based mental health education should emphasize life skills training and resilience building to promote students subjective well being.

Objective: To explore the association between parental subjective well-being and subjective well-being among primary and secondary school students, so as to provide evidence for promoting adolescent mental health from a family perspective. Methods: From September to November 2025, a convenience sampling method was used to recruit 4 612 students in grades 4-8 from 12 primary and secondary schools in five cities—Beijing, Guangzhou, Shenzhen, Chongqing, and Urumqi—along with their parents. Students completed the Adolescent Well being Survey Questionnaire, while parents completed the Parental Well being Survey Questionnaire. Data were analyzed using t-test, one way analysis of variance, multiple linear regression, Logistic regression, and stratified subgroup analyses. Results: The maximum score of the subjective well-being scale for primary and secondary school students was 301, with a total score of (224.07±46.63), representing 74.4% of the full score; the maximum score of the parental subjective well-being scale was 120, with a total score of (92.35±15.10), representing 77.0%. Multiple linear regression analysis showed that parental subjective well-being was positively associated with students overall subjective well-being, positive affect, and satisfaction in each domain (friendship, family, school, environment, freedom, and academics), and negatively associated with negative affect ( β =0.45, 0.08, 0.06, 0.07, 0.05, 0.04, 0.05, 0.04, -0.05, all P <0.01). Logistic regression and stratified analysis showed that parental subjective well-being was positively associated with students high subjective well-being ( OR =1.03), and the association existed in subgroups of different gender, grade and family structure ( OR =1.02-1.04) (all P <0.05). Conclusions Parental subjective well-being is positively associated with students subjective well-being. Future interventions should incorporate an integrated strategy featuring family-school collaboration to promote adolescent well-being.

AIM: To observe the influence of different intraocular lens implantation methods on visual quality in patients with cataract.METHODS: Retrospective study. Totally 85 patients(113 eyes)with cataract who received phacoemulsification combined with intraocular lens implantation in the hospital June 2020 to December 2023 were selected. According to the different implanted lenses, they were divided into monofocal group(42 cases, 55 eyes)and bifocal group(43 cases, 58 eyes). The uncorrected near visual acuity(UNVA), uncorrected intermediate visual acuity(UIVA), uncorrected distance visual acuity(UDVA), best corrected near visual acuity(BCNVA), best corrected intermediate visual acuity(BCIVA), best corrected distance visual acuity(BCDVA), contrast sensitivity(CS), objective visual quality, National Eye Institute 25-item Visual Function Questionnaire(NEI-VFQ-25)scores and complications were compared between both groups of patients at 3 mo after surgery.RESULTS:At 3 mo after surgery, the UNVA(LogMAR)of the bifocal group was significantly better than that of the monofocal group(0.24±0.06 vs 0.53±0.13, P<0.001), but there were no statistical differences in UIVA, UDVA, BCNVA, BCIVA and BCDVA between the two groups(all P>0.05). The 18 c/d spatial frequency scotopic CS in the bifocal group at 3 mo after surgery was significantly lower than that in the monofocal group(0.84±0.17 vs 0.92±0.22, P<0.05), while the CS in other frequency was not statistically significant(all P>0.05); the objective scatter index(OSI)was higher in the bifocal group than that in the monofocal group(P<0.05), while OV 20% and OV 9% were lower than those in monofocal group(all P<0.05), but there were no statistically significant differences in modulation transfer function cut off(MTFcut off), Strehl ratio(SR)and OV 100% between the two groups(all P>0.05). The scores of overall visual acuity and near visual activity in the bifocal group at 3 mo after surgery were higher than those in the monofocal group(all P<0.001), but there were no statistical differences in the scores of dimensions of overall health, distance visual activity, peripheral visual acuity, color vision, dependence degree, social function, social role and mental health between the two groups(all P>0.05). Furthermore, there were no statistical significance in the incidence of complications in the two groups(P>0.05).CONCLUSION: Phacoemulsification combined with bifocal intraocular lens implantation can provide more ideal near visual acuity and visual-related quality of life for patients with cataract, but its objective visual quality is worse, The two types of intraocular lenses have their own advantages and disadvantages, and it is still necessary to choose the appropriate intraocular lens according to the actual needs of patients.

AIM: To observe the influence of different intraocular lens implantation methods on visual quality in patients with cataract.METHODS: Retrospective study. Totally 85 patients(113 eyes)with cataract who received phacoemulsification combined with intraocular lens implantation in the hospital June 2020 to December 2023 were selected. According to the different implanted lenses, they were divided into monofocal group(42 cases, 55 eyes)and bifocal group(43 cases, 58 eyes). The uncorrected near visual acuity(UNVA), uncorrected intermediate visual acuity(UIVA), uncorrected distance visual acuity(UDVA), best corrected near visual acuity(BCNVA), best corrected intermediate visual acuity(BCIVA), best corrected distance visual acuity(BCDVA), contrast sensitivity(CS), objective visual quality, National Eye Institute 25-item Visual Function Questionnaire(NEI-VFQ-25)scores and complications were compared between both groups of patients at 3 mo after surgery.RESULTS:At 3 mo after surgery, the UNVA(LogMAR)of the bifocal group was significantly better than that of the monofocal group(0.24±0.06 vs 0.53±0.13, P<0.001), but there were no statistical differences in UIVA, UDVA, BCNVA, BCIVA and BCDVA between the two groups(all P>0.05). The 18 c/d spatial frequency scotopic CS in the bifocal group at 3 mo after surgery was significantly lower than that in the monofocal group(0.84±0.17 vs 0.92±0.22, P<0.05), while the CS in other frequency was not statistically significant(all P>0.05); the objective scatter index(OSI)was higher in the bifocal group than that in the monofocal group(P<0.05), while OV 20% and OV 9% were lower than those in monofocal group(all P<0.05), but there were no statistically significant differences in modulation transfer function cut off(MTFcut off), Strehl ratio(SR)and OV 100% between the two groups(all P>0.05). The scores of overall visual acuity and near visual activity in the bifocal group at 3 mo after surgery were higher than those in the monofocal group(all P<0.001), but there were no statistical differences in the scores of dimensions of overall health, distance visual activity, peripheral visual acuity, color vision, dependence degree, social function, social role and mental health between the two groups(all P>0.05). Furthermore, there were no statistical significance in the incidence of complications in the two groups(P>0.05).CONCLUSION: Phacoemulsification combined with bifocal intraocular lens implantation can provide more ideal near visual acuity and visual-related quality of life for patients with cataract, but its objective visual quality is worse, The two types of intraocular lenses have their own advantages and disadvantages, and it is still necessary to choose the appropriate intraocular lens according to the actual needs of patients.

Objective To investigate the factors influencing international normalized ratio (INR)>3.0 in patients undergoing warfarin anticoagulation therapy after mechanical heart valve replacement. Methods A retrospective analysis was performed on the clinical data of patients who underwent mechanical heart valve replacement surgery and received warfarin anticoagulation therapy at West China Hospital of Sichuan University from January 1, 2011 to June 30, 2022. Based on the discharge INR values, patients were divided into two groups: an INR≤3.0 group and an INR>3.0 group. The factors associated with INR>3.0 at the time of discharge were analyzed. Results A total of 8901 patients were enrolled, including 3409 males and 5492 females, with a median age of 49.3 (43.5, 55.6) years. The gender, body mass index (BMI), New York Heart Association (NYHA) cardiac function grading, INR, glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase, and preoperative prothrombin time (PT) were statistically different between the two groups (P<0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that lower BMI, preoperative PT>15 s, and mitral valve replacement were independent risk factors for INR>3.0 at discharge (P<0.05). Conclusion BMI, preoperative PT, and surgical site are factors influencing INR>3.0 at discharge in patients undergoing warfarin anticoagulation therapy after mechanical heart valve replacement. Special attention should be given to patients with lower BMI, longer preoperative PT, and mitral valve replacement to avoid excessive anticoagulation therapy.

Objective:To investigate the relationship between the duration of folic acid supplementation,gesta-tional diabetes mellitus(GDM)and adverse perinatal outcomes based on generalized linear mixed model.Meth-ods:Clinical data was collected of 759 pairs of mothers and children who delivered at the First Affiliated Hospital of Hebei North University from January 2021 to December 2022.The adverse perinatal outcomes of this study in-cluded cesarean section,premature birth,macrosomia,low birth weight(LBW),large for gestational age(LGA),and small for gestational age infant(SGA).Generalized linear mixed model was used to analyze the impact of GDM and supplementation with folic acid for a duration of ≥3 months on the risk of adverse perinatal outcomes.A stratified analysis of the duration of folic acid supplementation was conducted to determine whether it was a con-founding factor or influencing factor of GDM and adverse birth outcomes.Results:A total of 748 patients(98.55％)received folic acid supplementation before and during pregnancy,with a total of 743 patients(97.89％)receiving folic acid supplementation during pregnancy and 496 patients(65.35％)receiving folic acid supplementation before pregnancy.77 mothers were diagnosed with GDM,with an incidence rate of 10.14％.Compared with those who received folic acid supplementation before pregnancy for＜3 months,those who re-ceived folic acid supplementation before pregnancy for ≥ 3 months were associated with an increased risk of GDM.The adjusted RR(aRR)was 1.72(95％CI 1.17-2.53).The GDM patients who received folic acid sup-plementation for≥3 months before pregnancy was associated with a reduced risk of SGA,with an aRR of 0.40(95％CI 0.18-0.89).In the subgroup of pregnant women who received folic acid supplementation for≥3 months,GDM was associated with an increased risk of cesarean section(aRR 1.36,95％CI 1.06-1.75))and macrosomia(aRR2.11,95％CI 1.06-4.20),but both aRR were lower than fixed effect RR of 1.53(95％CI 1.01-2.34)and 2.43(95％CI 12.7-4.66),respectively.and the above differences were statistically signifi-cant(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Supplementing folic acid for≥3 months before pregnancy increases the risk of GDM,but reduces the risk of SGA birth in patients with GDM.Supplementing folic acid during pregnancy for≥3 months has a reducing effect on the risk of adverse perinataloutcomes of cesarean section and macrosomia in women with GDM.

Objective:To investigate the relationship between the duration of folic acid supplementation,gesta-tional diabetes mellitus(GDM)and adverse perinatal outcomes based on generalized linear mixed model.Meth-ods:Clinical data was collected of 759 pairs of mothers and children who delivered at the First Affiliated Hospital of Hebei North University from January 2021 to December 2022.The adverse perinatal outcomes of this study in-cluded cesarean section,premature birth,macrosomia,low birth weight(LBW),large for gestational age(LGA),and small for gestational age infant(SGA).Generalized linear mixed model was used to analyze the impact of GDM and supplementation with folic acid for a duration of ≥3 months on the risk of adverse perinatal outcomes.A stratified analysis of the duration of folic acid supplementation was conducted to determine whether it was a con-founding factor or influencing factor of GDM and adverse birth outcomes.Results:A total of 748 patients(98.55％)received folic acid supplementation before and during pregnancy,with a total of 743 patients(97.89％)receiving folic acid supplementation during pregnancy and 496 patients(65.35％)receiving folic acid supplementation before pregnancy.77 mothers were diagnosed with GDM,with an incidence rate of 10.14％.Compared with those who received folic acid supplementation before pregnancy for＜3 months,those who re-ceived folic acid supplementation before pregnancy for ≥ 3 months were associated with an increased risk of GDM.The adjusted RR(aRR)was 1.72(95％CI 1.17-2.53).The GDM patients who received folic acid sup-plementation for≥3 months before pregnancy was associated with a reduced risk of SGA,with an aRR of 0.40(95％CI 0.18-0.89).In the subgroup of pregnant women who received folic acid supplementation for≥3 months,GDM was associated with an increased risk of cesarean section(aRR 1.36,95％CI 1.06-1.75))and macrosomia(aRR2.11,95％CI 1.06-4.20),but both aRR were lower than fixed effect RR of 1.53(95％CI 1.01-2.34)and 2.43(95％CI 12.7-4.66),respectively.and the above differences were statistically signifi-cant(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Supplementing folic acid for≥3 months before pregnancy increases the risk of GDM,but reduces the risk of SGA birth in patients with GDM.Supplementing folic acid during pregnancy for≥3 months has a reducing effect on the risk of adverse perinataloutcomes of cesarean section and macrosomia in women with GDM.

Objective:To investigate the relationship between the duration of folic acid supplementation,gesta-tional diabetes mellitus(GDM)and adverse perinatal outcomes based on generalized linear mixed model.Meth-ods:Clinical data was collected of 759 pairs of mothers and children who delivered at the First Affiliated Hospital of Hebei North University from January 2021 to December 2022.The adverse perinatal outcomes of this study in-cluded cesarean section,premature birth,macrosomia,low birth weight(LBW),large for gestational age(LGA),and small for gestational age infant(SGA).Generalized linear mixed model was used to analyze the impact of GDM and supplementation with folic acid for a duration of ≥3 months on the risk of adverse perinatal outcomes.A stratified analysis of the duration of folic acid supplementation was conducted to determine whether it was a con-founding factor or influencing factor of GDM and adverse birth outcomes.Results:A total of 748 patients(98.55％)received folic acid supplementation before and during pregnancy,with a total of 743 patients(97.89％)receiving folic acid supplementation during pregnancy and 496 patients(65.35％)receiving folic acid supplementation before pregnancy.77 mothers were diagnosed with GDM,with an incidence rate of 10.14％.Compared with those who received folic acid supplementation before pregnancy for＜3 months,those who re-ceived folic acid supplementation before pregnancy for ≥ 3 months were associated with an increased risk of GDM.The adjusted RR(aRR)was 1.72(95％CI 1.17-2.53).The GDM patients who received folic acid sup-plementation for≥3 months before pregnancy was associated with a reduced risk of SGA,with an aRR of 0.40(95％CI 0.18-0.89).In the subgroup of pregnant women who received folic acid supplementation for≥3 months,GDM was associated with an increased risk of cesarean section(aRR 1.36,95％CI 1.06-1.75))and macrosomia(aRR2.11,95％CI 1.06-4.20),but both aRR were lower than fixed effect RR of 1.53(95％CI 1.01-2.34)and 2.43(95％CI 12.7-4.66),respectively.and the above differences were statistically signifi-cant(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Supplementing folic acid for≥3 months before pregnancy increases the risk of GDM,but reduces the risk of SGA birth in patients with GDM.Supplementing folic acid during pregnancy for≥3 months has a reducing effect on the risk of adverse perinataloutcomes of cesarean section and macrosomia in women with GDM.

Objective:To investigate the relationship between the duration of folic acid supplementation,gesta-tional diabetes mellitus(GDM)and adverse perinatal outcomes based on generalized linear mixed model.Meth-ods:Clinical data was collected of 759 pairs of mothers and children who delivered at the First Affiliated Hospital of Hebei North University from January 2021 to December 2022.The adverse perinatal outcomes of this study in-cluded cesarean section,premature birth,macrosomia,low birth weight(LBW),large for gestational age(LGA),and small for gestational age infant(SGA).Generalized linear mixed model was used to analyze the impact of GDM and supplementation with folic acid for a duration of ≥3 months on the risk of adverse perinatal outcomes.A stratified analysis of the duration of folic acid supplementation was conducted to determine whether it was a con-founding factor or influencing factor of GDM and adverse birth outcomes.Results:A total of 748 patients(98.55％)received folic acid supplementation before and during pregnancy,with a total of 743 patients(97.89％)receiving folic acid supplementation during pregnancy and 496 patients(65.35％)receiving folic acid supplementation before pregnancy.77 mothers were diagnosed with GDM,with an incidence rate of 10.14％.Compared with those who received folic acid supplementation before pregnancy for＜3 months,those who re-ceived folic acid supplementation before pregnancy for ≥ 3 months were associated with an increased risk of GDM.The adjusted RR(aRR)was 1.72(95％CI 1.17-2.53).The GDM patients who received folic acid sup-plementation for≥3 months before pregnancy was associated with a reduced risk of SGA,with an aRR of 0.40(95％CI 0.18-0.89).In the subgroup of pregnant women who received folic acid supplementation for≥3 months,GDM was associated with an increased risk of cesarean section(aRR 1.36,95％CI 1.06-1.75))and macrosomia(aRR2.11,95％CI 1.06-4.20),but both aRR were lower than fixed effect RR of 1.53(95％CI 1.01-2.34)and 2.43(95％CI 12.7-4.66),respectively.and the above differences were statistically signifi-cant(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Supplementing folic acid for≥3 months before pregnancy increases the risk of GDM,but reduces the risk of SGA birth in patients with GDM.Supplementing folic acid during pregnancy for≥3 months has a reducing effect on the risk of adverse perinataloutcomes of cesarean section and macrosomia in women with GDM.

Objective:To investigate the relationship between the duration of folic acid supplementation,gesta-tional diabetes mellitus(GDM)and adverse perinatal outcomes based on generalized linear mixed model.Meth-ods:Clinical data was collected of 759 pairs of mothers and children who delivered at the First Affiliated Hospital of Hebei North University from January 2021 to December 2022.The adverse perinatal outcomes of this study in-cluded cesarean section,premature birth,macrosomia,low birth weight(LBW),large for gestational age(LGA),and small for gestational age infant(SGA).Generalized linear mixed model was used to analyze the impact of GDM and supplementation with folic acid for a duration of ≥3 months on the risk of adverse perinatal outcomes.A stratified analysis of the duration of folic acid supplementation was conducted to determine whether it was a con-founding factor or influencing factor of GDM and adverse birth outcomes.Results:A total of 748 patients(98.55％)received folic acid supplementation before and during pregnancy,with a total of 743 patients(97.89％)receiving folic acid supplementation during pregnancy and 496 patients(65.35％)receiving folic acid supplementation before pregnancy.77 mothers were diagnosed with GDM,with an incidence rate of 10.14％.Compared with those who received folic acid supplementation before pregnancy for＜3 months,those who re-ceived folic acid supplementation before pregnancy for ≥ 3 months were associated with an increased risk of GDM.The adjusted RR(aRR)was 1.72(95％CI 1.17-2.53).The GDM patients who received folic acid sup-plementation for≥3 months before pregnancy was associated with a reduced risk of SGA,with an aRR of 0.40(95％CI 0.18-0.89).In the subgroup of pregnant women who received folic acid supplementation for≥3 months,GDM was associated with an increased risk of cesarean section(aRR 1.36,95％CI 1.06-1.75))and macrosomia(aRR2.11,95％CI 1.06-4.20),but both aRR were lower than fixed effect RR of 1.53(95％CI 1.01-2.34)and 2.43(95％CI 12.7-4.66),respectively.and the above differences were statistically signifi-cant(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Supplementing folic acid for≥3 months before pregnancy increases the risk of GDM,but reduces the risk of SGA birth in patients with GDM.Supplementing folic acid during pregnancy for≥3 months has a reducing effect on the risk of adverse perinataloutcomes of cesarean section and macrosomia in women with GDM.