Hippophae rhamnoides is a plant with both medicinal and edible properties, rich in nutritional value and biological activity, and has a long history of medicinal use. It is rich in various chemically active components, mainly including flavonoids, polysaccharides, vitamins, and fatty acids. In recent years, extensive research has been conducted on the chemically active components of sea buckthorn both at home and abroad. By comparing different extraction methods of various components, it has been found that different extraction methods affect the chemical structure of Hippophae rhamnoides extracts, and thus influence their pharmacological activities. Studies have shown that Hippophae rhamnoides has significant pharmacological effects in cardiovascular diseases, obesity and overweight, liver diseases, immune regulation diseases, gastrointestinal diseases and so on, with multiple pharmacological activities such as antioxidation, anti-inflammation, lipid-lowering, and blood sugar-lowering. Its development and application value in the fields of health food and medicine is immeasurable. The different chemical components of Hippophae rhamnoides, their extraction and analysis methods were systematically reviews, as well as the research progress on its main pharmacological effects and mechanisms, which could provide a reference basis for the further development and application of Hippophae rhamnoides resources.

ObjectiveTo investigate the neuroprotective effect of glycosides of cistanches （GCs） in 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1，2，3，6-tetrahydropyridine （MPTP）-induced Parkinson’s disease （PD） model mice and its potential mechanism. MethodsForty mice were randomly divided into control group， PD group， GCs group and levodopa （L-DOPA） group， with 10 mice in each group. The control group received intraperitoneal injection of normal saline， while the other groups were intraperitoneally injected with MPTP （30 mg/kg） once daily for 5 consecutive days. After model establishment， the control group and PD group were intragastrically administered normal saline， and the GCs group and L-DOPA group received intragastric administration once daily for 28 consecutive days， at doses of 100 mg/kg and 50 mg/kg， respectively. The open field test and rotarod test were used to evaluate motor function. Immunohistochemistry was performed to detect the number of tyrosine hydroxylase （TH）-positive neurons in the substantia nigra of the midbrain. Transmission electron microscopy was adopted to observe the ultrastructure of mitochondria in the substantia nigra. Biochemical assays were used to determine the levels of glutathione （GSH）， malondialdehyde （MDA）， total superoxide dismutase （T-SOD） and reactive oxygen species （ROS） in substantia nigra tissues. Western blot was applied to detect the protein expression of TH， nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 （Nrf2）， Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 （Keap-1） and heme oxygenase-1 （HO-1） in substantia nigra tissues. ResultsCompared with the control group， mice in the PD group exhibited markedly impaired motor function， significantly decreased T-SOD activity， obvious reductions in the number of TH-positive neurons and GSH content， as well as elevated MDA and ROS levels in the substantia nigra （P<0.01）. Compared with the PD group， mice in the GCs group showed improved motor function， increased T-SOD activity， higher number of TH-positive neurons and elevated GSH content， accompanied by decreased MDA and ROS levels （P<0.05）. In the control group， mitochondria in the substantia nigra displayed normal morphology without obvious blurred membrane structures or vacuolar degeneration. The PD group presented mitochondrial swelling， disordered cristae and vacuolar changes， whereas these mitochondrial pathological alterations were alleviated in the GCs group. Compared with the control group， the protein levels of TH， Nrf2 and HO-1 were significantly downregulated， while Keap-1 protein expression was markedly upregulated in the PD group （P<0.01）. Compared with the PD group， the GCs group showed significant upregulation of TH， Nrf2 and HO-1 protein levels and a notable reduction in Keap-1 protein level （P<0.05）. ConclusionGCs ameliorate motor dysfunction and attenuate dopaminergic neuronal and mitochondrial damage in MPTP-induced PD model mice. These effects may be associated with modulation of Nrf2/HO-1 pathway-related protein expression， enhancement of antioxidant capacity， and alleviation of oxidative stress.

AIM: To analyze the reasons and clinical outcomes of intraocular lens(IOL)exchange.METHODS:This retrospective case series study included 47 patients(53 eyes)who underwent IOL exchange surgery at the Department of Ophthalmology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, between April 2020 and May 2024, aged from 5 to 87(44.8±3.6)years old. Patients' demographics, surgical indications, surgical techniques, preoperative and postoperative uncorrected visual acuity(UCVA)and best-corrected visual acuity(BCVA), as well as postoperative complications were recorded.RESULTS:The reasons for IOL exchange included refractive error(18 cases, 23 eyes, 43%), IOL dislocation(12 cases, 13 eyes, 25%), IOL opacification(12 cases, 12 eyes, 23%), neuroadaptation failure(3 cases, 3 eyes, 6%), and patient dissatisfaction with visual quality(2 cases, 2 eyes, 4%). The surgical techniques for IOL exchange included in-the-bag IOL fixation(16 eyes, 30%), ciliary sulcus fixation(27 eyes, 51%), and scleral suture fixation(10 eyes, 19%). There was statistical significant difference between preoperative UCVA(LogMAR)and UCVA(LogMAR)at 1 d postoperatively(1.03±0.64 vs 0.50±0.46, P<0.05), and there was statistical significant difference between preoperative BCVA(LogMAR)and BCVA(LogMAR)at 1 mo postoperatively(0.41±0.37 vs 0.17±0.21, P<0.05). Postoperative complications included posterior capsule opacification in 2 eyes and IOL dislocation in 1 eye.CONCLUSION:Refractive error, IOL dislocation, and IOL opacification were the three most common reasons for IOL exchange. Although less frequent, factors such as neuroadaptation issues associated with multifocal IOLs and patient-reported visual quality dissatisfaction reflect growing expectations for improved visual outcomes. IOL exchange surgery, though technically challenging, demonstrates favorable clinical efficacy and a low complication rate, representing an effective intervention for managing postoperative IOL-related issues following cataract surgery.

Objective:To apply multifunctional debridement machine in burn wounds and complicated skin ulcers of wound surgery on the basis of its convenience in application,and analyze its application value.Methods:The multi-functional debridement machine realized the design of hardware system,the design of intelligent handle,the design of frequency tracking system and other integration design,so as to deal with wound quickly and accurately.A total of 156 patients with burn wounds and complicated skin ulcers who admitted to West Branch of Qingdao Municipal Hospital from January 2022 to January 2024 were selected,and they were divided into control group(78 cases)and observation group(78 cases)by random number method.Patients in the control group were treated by using the mode with bedhead and bedside debridement and dressing change every other day,while patients in the observation group were treated by multi-functional debridement machine.The effect was analyzed after treatment.Results:The healing rate of the observation group was 93.59%,which was significantly higher than that of the control group(73.08%)(x2=11.815,P＜0.05),and the healing time of the observation group was significantly shorter than that of the control group,and the difference was statistically significant(t=10.701,P＜0.05).The scores of wound depth,range of wound injury and degree of tissue necrosis in the observation group were lower than those in the control group,and the score of growth speed of granulation tissue was significantly higher than that in the control group,and the differences were statistical significance(t=5.617,7.993,4.781,5.133,P＜0.05).The pain scores on 1st day,7th day and 14th day after dressing change in the observation group were all lower than those in the control group,and the differences were statistical significance(t=19.898,11.801,10.191,P＜0.05).The sterilization rates of wound on the 3rd day,7th day and 10th day after treatment in the observation group were all higher than these in the control group,and the differences were statistical significance(t=15.168,13.476,6.785,P＜0.05).Conclusion:The hardware system of multifunctional debridement machine has large output power,high efficiency and obvious debridement effect.It has significant advantages in the treatment of burn wounds and complicated skin ulcers of wound surgery,which can relieve the degree of wound pain,and improve the cleaning effect and promote rapid recovery of wound.

Objective To explore the application value of improving the operation method of the coaxial microcatheter system to increase the recanalization rate of long-segment occluded blood vessels in the lower extremity arteries.Methods Eleven patients with long-segment occlusion of the lower extremity arteries were selected.Firstly,the angiographic catheter was sent to about 3-4 cm proximal to the occluded segment to provide support and direction control of the coaxial microcatheter system.Then,the microcathe-ter was sent to about 1 cm proximal to the occluded segment through the angiographic catheter,and the microguide wire was sent to the occluded segment,making the tip of the guide wire closely adhere to the occluded segment.The guide wire was fixed by using the guide wire controller to ensure that the guide wire in the blood vessel was always about 1 cm exposed outside the microcatheter.Meanwhile,the microcatheter and the microguide wire were rotated to make the tip form a"spring"shape similar to that of a pipe-line dredging machine,so that the coaxial microcatheter system could pass through the occluded segment of the blood vessel in this shape.After confirmed that the microcatheter had entered the lumen of the distal outflow tract blood vessel,the subsequent interven-tional treatment was completed according to the conventional method.Results Eleven patients with long-segment occluded blood vessels in the lower extremity arteries were successfully treated with improving the operation method of the coaxial microcatheter system to dredge the occluded segment,and completed the interventional treatment of the affected limb blood vessels without vascu-lar rupture,vascular bleeding or arterial dissection.Conclusion Using the improved operation method of the coaxial microcatheter system to dredge the long-segment occluded blood vessels of the lower extremity arteries is simple,safe and has a high success rate,which is worthy of clinical promotion.

Objective To explore the application value of improving the operation method of the coaxial microcatheter system to increase the recanalization rate of long-segment occluded blood vessels in the lower extremity arteries.Methods Eleven patients with long-segment occlusion of the lower extremity arteries were selected.Firstly,the angiographic catheter was sent to about 3-4 cm proximal to the occluded segment to provide support and direction control of the coaxial microcatheter system.Then,the microcathe-ter was sent to about 1 cm proximal to the occluded segment through the angiographic catheter,and the microguide wire was sent to the occluded segment,making the tip of the guide wire closely adhere to the occluded segment.The guide wire was fixed by using the guide wire controller to ensure that the guide wire in the blood vessel was always about 1 cm exposed outside the microcatheter.Meanwhile,the microcatheter and the microguide wire were rotated to make the tip form a"spring"shape similar to that of a pipe-line dredging machine,so that the coaxial microcatheter system could pass through the occluded segment of the blood vessel in this shape.After confirmed that the microcatheter had entered the lumen of the distal outflow tract blood vessel,the subsequent interven-tional treatment was completed according to the conventional method.Results Eleven patients with long-segment occluded blood vessels in the lower extremity arteries were successfully treated with improving the operation method of the coaxial microcatheter system to dredge the occluded segment,and completed the interventional treatment of the affected limb blood vessels without vascu-lar rupture,vascular bleeding or arterial dissection.Conclusion Using the improved operation method of the coaxial microcatheter system to dredge the long-segment occluded blood vessels of the lower extremity arteries is simple,safe and has a high success rate,which is worthy of clinical promotion.

Objective To analyze the association between relative fat mass index(RFM)and the risk of gallstones in adults.Methods Adult participants from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey(NHANES)were included.RFM was calculated based on the participants'height and waist circumference.The history of gallstone disease was obtained through self-reports.The relationship between RFM and the risk of gallstones was assessed using Logistic regression analy-sis,smooth curve fitting and subgroup analysis.Results A total of 4,874 participants were includ-ed in the study.The RFM level of gallstone subjects was significantly higher than that of non-gallstone subjects(P＜0.001).After adjusting for various confounders,RFM level was found to be independ-ently associated with the risk of gallstones(OR=1.095,95％CI:1.022 to 1.173,P=0.010).Smooth curve fitting analysis indicated that the risk of gallstone disease also increased as RFM levels increased.The results of subgroup analysis showed no significant differences in the relationship be-tween RFM and gallstones across different populations.Conclusion Higher RFM level is associated with an increased risk of gallstones in participants.RFM may serve as an economical,effective and convenient indicator for assessing the risk of gallstones,but further prospective studies are required to validate these findings.

Objective:To apply multifunctional debridement machine in burn wounds and complicated skin ulcers of wound surgery on the basis of its convenience in application,and analyze its application value.Methods:The multi-functional debridement machine realized the design of hardware system,the design of intelligent handle,the design of frequency tracking system and other integration design,so as to deal with wound quickly and accurately.A total of 156 patients with burn wounds and complicated skin ulcers who admitted to West Branch of Qingdao Municipal Hospital from January 2022 to January 2024 were selected,and they were divided into control group(78 cases)and observation group(78 cases)by random number method.Patients in the control group were treated by using the mode with bedhead and bedside debridement and dressing change every other day,while patients in the observation group were treated by multi-functional debridement machine.The effect was analyzed after treatment.Results:The healing rate of the observation group was 93.59%,which was significantly higher than that of the control group(73.08%)(x2=11.815,P＜0.05),and the healing time of the observation group was significantly shorter than that of the control group,and the difference was statistically significant(t=10.701,P＜0.05).The scores of wound depth,range of wound injury and degree of tissue necrosis in the observation group were lower than those in the control group,and the score of growth speed of granulation tissue was significantly higher than that in the control group,and the differences were statistical significance(t=5.617,7.993,4.781,5.133,P＜0.05).The pain scores on 1st day,7th day and 14th day after dressing change in the observation group were all lower than those in the control group,and the differences were statistical significance(t=19.898,11.801,10.191,P＜0.05).The sterilization rates of wound on the 3rd day,7th day and 10th day after treatment in the observation group were all higher than these in the control group,and the differences were statistical significance(t=15.168,13.476,6.785,P＜0.05).Conclusion:The hardware system of multifunctional debridement machine has large output power,high efficiency and obvious debridement effect.It has significant advantages in the treatment of burn wounds and complicated skin ulcers of wound surgery,which can relieve the degree of wound pain,and improve the cleaning effect and promote rapid recovery of wound.

The initiative and enthusiasm of medical staff in teaching work are the sources of improving the quality of clin-ical teaching.Stimulating the teaching enthusiasm of clinical teachers is an important connotation of the sustainable and high-quality development of teaching hospital.This article aims to establish a point-based teaching performance evaluation system to evaluate clinical teachers,stimulate the enthusiasm of medical staff to participate in clinical teaching activities,and promote clin-ical standardization through teaching.

Objective To investigate the effect of the protein kinase RNA-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase(PERK)/eukaryotic initiation factor 2α(eIF2α)pathway in endoplasmic reticulum stress on the activation of hepatic stellate cells(HSC).Methods Pathological sections of normal liver tissue after surgery were collected from 11 patients with hepatic fibrosis(S1-S4)and 9 patients with hepatic hemangioma and hepatic adenoma confirmed by liver biopsy,and immunohistochemistry was used to measure the protein expression levels of PERK,eIF2α,and C/EBP homologous protein(CHOP).Human HSC-LX2 cells were treated with different concentrations of the endoplasmic reticulum stress inducer thapsigargin(0,125,250,500,and 1 000 nmol/L),and qRT-PCR was used to measure the mRNA expression level of PERK,while Western blot was used to measure the protein expression levels of PERK,inositol requiring protein 1(IRE1),activating transcription factor 6(ATF6),CHOP,and α-smooth muscle actin(α-SMA).The method of lentivirus transfection was used to construct a PERK stable overexpression LX-2 group and a control group;qRT-PCR was used to measure the mRNA expression levels of PERK,eIF2α,and α-SMA,Western blot was used to measure the protein expression levels of PERK,phosphorylated eIF2α(p-eIF2α),and α-SMA,and immunofluorescence assay was used to measure the expression of collagen type Ⅰ alpha 1(COL1A1).The independent samples t-test was used for comparison of normally distributed continuous data between two groups;a one-way analysis of variance was used for comparison between multiple groups,and the least significant difference t-test was used for further comparison between two groups.The Mann-Whitney U test was used for comparison of non-normally distributed continuous data between two groups.Results Compared with normal liver tissue,the liver tissue of patients with hepatic fibrosis had significantly higher expression levels of PERK,eIF2α,and CHOP(Z=-3.56,t=-5.75,Z=-3.52,all P<0.001).Compared with the solvent group,the groups treated with different concentrations of thapsigargin had significant increases in the expression levels of the endoplasmic reticulum-associated proteins PERK,CHOP,IRE1,ATF6,and α-SMA(all P<0.05).Compared with the control group,the PERK stable overexpression group had significant increases in the mRNA expression levels of PERK,eIF2α,and α-SMA and the protein expression levels of PERK,p-eIF2α,and α-SMA(all P<0.05),and immunofluorescence assay showed a significant increase in the expression level of COL1A1 in the PERK stable overexpression group(P<0.05).Conclusion PERK overexpression can induce the expression of α-SMA and COL1A1 in LX-2 cells,suggesting that the PERK signaling pathway might be one of the important mechanisms of HSC activation.