Real-world study (RWS), based on multi-source data from real medical environments, is gradually becoming an important supplement to traditional randomized controlled trials, and its application in the field of transfusion medicine is becoming increasingly widespread. This article systematically reviews the definition and methodological system of RWS, examines its application cases in clinical blood transfusion research, and discusses the advantages, limitations, and future research directions of RWS, aiming to provide a reference for evidence-based research in blood transfusion medicine.

Real-world study (RWS), based on multi-source data from real medical environments, is gradually becoming an important supplement to traditional randomized controlled trials, and its application in the field of transfusion medicine is becoming increasingly widespread. This article systematically reviews the definition and methodological system of RWS, examines its application cases in clinical blood transfusion research, and discusses the advantages, limitations, and future research directions of RWS, aiming to provide a reference for evidence-based research in blood transfusion medicine.

Objective: Through analyzing the current handling capabilities for complex cases in blood transfusion compatibility detection and the application status of artificial intelligence-assisted (AI-assisted) technologies, this study explores the establishment of an effective AI-augmented protocol for managing challenging blood transfusion compatibility detection. Methods: This research systematically analyzes, designs, and explores an AI-augmented operational workflow for resolving challenging blood transfusion compatibility detection cases. Through three representative case studies, we evaluate its effectiveness, accuracy, and efficiency in addressing real-world diagnostic challenges. Results: The AI-augmented operational model demonstrates significant efficacy in resolving complex blood transfusion compatibility challenges, including complex blood typing, antibody specificity identification, challenging cross-matching, and transfusion strategy formulation. Conclusion: AI-augmented technologies demonstrate immense potential in resolving complex blood transfusion compatibility detections. By enabling intelligent, automated, precise, and standardized solutions, they significantly enhance diagnostic accuracy and operational efficiency, which is critical for ensuring transfusion safety and advancing personalized transfusion medicine. This study delineates both the advantages and existing limitations of AI implementation, explores future developmental trajectories, and provides a theoretical framework and practical implementation pathways for deeper integration of AI in transfusion medicine.

The wide use of crystalline silicon solar cells in the field of new energy is an important boost for China to achieve the environmental protection goal as soon as possible. However, the production and manufacturing processes of these cells give rise to various occupational hazards at workplace, thus posing health risks to workers. This review provided an overview of production processes of crystalline silicon solar cells, the characteristics of occupational health hazards (productive dust; physical factors, productive toxicant) and proposed occupational protection suggestions.

The wide use of crystalline silicon solar cells in the field of new energy is an important boost for China to achieve the environmental protection goal as soon as possible. However, the production and manufacturing processes of these cells give rise to various occupational hazards at workplace, thus posing health risks to workers. This review provided an overview of production processes of crystalline silicon solar cells, the characteristics of occupational health hazards (productive dust; physical factors, productive toxicant) and proposed occupational protection suggestions.

Lactic acid is the main substance produced by Lactobacillus and plays an important role in maintaining a healthy vaginal microecology. Recent studies indicates that both L- and D-chiral isomers of lactic acid can be protonated and destroy the cell membranes of pathogens, thereby inhibiting bacterial vagi-nosis- and aerobic vaginitis-related pathogens. Lactic acid also can inhibit the pathogens of sexually transmit-ted diseases such as Chlamydia trachomatis and human immunodeficiency virus. Moreover, lactic acid acts as an immunomodulator to inhibit the inflammatory responses caused by pathogenic microorganisms and as an epigenetic regulator regulating gene expression in vaginal epithelial cells. In this paper, we reviewed the pro-gress in lactic acid-mediated maintenance of a healthy vaginal microbiology in recent years for providing ref-erence for further research.

Objective: To analyze the heritability of diabetes among the Chinese twin adults. Methods: A total of 10 253 same-sex twin pairs aged 25 years and older, were selected from the Chinese National Twin Registry (CNTR) program. Heritability of diabetes was calculated by using the structural equation model. Results: After adjusted for age and gender, the overall heritability rates of diabetes were 0.41 (0.15-0.75), 0.83 (0.72-0.91) and 0.34 (0.04-0.73) in the <45 and ≥45 years twin pairs, respectively. After adjusted for age, rates of heritability appeared as 0.37 (0.05-0.78) and 0.88 (0.79-0.94) in men and women, respectively. Conclusions Diabetes is affected by both genetic and environmental factors. The genetic effect of diabetes seemed stronger on female than that on male twins but was dying down along with ageing.

The evaluation of vaginal microecology has certain advantages in the accurate and rapid diagnosis of single vaginitis and mixed vaginal infections,which can reduce the rates of missed diagnosis and misdiagnosis.Moreover, this evaluation can guide the application of vaginalmicroeclogial modulators after treatment for vaginitis.At present, the currentevaluation of vaginal microecology is mainly based on morphology mainly, and supplemented by functional testing.However, functional testing needs regulation and quality control,and further clinical research is needed for the diagnosis of vaginal infections based on microbial metabolites alone.(Chin J Lab Med,2018,41:256-258)

Objective To analyze the value of vaginal microecological detection in evaluating therapeutic effect of simple vulvovaginal candidiasis(VVC), and explore microecological factors which can affect the cure rate of simple VVC.Methods 75 patients with simple VVC in Tianjin Medical University General Hospital from January 2016 to June 2017 were enrolled.Vaginal secretion was collected and applied for vaginal microecological detection.The patients were treated with clotrimazole based monotherapy later. The relationship between vaginal microecological characters and therapeutic effects was analyzed.Results PH values,leukocyte counts,flora density,flora diversity,small bacilli and cocci counts had no influence on therapeutic effects(P>0.05).The cure rate of patients with lactobacillary gradesⅠ-Ⅱa was higher than that with lactobacillary gradesⅡb-Ⅲ(83.33% vs 53.33%,P=0.033), while lower with lactobacilli≤22.8/hpf than that with lactobacilli >22.8/hpf(59.26% vs 87.50%,P=0.007), which indicate that lactobacilli counts was the main factor that affects therapeutic effects.Conclusions Vaginal microecological detection plays an important role in predicting the therapeutic effect of simple VVC.For the patients with lower lactobacillus counts,the follow-up after treatment should be strengthened.(Chin J Lab Med,2018, 41:292-295)

BACKGROUND: Imatinib has a significant pro-apoptosis effect on chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML), but there are still some patients being resistant to it. Human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (hUC-MSCs) affect the apoptosis of a variety of hematologic malignancies. However, the impacts of hUC-MSCs on the apoptosis of CML cells induced by imatinib remain unclear.OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether hUC-MSCs have an influence on the apoptosis of K562 cells induced by imatinib and to reveal the possible underlying mechanism.METHODS: K562 cells were cultured with hUC-MSCs or/and imatinib. Cellular apoptosis was measured with Annexin-V and PI staining by flow cytometry analysis. The protein expressions of Bax, Bcl-2, caspase-3, caspase-9 and cleaved-PARP in K562 cells were detected by western blot assay. Pan-caspase inhibitor Z-VAD-FMK was used to block apoptosis in each group, and during this process the effect of caspase apoptosis signaling pathway was detected.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The apoptosis of K562 cells was enhanced, when imatinib was combined with hUC-MSCs. Western blot analysis showed that the expression of pro-apoptotic protein Bax was enhenced and the expression of anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2 was suppressed. Furthermore, the cleaved forms of caspase-9, caspase-3 and PARP in K562 cell were higher in the hUC-MSCs+imatinib group than in the imatinib group. The apoptosis of K562 cells induced by the hUC-MSCs combined with imatinib was significantly inhibited by Z-VAD-FMK. In conclusion, these findings indicate that hUC-MSCs can enhance imatinib-induced apoptosis of K562 cells by activating caspase apoptosis signaling pathway.