Objective: To investigate the effect of a free pit and fissure sealing program for caries prevention on first permanent molars (six-year molars) in Haizhu District, Guangzhou, three years after its implementation in 2019. The study aims to provide a reference for the future development of pit and fissure sealing programs for children’s first permanent molars and the effective prevention and treatment of permanent tooth caries in children. Methods: A random sampling method was used. In 2022 October, 270 sixth-grade primary-school students in Haizhu District, Guangzhou, who had participated in the free pit and fissure sealing program for their first permanent molars in 2019, were placed in the sealant group. Another 223 age-matched students from the same schools who met the criteria for the pit and fissure sealing but did not participate in the program were placed in the control group. The first permanent molars of students in both groups were examined. The retention status of the sealant and the caries status of the first permanent molars were recorded for the sealant group, and the caries status of the first permanent molars was recorded for the control group. The 2022 results were compared with the results of a prior pit and fissure sealing program implemented in Haizhu District in 2011, three years after its implementation. Results: Compared with the control group, the caries rate in the sealant group decreased (15.56% vs. 21.52%, P>0.05), the caries detection rate was significantly lower (6.12% vs. 9.00%, P<0.001), and the mean number of decayed teeth was significantly reduced (0.19 vs. 0.37, P<0.001). Compared with the results of the pit and fissure sealing program in Haizhu District in 2011 (in 2014, the retention rate of the first permanent molar sealant was 65.56%, the intact rate was 42.25%, and the protection rate was 38.34%), the results of the pit and fissure sealing program in Haizhu District in 2019 [in 2022, the retention rate of the first permanent molar sealant was 86.09% (P<0.001), the intact rate was 47.00% (P<0.001), and the protection rate was 51.97%] were improved. Conclusion The quality of the pit and fissure sealing program for the first permanent molars in Haizhu District, Guangzhou in 2019 was good. It reduced the caries detection rate, and the retention rate of the sealant was maintained at a high level. However, the intact rate was less than 50%; therefore, it is necessary to vigorously promote oral-health education and examinations in all age groups, and to be attentive to the re-examination and re-sealing of fissure sealants.

BACKGROUND:Platelet-rich plasma is an important material for tissue repair and is widely used in orthopedics,wound repair,plastic surgery and other fields.The device for preparing platelet-rich plasma has become a hot spot in the field of patent applications.OBJECTIVE:To analyze the trend of patent applications for platelet-rich plasma separation devices at home and abroad.METHODS:Using the patent retrieval system of China National Intellectual Property Administration,Patsnap and Himpat patent databases,we searched the patent literature of platelet-rich plasma separation devices,and analyzed the patent application trend of platelet-rich plasma separation devices from the aspects of patent application volume,licensing rate,technical theme,typical applicant patent layout,etc.The patent retrieval system of China National Intellectual Property Administration was developed by the China National Intellectual Property Administration and includes patent data from 103 countries,regions and organizations.The Patsnap patent database was developed by PatSnap,Singapore and has 120 million patent data from more than 100 countries,providing multi-language translation and multi-language search.The Himpat patent database was developed by Himpat,China and includes more than 160 million patents from 123 countries/organizations/regions around the world since 1800,and is translated into high-fidelity Chinese and English versions,and is updated twice a week.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The patent application for platelet-rich plasma separation devices in China started about 10 years later than abroad,and the number of patent applications in China has sharply increased since 2017.The trend of patent applications abroad is relatively stable.Most domestic and foreign patent applications are in the stage of authorization and maintenance,with enterprises being the main applicants.The classification of platelet-rich plasma devices on the market is very confusing.In this study,they are divided into nine subcategories based on device structure.Chinese patent applications mainly focus on separation cylinder devices,while foreign applications focus on automated separation devices.China should be market-oriented and technology oriented,develop innovative platelet-rich plasma devices,lay out global patent layouts,and promote the development of China's medical device industry.

BACKGROUND:Platelet-rich plasma is an important material for tissue repair and is widely used in orthopedics,wound repair,plastic surgery and other fields.The device for preparing platelet-rich plasma has become a hot spot in the field of patent applications.OBJECTIVE:To analyze the trend of patent applications for platelet-rich plasma separation devices at home and abroad.METHODS:Using the patent retrieval system of China National Intellectual Property Administration,Patsnap and Himpat patent databases,we searched the patent literature of platelet-rich plasma separation devices,and analyzed the patent application trend of platelet-rich plasma separation devices from the aspects of patent application volume,licensing rate,technical theme,typical applicant patent layout,etc.The patent retrieval system of China National Intellectual Property Administration was developed by the China National Intellectual Property Administration and includes patent data from 103 countries,regions and organizations.The Patsnap patent database was developed by PatSnap,Singapore and has 120 million patent data from more than 100 countries,providing multi-language translation and multi-language search.The Himpat patent database was developed by Himpat,China and includes more than 160 million patents from 123 countries/organizations/regions around the world since 1800,and is translated into high-fidelity Chinese and English versions,and is updated twice a week.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The patent application for platelet-rich plasma separation devices in China started about 10 years later than abroad,and the number of patent applications in China has sharply increased since 2017.The trend of patent applications abroad is relatively stable.Most domestic and foreign patent applications are in the stage of authorization and maintenance,with enterprises being the main applicants.The classification of platelet-rich plasma devices on the market is very confusing.In this study,they are divided into nine subcategories based on device structure.Chinese patent applications mainly focus on separation cylinder devices,while foreign applications focus on automated separation devices.China should be market-oriented and technology oriented,develop innovative platelet-rich plasma devices,lay out global patent layouts,and promote the development of China's medical device industry.

Objective:To compare the predictive value of the HEART, TIMI and GRACE scores for major adversecardiovascular events (MACEs) at 7 and 28 days in patients with actue non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI).Methods:More than 12 000 patients with chest pain from the Emergency Department of Zhongshan Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University from October 2017 to October 2018 were studied, including 566 patients with cardiogenic chest pain, 105 patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) excluded and 15 patients lost to follow-up. Finally, 109 patients with NSTEMI and 337 non-myocardial patients with cardiogenic chest pain were enrolled. NSTEMI patients were divided into subgroups according to whether MACEs occurred. LSD t-test, Mann-Whitney U test or χ2 test were used to analyze and compare the differences between the two subgroups about the baseline data, clinical data, HEART, TIMI and GRACE scores at the time of visit. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to explore the independent factors of MACEs at 7 and 28 days. And the predictive values of different scores for 7-day MACEs and 28-day MACEs were compared in NSTEMI patients through the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. Results:Compared NSTEMI patients with non-myocardial patients with cardiogenic chest pain, we found a statistically significant differences in sex, past history of coronary heart disease,≥3 risk factors for atherosclerosis, electrocardiogram, high-sensitivity troponin T (hs-cTnT), creatinine value, past history of myocardial infarction, HEART score, TIMI score and GRACE score. In further subgroup analysis of NSTEMI patients who were divided according to whether MACEs occurred, we found previous history of stroke and increased hs-cTnT were statistically different in 7 days after the onset of the disease. The multivariate analysis showed that the previous history of stroke and increased hs-cTnT were independent factors for the occurrence of MACEs at 7 days after the onset of NSTEMI; The previous history of stroke and increased hs-cTnT, electrocardiogram ST segment depression and TIMI score were statistically different at 28 days after the onset of NSTEMI. The multivariate analysis showed that the previous history of stroke and TIMI score were independent factors for the occurrence of MACEs at 28 days after the onset of NSTEMI patients. ROC curve indicated that the predictive value of TIMI score (AUC=0.715, 95% CI: 0.482-0.948) was better than HEART (AUC=0.659, 95% CI: 0.414-0.904) and GRACE scores (AUC=0.587, 95% CI: 0.341-0.833)in predicting MACEs in NSTEMI patients. Conclusions:HEART score, TIMI score and GRACE score can be used to evaluate NSTEMI patients. There is an independent predictive value on TIMI score for the occurrence of 28-day MACEs in NSTEMI patients.

Objective: To investigate the current status and psychosocial determinants of health behavior among primary and middle school students in Henan province,and to provide a reference for the direction and priority of the health education in primary and middle schools. Methods: Through cluster sampling method, 3 603 primary school students age 9 to 15 and 2 791 secondary school students in Henan Province were investigated with Chinese version of the Adolescent Lifestyle Questionnaire(C-ALQ), General Self-efficacy Scale(GSES), Perceived Social Support Scale(PSSS), Resilience Scale for Chinese Adolescents(RSCA), Self-Esteem Scale(SES) during January to June in 2016. Results: The total score of health behavior among primary and middle school students was (80.30±16.36).There were significant differences in health behaviors among students with different gender(P<0.05), age(P<0.01), family income(P<0.01), body mass index(P<0.01), father’s education level (P<0.01) and mother’s education level(P<0.01). Health behaviors were significantly correlated with self-efficacy(r=0.26-0.42, P<0.01), social support(r=0.23-0.39, P<0.01), mental resilience(r=0.26-0.37, P<0.01), and self-esteem(r=-0.28--0.18, P<0.01). Gender, age, family monthly income, BMI, parents’ education level, self-efficacy, psychological resilience, social support and self-esteem was psychosocial determinants of healthy behaviors(P<0.05). Conclusion The engagement in health behaviors among primary and middle school students in Henan province is acceptable. Demographic and psychosocial determinants of health behaviors among primary and middle school students should be considered in health education curriculum planning.

Objective To investigate the effect of mild hypothermia on the myocardial and microcirculation dysfunction induced by epinephrine during early post-resuscitation in a rat model of cardiac arrest and cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR).Methods Transesophageal cardiac pacing was performed in order to elicit cardiac arrest for 5 min in SD male rats.Totally 40 rats were randomly (random number) divided into 4 groups (n=10):normothermic control group (N),normothermic epinephrine group (N+E),hypothermic control group (H),and hypothermic epinephrine group (H+E).Chest compression was then initiated.Epinephrine (0.02 mg/kg) or saline was administrated at 1 min during CPR.Restoration of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) was recorded,and the rates of ROSC were observed.Myocardial and microcirculatory function were observed at 1,2,3,and 4 h during early post-resuscitation.Serum lactate level was assessed at baseline and ROSC 4 h.Results The ROSC rates were 10/10 in the H+E group,9/10 in the N+E group,4/10 in the H group,and 1/10 in the N group,respectively.Ejection fraction (EF)and cardiac output (CO) in the H+E group were significantly higher than that of other groups (P＜0.05).Total vessel density,perfused vessel density,proportion of perfused vessels,and microvascular flow index in the H+E group were also significantly higher than those of other groups during early post-resuscitation.The serum lactate level in the H+E group was significantly lower than that in the N+E and H groups..Conclusions Both epinephrine and mild hypothermia can improve the success rate of resuscitation.However,mild hypothermia can improve the epinephrine induced myocardial and microcirculatory dysfunction during postresuscitation in the rat cardiac arrest.

The real-time training and mutual network system of stomatology is particularly suited for evaluating the clinical practice training process.This mutual system introduced the closed loop type mutual mode,which ensured the reliability of the evaluation in the practice teaching process by the mutual feedback between students and students,students and teachers.The system solved the deficiency of the previous open loop mutual systemand made the evaluation results more objective.The system realized the process control in practice teaching,and made progress in many ways such as improving the evaluation system of students' abilities,and promoting independent learning and feedback of the teaching.Through this system platform,the students make homework as a link to discover knowledge and further solve the problem.This system guides students to develop the abilities of independent learning and mutual learning,which combines students' mutual evaluation and teachers' evaluation,and shows teaching points comprehensively.The realtime training and mutual network system can explore an effective mean in the transformation education of stomatology,and further meet the new requirements of the social development.

Various signal transduction pathways in cells are closely related to the biological processes,while the proteins play an important role in the process of signal transductions.Proteomics,which is one of the effective methods for the study of cell signal pathways,can conduct proteomic analysis systematically as well as explore the expression of functional proteins related to the physiological characteristics in organism and in the initiation and progression of diseases.Nowadays,proteomics has been successfully applied in the studies of many kinds of signal pathways.In this paper,proteomic study in signal pathways related to liver disease,tumors,pathogenic mechanism of pathogens and metabolism are reviewed,in order to provide a reference for future research and applications of proteomics in the related fields.

Objective To discussed application effect of modified flowchart of preoperational articles in the operating room. Methods A group for the reconstructed flowchart was set up to look into the problems of traditional flowchart for articles preparation and then have the flowchart modified upon the found problems. The duration for article preparation and the flaw rate were compared between pre-and post-modification. Result The duration for preparation after modification was significantly shorter than that before modification and the flaw rate was significantly lower as well (P<0.001). Conclusion The modified flowchart for article preparation in the operation room can reduce the flaw rate and shorten the duration for article preparation, thus ensuring smooth operation.

BACKGROUND:The use of mesenchymal stem cels in the field of tissue engineering for osteoarticular injury repair is a very promising tool since these cels are readily expandable and able to differentiate into chondrocytes. Abundant evidence suggests that microRNAs play critical roles in chondrogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cels.
OBJECTIVE:To observe the chondrogenic effect of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cels transfected with lentiviral vectors bearing miR-221-3p/222-3p inhibition, thereby provding new strategies for cartilage injury.
METHODS: miRNA microarray technology was applied to detect microRNAs expression profiles at three different stages of chondrogenic differentiation induction after transforming growth factor-β3 treatment and verified by real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR). Human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cels were infected with lentivirus bearing miR-221-3p/222-3p inhibition. After co-suppressing the expression of miR-221/222-3p, cel counting kit-8 was used to determine the cel proliferation, the differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cels towards chondrocytes was verified by type II colagen protein expression through immunohistochemistry and glycosaminoglycan accumulation was also elevated by sarranine O staining. RT-PCR was used to detect type II colagen and aggrecan mRNA expression at 21 days of chondrogenic induction.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The expression of miR-221-3p/222-3p was inhibited after Lv-miR221-3p/222-3p inhibition co-transfected into bone marrow mesenchymal stem cels. microRNA microarray and RT-qPCR results showed that the expression of miR-221-3p/222-3p was declined significantly at the anaphase of chondrogenic differentiation. The expression levels of chondrogenic markers, Aggrecan and type II colagen were significantly increased in the miR-221-3p/222-3p inhibition group and cel proliferation was also inhibited significantly compared with non-transduced cels or transduced with the empty lentiviral vector group. miR-221-3p/222-3p knockdown in bone marrow mesenchymal stem cels could inhibit proliferation but promote chondrogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cels.