The concept of competency-based standardized residency training is gaining global popularity. However, the process of assessing, continuously evaluating, and conducting final competency evaluations remains challenging. The Milestones 2.0 system, developed by the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education, provides a framework for evaluating competencies in radiation oncology residents. The core objective of this system is to assess sub-competencies within core competencies, categorizing them from novice to expert across 5 levels. Evaluation occurs every 6 months, with the expectation that all residents reach level 4 in all sub-competencies by the end of their training. This approach aims to enhance the standardization of residency evaluations across the United States. This article aims to analyze the Milestones 2.0 competency framework and explore its potential applicability and reference value for standardized radiation oncology residency training in China.

The concept of competency-based standardized residency training is gaining global popularity. However, the process of assessing, continuously evaluating, and conducting final competency evaluations remains challenging. The Milestones 2.0 system, developed by the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education, provides a framework for evaluating competencies in radiation oncology residents. The core objective of this system is to assess sub-competencies within core competencies, categorizing them from novice to expert across 5 levels. Evaluation occurs every 6 months, with the expectation that all residents reach level 4 in all sub-competencies by the end of their training. This approach aims to enhance the standardization of residency evaluations across the United States. This article aims to analyze the Milestones 2.0 competency framework and explore its potential applicability and reference value for standardized radiation oncology residency training in China.

Purpose: This study identified risk factors for neurogenic lower urinary tract dysfunction (NLUTD) in patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS) through multidimensional analysis of the medical records of patients, aiming to reduce the incidence of NLUTD, improve prognosis, and facilitate rehabilitation. Materials and Methods: In this case-control study, patients with AIS were recruited from two tertiary general hospitals in Shenzhen, China, from March 2021 to October 2023. Patients were divided into NLUTD and non-NLUTD groups based on the presence and absence of NLUTD, respectively. Comparative analysis was performed using the Mann–Whitney U and chi-square tests, with significant variables being included in logistic regression analysis. Results: Of the 652 participants enrolled in this study, 119 participants (18.3%) developed NLUTD. Bivariate analysis showed that 39 of 54 screened factors exhibited a significant correlation (p<0.05) with the incidence of NLUTD after AIS. Significant variables identified through logistic regression analysis included Glasgow coma scale (GCS) and National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) scores, anemia, aphasia, pneumonia, brainstem involvement, multiple lesions, urine clarity (CLA), random venous blood glucose (GLU) and hemoglobin (HGB) levels, and white blood cell (WBC) count. Conclusions A total of 11 risk factors for NLUTD were identified in this study. This finding provides valuable guidance for reducing the incidence of NLUTD after AIS and improving the quality of life of patients.

Objective:To explore the effects of dietary glycemic load (GL) during first trimester on the risk of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM).Methods:A prospective study was conducted among healthy women with singleton pregnancy at 8-14 weeks of gestation in a maternity out-patient clinic of maternal-and-child health care institution in Chengdu, Sichuan province. Information on dietary intake during the first trimester was collected through a 3-day 24-hour dietary recall. Glycemic index (GI) values were obtained from China Food Composition Tables (Standard Edition) and International Tables of Glycemic Index and Glycemic Load Values (2008). Dietary GL and GLs of staple foods were calculated based on GI values and the amount of carbohydrate consumed per day. Diagnostic criteria of GDM was followed the Guidelines for Diagnosis and Treatment of Pregnancy Diabetes in China (2014), and used on participants who underwent an oral glucose tolerant test during 24-28 weeks of gestation. Log-binomial regression models were used to explore the associations between both quartiles of dietary GL, GLs of staple foods and the risks of GDM,respectively.Results:The medians of dietary GL and GL of staple foods were 145.70 (113.23-180.85) and 121.05 (89.08-155.70), respectively. The median GL of both rice and tubers were 73.14 (43.89-107.50) and 3.43 (0.00-9.84), respectively. After adjusting for the age at pregnancy, pre-pregnancy body mass index and other confounding factors, results of log-binomial regressions analysis showed that when compared with the lowest quartile of dietary GL group, the third and highest quartiles of dietary GL groups increased the risk of GDM ( RR=1.47, 95% CI: 1.20-1.80; RR=1.31, 95% CI: 1.04-1.64), respectively. Compared with the lowest quartile of GL of staple foods, the third and highest quartiles of GL of staple foods groups also increased the risk of GDM ( RR=1.28, 95% CI: 1.04-1.58; RR=1.27, 95% CI: 1.02-1.60), respectively. The third and highest quartiles of GL of rice groups increased the risk of GDM ( RR=1.30, 95% CI: 1.06-1.59; RR=1.28, 95% CI: 1.03-1.59), respectively, than the lowest quartile of GL of rice group. When compared with the lowest quartile of GL of tubers group, the highest quartile of GL of tubers group increased the risk of GDM ( RR=1.30, 95% CI: 1.09-1.54). However, we did not notice the effects of wheat GL and coarse grain GL on the risk of GDM. Conclusions:A positive association was found between dietary glycemic load and the risk of GDM. Higher dietary glycemic load, especially in rice and tubers during first trimester, seemed to have increased the risk of GDM.

A study on the dietary pattern and nutritional levels of the inhabitants in Jiangsu province was carried out by means of both analysis of food consumption and dietary survey. The results showed that the problem of basic need for food has been resolved in this province since the 1980's mid-period, but animal food consumption was still low relatively.Compared with the data obtained from dietary survey, the amount of grain consumed per capita per day obtained from calculation of food consumption was about 70 g more and the amount of animal food 18 g less. The intakes of energy and nutrients obtained from the two methods were different, but from animal sources showing about 4% higher in the latter. This suggested that the results from dietary survey was nearer to the actual status.The results indicated a tendency lying in the period of adjustment of food pattern. It also demonstrated the imbalance status for some nutrients intake.The difference of the food pattern and nutritional level between rural and urban was distinct and the difference also existed in intercountries. The health index of the inhabitants was better in the recent years but the correlation between the physical index and nutritional level hasn't been established yet.We suggested to increase animal food and beans intake properly, However the animal fat intake must be controlled. A goal was presented about the dietary pattern for the inhabitants in Jiangsu province in 2000. Various demands should de given according to the various area conditions.In addition, some discussion about the DDP score method has been made.