Attempts have been made to modulate motor sequence learning (MSL) through repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation, targeting different sites within the sensorimotor network. However, the target with the optimum modulatory effect on neural plasticity associated with MSL remains unclarified. This study was therefore designed to compare the role of the left primary motor cortex and the left supplementary motor area proper (SMAp) in modulating MSL across different complexity levels and for both hands, as well as the associated neuroplasticity by applying intermittent theta burst stimulation together with the electroencephalogram and concurrent transcranial magnetic stimulation. Our data demonstrated the role of SMAp stimulation in modulating neural communication to support MSL, which is achieved by facilitating regional activation and orchestrating neural coupling across distributed brain regions, particularly in interhemispheric connections. These findings may have important clinical implications, particularly for motor rehabilitation in populations such as post-stroke patients.
Humans ; Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation ; Motor Cortex/physiology* ; Male ; Electroencephalography ; Neuronal Plasticity/physiology* ; Female ; Adult ; Evoked Potentials, Motor/physiology* ; Young Adult ; Learning/physiology*

Objective:To explore the effectiveness of nursing based on the Roy model in patients with Guillain-Barre syndrome (GBS) .Methods:Convenience sampling was used to select 55 patients with GBS at the First People's Hospital of Shangqiu between January 2020 and May 2024 as study subjects. Patients were divided into an intervention group ( n=28) and a control group ( n=27). Control group received conventional nursing, while intervention group received nursing based on Roy adaptation model. The recovery time, psychological state, and social support of the two groups of patients were compared. Results:Intervention group demonstrated shorter recovery times, lower anxiety and depression scores, and higher Social Support Rating Scale scores compared to control group, with all differences being statistically significant ( P<0.05) . Conclusions:The Roy model nursing in this study of GBS patients, effectively improves recovery outcomes, psychological state, and social support among GBS patients through comprehensive assessment, personalized nursing intervention, and ongoing evaluation.

Objective:To explore the effectiveness of nursing based on the Roy model in patients with Guillain-Barre syndrome (GBS) .Methods:Convenience sampling was used to select 55 patients with GBS at the First People's Hospital of Shangqiu between January 2020 and May 2024 as study subjects. Patients were divided into an intervention group ( n=28) and a control group ( n=27). Control group received conventional nursing, while intervention group received nursing based on Roy adaptation model. The recovery time, psychological state, and social support of the two groups of patients were compared. Results:Intervention group demonstrated shorter recovery times, lower anxiety and depression scores, and higher Social Support Rating Scale scores compared to control group, with all differences being statistically significant ( P<0.05) . Conclusions:The Roy model nursing in this study of GBS patients, effectively improves recovery outcomes, psychological state, and social support among GBS patients through comprehensive assessment, personalized nursing intervention, and ongoing evaluation.

Objective To investigate the clinical significance of the expression of antioxidant 1 copper chaperone protein(ATOX1)in hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)and its relationship with tumor proliferation,migration and invasion.Methods The expression of ATOX1 mRNA in HCC cancer tissue and normal liver tissue was analyzed using the Human Genome Atlas database.Immunohistochemical experiment was used to detect the expression of ATOX1 in 15 cases of HCC cancer tissue and adjacent tissue.Human HCC cell lines Hep3B and HepG2 were divided into the control group(NC),the ATOX1 knockdown group 1(si-ATOX1#1)and the ATOX1 knockdown group 2(si-ATOX1#2).The effects of ATOX1 knockdown on the malignant biological behavior of HCC cells were observed through CCK-8 cell proliferation experiment,scratch experiment and Transwell invasion experiments.A nude mouse xenograft tumor model was constructed to analyze the effect of ATOX1 knockdown on the quality and volume of transplanted tumors.Western blot assay was used to detect the relationship between ATOX1 and JAK2/STAT3 pathway protein expression.Results Bioinformatics analysis showed that expression of ATOX1 mRNA in HCC cancer tissue was higher than that in adjacent normal tissue(P＜0.05).The immunohistochemical staining results showed that the positive rate of ATOX1 protein was higher in HCC cancer tissue than that in adjacent tissue(93.33%vs.13.33%,P＜0.01).In vitro experimental results showed that siRNA knockdown of ATOX1 protein expression in Hep3B and HepG2 cells significantly reduced the proliferation,migration and invasion abilities of cancer cells(P＜0.05).In vivo experiments in mice showed that the volume and weight of subcutaneous xenograft tumors were significantly smaller in the sh-ATOX1 group than those in the sh-con group(P＜0.05).The expression levels of JAK2/STAT3 pathway-related proteins p-JAK2,p-STAT3,CyclinD1 and MMP2 were significantly lower in the subcutaneous transplanted tumor tissue of the sh-ATOX1 group than that of the sh-con group(P＜0.05).Conclusion ATOX1 can promote the proliferation,migration and invasion of HCC through JAK2/STAT3 pathway,which can potentially become a potential tumor marker and therapeutic target.

Objective:To explore the abnormal features of cortical thickness of brain regions in patients with alcohol dependence (PADs) after acute detoxication and the correlation with clinical features of PADs.Methods:In this study, male inpatients with alcohol dependence (patient group, n=33) and healthy controls (control group, n=35) matched with age and education were enrolled during the period of Apr 2017 to Apr 2018. Brain functional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data, general demographic and clinical information were collected. FreeSurfer software was used to process the MRI data and compute the bilateral cortical thickness across 74 brain regions. Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) was performed to analyse the differences of cortical thickness in different brain regions between the two groups, and the correlation between the cortex thickness and their clinical features in PADs was explored by using correlation analysis. Results:Compared with HCs, PADs showed significantly decreased cortical thickness of brain regions in the left middle and pole occipital, right superior occipital gyri, bilateral superior and inferior parietal gyri, and right intraparietal sulcus (all P<0.000 34, after Bonferroni correction). Positive correlation was found between the thickness of left superior parietal gyrus (SPG) and initial drinking age ( r=0.428, P=0.024) in PADs. Conclusion:The cortex thickness reduction of bilateral posterior parietal cortex might be a more characteristic injury in PADs. Furthermore, the initial drinking age may have a more obvious effect on the cortex of the left SPG.

Objective:To explore the abnormal features of cortical thickness of brain regions in patients with alcohol dependence (PADs) after acute detoxication and the correlation with clinical features of PADs.Methods:In this study, male inpatients with alcohol dependence (patient group, n=33) and healthy controls (control group, n=35) matched with age and education were enrolled during the period of Apr 2017 to Apr 2018. Brain functional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data, general demographic and clinical information were collected. FreeSurfer software was used to process the MRI data and compute the bilateral cortical thickness across 74 brain regions. Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) was performed to analyse the differences of cortical thickness in different brain regions between the two groups, and the correlation between the cortex thickness and their clinical features in PADs was explored by using correlation analysis. Results:Compared with HCs, PADs showed significantly decreased cortical thickness of brain regions in the left middle and pole occipital, right superior occipital gyri, bilateral superior and inferior parietal gyri, and right intraparietal sulcus (all P<0.000 34, after Bonferroni correction). Positive correlation was found between the thickness of left superior parietal gyrus (SPG) and initial drinking age ( r=0.428, P=0.024) in PADs. Conclusion:The cortex thickness reduction of bilateral posterior parietal cortex might be a more characteristic injury in PADs. Furthermore, the initial drinking age may have a more obvious effect on the cortex of the left SPG.

Objective To study the characteristics of spontaneous neural activity of schizophrenia patients under resting state,and to explore the neuropathological mechanism of brain dysfunction in schizophrenia with violent behaviors based on the methods of the amplitude of low frequency fluctuation (ALFF) and the fractional amplitude of low frequency fluctuation (fALFF),using resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI).Methods Thirty-five patients diagnosed with schizophrenia by ICD-10 were included in the study,and divided into the violent and non-violent group by the Modified Overt Aggression Scale (MOAS) score.The Positive and Negative Symptom Scale (PANSS) was used to assess the severity of clinical symptoms.The DPABI V2.3 (Data Processing & Analysis of Brain Imaging,DPABI) software was run on MATLAB2017b platform,the MRI data were preprocessed and were analyzed by ALFF and fALFF.Two-sample t-test was compared by DPABI software to recognize the differences between the two groups.The Pearson correlation analysis of ALFF/fALFF and PANSS scores were carried out.Results Compared with non-violent group (n=17),the ALFF values decreased in the Parietal_Sup_R and Parietal_Inf_R (AAL),and the fALFF increased in the bilateral inferior cerebellum lobe and Thalamus_L(AAL) in violent group (n=18).All the results were corrected by GRF (voxel level P＜0.01,cluster level P＜0.05).Pearson correlation analysis shows that the ALFF values of all schizophrenia (n=35) were positively correlated with PANSS-NS in the right inferior cerebellum lobe,Vermis,and Temporal_Mid_R (AAL,r=0.437,0.610,0.656 respectively).And the fALFF values of all schizophrenia (n=35) were negatively correlated with PANSS-NS in the Angular_R (AAL,r=-0.723) and positively correlated with PANSS-P7 scores in the Frontal_Sup_Medial_L (AAL,r=0.647) respectively.All the results were corrected by GRF (voxel level P＜0.01,cluster level P＜0.05).Conclusions The ALFF/fALFF abnormalities of schizophrenia patients with violent behaviors are in multiple brain regions,suggesting that violent schizophrenia patients may have abnormal spontaneous neural activity in several brain regions.

Objective:To explore the neuropathological mechanism of brain dysfunction in schizophrenia with violent behaviors based on the methods of surface-based morphometry, using structural magnetic resonance imaging.Methods:Thirty-eight patients diagnosed with schizophrenia by ICD-10 were included in the study. The Modified Overt Aggression Scale (MOAS) was used to assess patient′s violent behaviors. Patients were divided into two groups based on the total score of MOAS, the violent and non-violent group. The CAT12 software was employed to recognize the cortex thickness and fractal dimension values differences between the two groups. Correlated analysis of cortex thickness/fractal dimension and PANSS scores were carried out.Results:Compared with non-violent group ( n=18), the cortex thickness values of the violent group ( n=20) decreased in the left lingual ( t=4.11, P=0.000 11), insula ( t=3.48, P=0.000 66), precentral ( t=3.52, P=0.000 60) and right precentral ( t=3.94, P=0.000 18), supramarginal ( t=3.72, P=0.000 34), postcentral ( t=3.72, P=0.000 34), inferiorparietal gyrus region ( t=3.64, P=0.000 43; P<0.001, uncorrected); the cortex fractal dimension of the violent group increased in the left postcentral ( t=3.86, P=0.000 23) and decreased in the right precuneus ( t=3.62, P=0.000 44; P<0.001, uncorrected). The PANSS psychopathology scores were positively correlated with the cortex fractal dimension value of left postcentral ( r=0.56, P=0.000 17), and total scores were positively correlated with the cortex fractal dimension value in the left postcentral ( r=0.53, P=0.000 40) and the left fusiform ( r=0.50, P=0.000 47); the cortex fractal dimension value of right superiorparietal ( r=0.62, P=0.000 03), inferiorparietal ( r=0.62, P=0.000 03), postcentral( r=0.57, P=0.000 12), inferiortemporal ( r=0.56, P=0.000 17) were positively correlated with PANSS negative scores. Conclusion:The brain structural differences between schizophrenia patients with violent behaviors and those without suggest that schizophrenia patients show abnormal distribution, density and connectivity of neurons across cortical layers.

Objective:To explore the improvement rate of the cognitive function of computerized cognitive remediation therapy (CCRT) on patients with schizophrenia and the clinical effect of CCRT in patients with different levels of cognitive impairment.Methods:A random number table was used to divide 311 patients with schizophrenia into CCRT group ( n=196) and work and amusement therapy (WAT) group ( n=115). The independently developed CCRT and operational music and dance therapy were given for 12 weeks to two treatment groups respectively. All patients were assessed using the MATRICS Consensus Cognitive Battery (MCCB) before and after treatment. According to the total score of MCCB at baseline, the patient′s cognition function was divided into 4 levels: severe cognitive impairment, moderate cognitive impairment, mild cognitive impairment and normal cognitive function. According to the change of MCCB total score, the efficacy of the treatment was divided into 3 levels: no improvement (≤0 points), improvement (0-9.57 points), superior improvement (>9.57 points). The improvement rate of cognitive function between two treatment groups was compared. Results:In the CCRT group, there were 19 cases with superior improvement, 105 cases with improvement, and 46 cases with no improvement. In the WAT group, there were 7 cases with superior improvement, 39 cases with improvement, and 41 cases with no improvement. The improvement of cognitive function of CCRT group was better than that of WAT group, and the difference was statistically significant ( Z=2.978, P=0.003). The patients with serious cognitive impairment in the CCRT group had a higher improvement rate than those in the WAT group ( Z=1.860, P=0.032). The patients with moderate cognitive impairment in the CCRT group had a lower no improvement rate than those in the WAT ( Z=-1.817, P=0.035).The patients with mild cognitive impairment in the CCRT group had a lower no improvement rate ( Z=-3.294, P=0.001) and higher improvement rate and superior improvement rate ( Z=2.084, P=0.019; Z=1.969, P=0.025) than those in the WAT group. There was no statistically significant difference in improvement rate between patients with normal cognitive function in the CCRT group and in the WAT group ( P>0.05).The patients with improvement and superior improvement of cognition were combined as responder, and the two treatment groups were compared. The patients with mild cognitive impairment in the CCRT group had a higher improvement rate than those in the WAT group (77.2%（44/57） vs. 41.4%（12/29），χ2=10.853， P=0.001). However, for patients with serious and moderate cognitive impairment or with normal cognitive function at baseline, rates of improvement after treatment did not differ significantly between CCRT group and WAT group. According to Cohen′s d, the level of effect size in cognition improvement after CCRT treatment in patients with different cognitive dysfunction level was: mild cognitive impairment (0.59)>moderate cognitive impairment (0.48)>normal cognitive function (-0.12)>serious cognitive impairment (-0.24). Conclusions:Schizophrenic patients treated with CCRT had a higher improvement rate of cognitive function than those with WAT, and the improvement rate of cognitive function is higher in patients with mild cognitive impairment after CCRT treatment.

This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of Chinese herbal medicine (CHM) in patients with severe/critical coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). In this retrospective study, data were collected from 662 patients with severe/critical COVID-19 who were admitted to a designated hospital to treat patients with severe COVID-19 in Wuhan before March 20, 2020. All patients were divided into an exposed group (CHM users) and a control group (non-users). After propensity score matching in a 1:1 ratio, 156 CHM users were matched by propensity score to 156 non-users. No significant differences in seven baseline clinical variables were found between the two groups of patients. All-cause mortality was reported in 13 CHM users who died and 36 non-users who died. After multivariate adjustment, the mortality risk of CHM users was reduced by 82.2% (odds ratio 0.178, 95% CI 0.076-0.418; P < 0.001) compared with the non-users. Secondly, age (odds ratio 1.053, 95% CI 1.023-1.084; P < 0.001) and the proportion of severe/critical patients (odds ratio 0.063, 95% CI 0.028-0.143; P < 0.001) were the risk factors of mortality. These results show that the use of CHM may reduce the mortality of patients with severe/critical COVID-19.
Age Factors ; Aged ; COVID-19/therapy* ; China ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal/therapeutic use* ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Middle Aged ; Odds Ratio ; Propensity Score ; Retrospective Studies ; Survival Rate