Objective To analyze changes in intestinal microbiota composition and metabolites in mice with nitrous oxide poisoning using 16S rDNA sequencing and metabolomics,and to examine correlations between gut microbes and metabolites in order to explore the mechanisms of nitrous oxide poisoning.Methods C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into a control group and a nitrous oxide poisoning group(n=6).The poisoning group was exposed to 90,000 ppm nitrous oxide twice daily for 1 h over 28 days,while the control group was exposed to air.Fecal samples were collected 24 h after the last exposure.16S rDNA sequencing was used to analyze structural differences in microbial communities and identify significantly different taxa.Metabolomics analysis was performed to detect changes in fecal metabolites and identify differential metabolites.Correlation analysis was conducted between differential microbiota and metabolites.Results 16S rDNA sequencing showed that the poisoning group had increased microbial abundance compared with controls,while species diversity remained unchanged.Significant differences were observed in gut microbiota structure between groups.Metabolomics identified 112 differential metabolites related to nitrous oxide poisoning,mainly involving the cAMP signaling pathway and sphingolipid metabolism.Spearman correlation analysis revealed a strong association between differential microbiota and differential metabolites.Conclusion Nitrous oxide poisoning alters the structure and metabolic profiles of intestinal microbiota.Changes in microbial abundance affect multiple metabolic pathways,which may be related to damage to the nervous and hematological systems.These findings provide a basis for further research on the mechanisms of nitrous oxide poisoning and for clinical treatment.

The nervous system, as the core hub of physiological regulation in the human body, plays a key role in the tumor microenvironment through the neuro-immune-tumor axis. Studies have shown that tumor-infiltrating nerve fibers regulate immune cell functions by releasing neurotransmitters, while immune cells can feedback and modulate neuronal activity, forming a dynamic bidirectional interaction network. The emerging field of cancer neuroimmunology focuses on the complex dialogue mechanisms between the nervous and immune systems in the tumor microenvironment. In-depth analysis of the neuro-immune interaction network not only provides new perspectives for understanding tumor immune escape, but also lays the theoretical foundation for developing novel combination therapies targeting the neuro-immune axis, potentially providing breakthrough strategies to overcome resistance to current immunotherapies.

With continuous advancements in medical technology, the increasing detection rate of early gastric cancer, and the growing emphasis on postoperative quality of life among both patients and physicians, function-preserving gastrectomy (FPG) has emerged as a critical surgical approach. In May 2021, the publication of Chinese expert consensus on function-preserving gastrectomy for gastric cancer (2021)" (hereafter referred to as the "Consensus") marked the first systematic elaboration of the definition, indications, and surgical techniques of FPG in China, thereby facilitating its standardized implementation nationwide. In recent years, the rapid evolution of emerging technologies such as functional visualization, lymph node mapping, vascular navigation, and artificial intelligence has further refined the conceptual framework and clinical applications of FPG. Concurrently, the release of pivotal clinical research findings has provided high-level evidence to inform key therapeutic strategies within FPG. Against this backdrop, we convened a panel of leading experts in the field to update and expand the "Consensus" by integrating recent advancements in research and clinical practice. The revised version includes 13 specific recommendations, further enhancing its value as a practical guide for clinical decision-making. This article aims to provide an in-depth interpretation of the updated recommendations outlined in the revised "Consensus."

Objective:To explore the optimal age cutoff for diagnosis and the prognosis of early-onset gastric cancer in young patients.Methods:Clinicopathological data of patients with gastric adenocarcinoma aged ≤45 years who had undergone radical gastrectomy in the Department of Gastric Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center from January 2013 to December 2018 were retrospectively collected. Patients with distant metastases, other malignant tumors, combined organ resection, gastric stump cancer, positive margin, and incomplete clinical or follow-up data were excluded. X-tile software analysis of the actual overall survival of the collected cases yielded an optimal cut-off of 32 years. Accordingly, the enrolled cases were divided into an early-onset young group (age ≤32 years) and young adult group (age >32 years). Clinicopathological characteristics, long-term survival, and postoperative recurrence were compared between the two groups. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed using the Cox proportional hazards model to identify the factors affecting the prognosis of young patients with gastric cancer.Results:The study cohort comprised 462 patients, including 256 (55.4%) women, 419 (90.7%) with middle and lower gastric cancers, and 343 (74.2%) with poorly differentiated tumors. There were 101 patients in the early-onset young group and 361 in the young adult group. These groups did not differ significantly in terms of sex, body mass index, tumor location, tumor size, surgical procedure, neurovascular invasion, or tumor stage (all P>0.05). The proportion of patients with poorly differentiated tumors in the early-onset young group was significantly higher than that in the young adult group (89.1%[90/101] vs. 70.1%[253/361], χ 2=15.26, P<0.001). All study patients completed 5 years of follow-up, the median duration of which was 101 months (61-133 months). Death or tumor recurrence occurred in 151 patients (32.7%), in 118 of whom the sites of recurrence and metastasis could be identified, 38 in the early-onset young group and 80 in the young adult group. Fifty-five (46.6%) patients developed peritoneal metastases and 40 (33.9%) hematogenous metastases. In the early-onset young group, 20 patients developed peritoneal metastases, 11 hematogenous metastases, five distant lymph node metastases, and two local recurrence. In the young adult group, 35 patients developed peritoneal metastases, 29 hematogenous metastases, six local recurrences, and 10 distant lymph node metastases. The 5-year overall survival and disease-free survival rates were significantly higher in the young adult group than in the early-onset young group (73.7% vs. 57.4%, P=0.002 and 70.6% vs. 55.4%, P=0.004, respectively). Cox multivariate analysis showed that age >32 years (HR=0.63, 95%CI: 0.43-0.90, P=0.012) was an independent protective factor for overall survival, whereas later N stage (HR=1.67, 95%CI:1.09-2.57, P=0.018) was an independent risk factor for overall survival after surgery ( P<0.05). Age >32 years (HR=0.60, 95%CI: 0.41-0.86, P=0.006) was also an independent protective factor for disease-free survival, whereas later N stage was an independent risk factor (HR=1.69, 95%CI: 1.08-2.64, P=0.021). Conclusion:Young patients with early-onset gastric cancer aged ≤32 years have worse tumor differentiation and prognosis.

The rapid development of immunotherapy has changed the treatment pattern of gastric cancer surgery, constantly advancing from the battlefield of advanced gastric cancer treatment to neoadjuvant therapy. The combination of immunotherapy and chemotherapy has become a new trend in the treatment of locally advanced gastric cancer. This change has prompted us to re-examine the concept of traditional radical surgery for gastric cancer, especially for lymph node dissection, it presents new challenges. As the core site of immune response, lymph node dissection strategy has become one of the key factors affecting the overall efficacy of gastric cancer, and it urgently needs to be re optimized and evaluated in the wave of immunotherapy. Thus, a more precise and personalized new paradigm for radical gastric cancer surgery can be established, ultimately achieving multiple improvements in short-term and long-term efficacy, as well as quality of life.

Objective:To establish the minimum number of negative lymph nodes (nLN) required for patients undergoing gastrectomy.Methods:This was a retrospective cohort study with inclusion criteria as follows: (1) radical gastrectomy; (2) histologically confirmed adenocarcinoma; (3) complete tumor staging information; and (4) known number of lymph nodes harvested. The exclusion criteria were: (1) other concurrent malignant tumors; (2) metastatic or recurrent gastric cancer; (3) initial surgery performed at another hospital; (4) preoperative neoadjuvant therapy; (5) distant metastasis; and (6) incomplete clinical data or follow-up information. Based on the above criteria, a total of 11 167 patients with gastric adenocarcinoma who underwent radical subtotal gastrectomy (RSG) or radical total gastrectomy (RTG) in the Department of Gastric Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center between January 1, 2000, and December 31, 2022, were included in the study. Among them, there were 7 596 cases in the RSG group and 3 571 cases in the RTG group. Restricted cubic spline (RCS) analysis was used to determine the ideal threshold for nLN for RSG and RTG patients. Survival analysis was conducted using Kaplan-Meier (KM) curves and log-rank tests, and propensity score matching (PSM) was utilized to balance parameters between two groups. Furthermore, subgroup analysis was conducted for RSG patients based on tumor location (upper, middle and lower) to determine the minimum number of nLN in each subgroup.Results:For patients who underwent RSG, the mean number of nLN was 21.9, with a median of 21. RCS analysis showed that more than 21 nLN was associated with better survival. Moreover, both pre- and post-PSM analysis confirmed that patients with nLN ≥21 had better survival benefits compared to those with nLN <21 (overall survival [OS]: P<0.001 before PSM, P=0.013 after PSM; disease-free survival [DFS]: P<0.001 before PSM, P=0.013 after PSM). For patients who underwent RTG, the mean number of nLN was 23.5, with a median of 22. Here RCS analysis indicated that more than 22 nLN was associated with better postoperative survival in RTG patients, and both pre- and post-PSM analysis confirmed that patients with nLN ≥22 had better survival benefits compared to those with nLN<22 (OS: P<0.001 both before and after PSM; DFS: P<0.001 both before and after PSM). Subgroup analysis showed that for RSG patients with tumor located in the upper part, having ≥17 nLN (OS: both P<0.001), and for RSG patients with tumor located in the middle and lower part, having ≥22 nLN (OS: both P<0.001), were associated with better prognoses. Conclusions:For patients who receive RSG, the minimal number of nLN is ideally ≥21 (upper ≥17, middle and lower ≥22). Similarly, for patients who receive RTG, the minimum number of nLN ideally is 22.

BACKGROUND:Crosslinked sodium hyaluronate gel has good mechanical property,biocompatibility,and biodegradability,and can be used as an isolated protective material in tumor radiation therapy to protect endangered organs from damage caused by excess radiation dose. OBJECTIVE:To investigate the safety and efficacy of crosslinked sodium hyaluronate gel in reducing the dose of radiation to dangerous organs during brachytherapy. METHODS:A total of 16 specific pathogen-free Kunming mice of the same age and similar body weight were selected as experimental subjects and divided into experimental group and control group by the random number table method,with 8 mice in each group.125I seeds were implanted subcutaneously in the back of mice in the experimental group,and then crosslinked sodium hyaluronate gel was injected around the radioactive particles.Only 125I seeds were implanted subcutaneously in the back of mice in the control group.After injection,the distance between the radioactive particles and the epidermis was measured by spiral CT scan,and the surface radiation dose was measured by radiation dosimeter.Within 10 weeks after injection,the growth state,survival rate,skin radiation damage,and gel retention of mice were observed. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)Spiral CT scan showed that the implanted gel was relatively concentrated and created an effective distance between the radioactive seeds and the epidermis.The body surface radiation dose of the experimental group was significantly lower than that of the control group(P<0.01).(2)During the experimental observation period,mice in both groups survived;mice in the control group showed obvious irritability and other unstable behavior in the late experimental period,and some mice in the experimental group showed similar behavior.The daily food intake of mice in the two groups had no significant change,and the body mass showed the same increasing trend.After implantation of radioactive seeds,the two groups of mice showed different degrees of radioactive skin injury.From day 23 after injection to the end of the experiment,the skin radiation injury score of the experimental group was lower than that of the control group(P<0.01).At week 10 after implantation,6 mice in the experimental group had no obvious gel residue under their skin,and 2 mice had a very small amount of scattered gel-like samples under their skin.(3)Therefore,the crosslinked sodium hyaluronate injection technique can increase the space between the radioactive target area of 125I seeds and the organ at risk outside the target through physical space occupying,which can effectively reduce the dose of the organ at risk,and play a role in the isolation and protection of the organ at risk.

Objective: To explore the relationship between psychological resilience and attention bias towards negative information in secondary vocational school students, so as to provide reference for developing their mental health work. Methods: In May, 2024, 177 secondary vocational students were selected from the technical secondary vocational school by convenient sampling method. The experiment utilized a mixed experimental design of 2 (group: high psychological resilience group, low psychological resilience group) ×2 (type of stimulus: negative stimulus, neutral stimulus). Adolescents were divided into the high psychological resilience group ( n =32) and the low psychological resilience group ( n =31) based on their scores from the Adolescent Psychological Resilience Scale. Both groups completed the classical dot probing task, with correct rate, reaction time serving and attention biasvalues as primary indicators to assess attention bias. Repeated measures ANOVA was used to compare the reaction time and accuracy of attention bias tasks between two groups of participants, and Pearson correlation analysis was performed on the five dimensions of psychological resilience and attention bias values. Results: The low resilience group exhibited significantly faster response time to negative stimuli compared to neutral stimuli [(579.11±85.44, 586.13±78.92)ms, F (1,61)=5.93, P <0.05]. Additionally, the accuracy of responses to negative stimuli in the low resilience group was significantly lower than that of neutral stimuli [(0.93±0.12, 0.95±0.09), F (1,61)=12.81, P <0.01]. Attention bias values were significantly higher in the low resilience group (7.03±18.43) compared to the high resilience group (-2.54±13.39) ( t =2.36, P <0.05). Pearson correlation analysis revealed a marginally significant negative correlation between the interpersonal assistance (2.85±0.77) and attention bias values (2.20±16.65) ( r=-0.25, P <0.05). Conclusion Secondary vocational school students with low psychological resilience showed a significant attention bias towards negative emotional stimuli, which may render them more susceptible to such stimuli.

Objective:To investigate the influencing factors and prognosis of early recurrence after gastrectomy for gastric cancer.Methods:The retrospective cohort study was conducted. The clinicopathological data of 2 078 patients who underwent gastrectomy for gastric cancer at six medical centers across China, including Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center et al, between January 2012 and June 2023 were collected. There were 1 449 males and 629 females, aged (59±11) years. Patients were classified as early recurrence and late recurrence based on the time of post-operative recurrence. Observation indicators: (1) comparison of clinicopathological characteristics between gastric cancer patients with different recurrence types; (2) recurrence and metastasis of tumor; (3) survival of patients after postoperative recurrence of gastric cancer; (4) analysis of influencing factors for early recurrence after gastrectomy for gastric cancer. Comparison of measurement data with normal distribution between groups was conducted using the independent sample t test. Comparison of measurement data with skewed distribution between groups was conducted using the Mann-Whitney U test. Comparison of count data between groups was conducted using the chi-square test. Comparison of ordinal data between groups was conducted using the rank sum test. Multivariate analysis was conducted using the Logistic regression model. Kaplan-Meier method was used to calculate survival rate and plot survival curve, and Log-rank test was used for survival analysis. Results:(1) Comparison of clinicopathological characteristics between gastric cancer patients with different recurrence types. Among the 2 078 patients, 1 452 cases had early recurrence and 626 cases had late recurrence. There were significant differences in preoperative carcinoembryonic antigen, preoperative CA19-9, preoperative CA72-4, preoperative albumin, tumor diameter, neoadjuvant therapy, R 0 resection, combined organ resection, scope of gastric resection, nerve and vessel infiltration, degree of tumor differentiation, pathological N staging, pathological TNM staging between early and late recurrence patients ( P<0.05). (2) Recurrence and metastasis of tumor. Among the 2 078 patients, 200 cases had local recurrence, 1 213 cases had hematogenous metastases, 392 cases had distant lymph node metastases, and 731 cases had peritoneal metastases. Among the 1 452 early recurrence patients, 142 cases had local recurrence, 834 cases had hematogenous metastases, 289 cases had distant lymph node metastases, and 507 cases had peritoneal metastases. Among the 626 late recurrence patients, 58 cases had local recurrence, 379 cases had hematogenous metastases, 103 cases had distant lymph node metastases, and 224 cases had peritoneal metastases. One patient may have multiple forms of recurrence and metastasis. There was no significant difference in the above indica-tors between early and late recurrence patients ( χ2=0.13, 1.74, 3.40, 0.14, P>0.05). (3) Survival of patients after postoperative recurrence of gastric cancer. All 2 078 patients were followed up until death after recurrence, with a follow-up time of 31(range, 9?147)months. The 1-, 2-, 3-, and 5-year overall survival rates after recurrence were 33.5%, 17.2%, 10.1%, and 3.3% in early recurrence patients, versus 44.2%, 21.6%, 12.8%, and 5.8% in late recurrence patients, respectively, showing a significant difference in overall survival after recurrence between the two groups ( hazard ratio=0.84, 95% confidence interval as 0.76?0.92, P<0.05). (4) Analysis of influencing factors for early recurrence after gastrectomy for gastric cancer. Results of multivariate analysis showed that combined organ resection, total gastrectomy, pathological TNM staging as stage Ⅲ were independent risk factors for early recurrence after gastrectomy for gastric cancer ( odds ratio=1.31, 1.32, 1.34, 95% confidence interval as 1.01?1.70, 1.06?1.65, 1.05?1.71, P<0.05) and normal preoperative tumor markers, neoadjuvant therapy, R 0 resection were independent protective factors for early recurrence ( odds ratio=0.61, 0.50, 0.38, 95% confidence interval as 0.49?0.76, 0.35?0.72, 0.25?0.58, P<0.05). Conclusions:Compared with patients with late recurrence after gastric cancer surgery, patients with early recurrence have a poor prognosis, in which liver metastases is more common. Combine organ resection, total gastrectomy, pathological TNM staging as stage Ⅲ are independent risk factors for early recurrence, and normal preoperative tumor markers, neoadjuvant therapy, R 0 resection are independent protective factors for early recurrence after gastrectomy for gastric cancer.

Objective:To explore the prognosis after radical resection for stage Ⅰ gastric cancer and the application value of adjuvant chemotherapy.Methods:The retrospective cohort study was conducted. The clinicopathological data of 3 353 patients with stage Ⅰ gastric cancer who were admitted to Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center from January 2000 to December 2022 were collected. There were 2 369 males and 984 females, aged 60(range, 21-91) years. All patients underwent radical R 0 resection. Observation indicators: (1) clinicopathological characteristics of patients; (2) influencing factors for postoperative prognosis of patients; (3) prognostic analysis of patients; (4) construction and validation of a predictive model for the efficacy of postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy. Comparison of count data between groups was conducted using the chi-square test. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed using the Cox proportional hazards regression model. The Kaplan-Meier method was used to calculate survival rates and draw survival curves, and the Log-rank test was used for survival analysis. Based on the multivariate analysis result, a nomogram prediction model was constructed to predict survival benefit. Results:(1) Clinicopatho-logical characteristics of patients. The highly, moderately, and poorly differentiated tumors were observed in 16, 234, 396 cases of 646 patients aged <50 years and 279, 1 617, 811 cases of 2 707 pati-ents aged ≥50 years, respectively, showing a significant difference in degree of tumor differentiation between them ( P<0.05). For 297 patients in stage T1N1M0, cases aged <50 years and ≥50 years were 71 and 226, cases of males and females were 184 and 113, cases with negative and positive vascular invasion were 37 and 260, cases with negative and positive nerve invasion were 275 and 22, cases without and with postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy were 222 and 75, respectively. The above indicators for 678 patients in stage T2N0M0 105, 573, 533, 145, 517, 161, 526, 152, 563, 115, respectively. There were significant differences in the above indicators between the two groups ( P<0.05). (2) Influencing factors for postoperative prognosis of patients. Results of multivariate analysis showed that age ≥50 years, stage T2, moderately differentiated tumor, the number of lymph nodes dissected <16, positive vascular invasion, carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) ≥5 μg/L, and CA19-9 ≥37 U/mL were independent risk factors for disease-free survival (DFS) after surgery for stage Ⅰ gastric cancer ( hazard ratio=4.600, 1.555, 1.835, 1.362, 1.451, 1.571, 2.134, 95% confidence interval as 2.806-7.541, 1.205-2.006, 1.016-3.314, 1.059-1.753, 1.057-1.993, 1.100-2.243, 1.257-3.625, P<0.05). Age ≥50 years, stage T2, the number of lymph nodes dissected <16, positive vascular invasion, CEA ≥5 μg/L, and CA19-9 ≥37 U/mL were independent risk factors for overall survival (OS) after surgery for stage Ⅰ gastric cancer ( hazard ratio=5.208, 1.597, 1.373, 1.520, 1.464, 2.356, 95% confidence interval as 3.028-8.955, 1.231-2.072, 1.060-1.777, 1.099-2.104, 1.004-2.134, 1.385-4.009, P<0.05). Postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy was an independent protective factor for both DFS and OS after surgery for stage I gastric cancer ( hazard ratio=0.361 0.297, 95% confidence interval as 0.177-0.736, 0.131-0.674, P<0.05). (3) Prognostic analysis of patients. According to the results of multi-variate analysis, among 3 353 patients, there were significant differences in 5-year DFS rate and 10-year OS rate between patients aged <50 years and ≥50 years ( P<0.05). There were significant differences in 5-year DFS rate and 10-year OS rate among patients in TNM stage ⅠA and ⅠB ( P<0.05). There were significant differences in 5-year DFS rate and 10-year OS rate among patients in stage T1N0M0, T1N1M0, T2N0M0 ( P<0.05). There were significant differences in 5-year DFS rate and 10-year OS rate among patients with the highly, moderately, and poorly differentiated tumors ( P<0.05). There were significant differences in 5-year DFS rate and 10-year OS rate among patients with the number of lymph lodes dissected <16 and ≥16 ( P<0.05). There were significant differences in 5-year DFS rate and 10-year OS rate between patients with negative and positive vascular invasion ( P<0.05). There were significant differences in 5-year DFS rate and 10-year OS rate between patients with and without postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy ( P<0.05), among patients in stage T1N0M0, T1N1M0, T2N0M0 who received no postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy ( P<0.05). For patients in stage T1N1M0, there was no significant difference in 5-year DFS rate and 10-year OS rate between patients with and without postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy ( P>0.05).Results of stratified analysis showed that for patients aged ≥ 50 years, there were significant differences in 5-year DFS rate and 10-year OS rate between patients with and without postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy ( P<0.05). For patients in stage T2N0M0, there were significant differences in 5-year DFS rate and 10-year OS rate between patients with and without postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy ( P<0.05). For patients with positive vascular invasion, there were significant differences in 5-year DFS rate and 10-year OS rate between patients with and without postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy ( P<0.05). (4) Construction and validation of a predictive model for the efficacy of adjuvant chemotherapy. A nomogram predictive model was constructed based on the multivariate analysis results of OS and used for calculating net benefits and distribution. Among the 3 096 patients without postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy, 1 009 cases had a predicted net benefit of >5%-10%, and 250 patients had a predicted net benefit >10%. The predicted survival analysis further verified that the predicted benefit of adjuvant chemotherapy was consistent with the prognosis of patients. Conclusions:Patients with age ≥50 years, stage T2 tumors, moderately differentiated tumor, the number of lymph nodes dissected <16, positive vascular invasion have worse survival prognosis postoperative. Postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy provides better prognosis in high-risk patients. Patients in stage T1N1M0 have lower recurrence and survival risks, of whom with 1 metastatic lymph node is more suitable for follow-up rather than postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy.