Ovarian cancer （OC） is one of the most common malignant tumors in women， with the mortality rate being the highest among gynaecological malignant tumors. As the atypical symptoms of OC are difficult to be detected in the early stage， most patients are already in the advanced stage when being diagnosed. As a result， the clinical treatment has limited effects. Currently， the main therapies for OC are surgery and chemotherapy， while their drug resistance and adverse reactions seriously reduce the quality of life of patients. In recent years， traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） has attracted the attention of clinicians and researchers because of its high efficacy， low toxicity， and mild side effects. According to the TCM philosophy of treatment based on syndrome differentiation， the Chinese medicines with multiple targets， wide range， and mild side effects can be screened based on the molecular targets involved in the occurrence and development of OC， which can bring out the unique advantages of TCM in the treatment of OC. Modern studies have shown that the occurrence and development of OC are closely related to the abnormal expression of multiple signaling pathways. The continued abnormal activation of the signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 （STAT3） signaling pathway can lead to abnormal proliferation and malignancy of OC. cause abnormal proliferation and malignant transformation of OC， which is closely related to the development of OC. In addition， studies have shown that Chinese medicine can inhibit the proliferation， angiogenesis， invasion， and metastasis and promote the autophagy and apoptosis of OC cells by regulating the Janus kinase 2 （JAK2）/STAT3 signaling pathway， providing new therapeutic strategies and ideas for the prevention and treatment of OC. This paper summarizes the role of JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway in OC development by reviewing the relevant articles and reviews the mechanism and research progress of active components and compound prescriptions of Chinese medicine intervening in OC development by regulating the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway. This review is expected to provide a systematic reference for clinical research and drug development of OC.

[Objective] To extract hemoglobin (Hb) from red blood cells using osmotic pressure swelling method, expected to achieve a hemoglobin dissolution rate of ≥80% and a cell membrane integrity rate of ≥70%. [Methods] Human umbilical cord blood red blood cells were used as raw materials and phosphate buffer solution was used as the swelling solution for red blood cells. A three factor three-level orthogonal experiment (n=3) was conducted to determine the optimal matching conditions for selecting the osmolality molar concentration of phosphate buffer solution, pH value of hypotonic phosphate buffer solution and volume ratio of hypotonic phosphate buffer solution to washed red blood cells. Red blood cell swelling solution samples (n=6) were prepared by the optimal matching conditions and the original process conditions. The hemoglobin dissolution rate and cell membrane integrity rate were checked. In the expanded comparative experiment, red blood cell swelling solution samples (n=6) were prepared by the optimal matching conditions and the original process conditions, which was filtered by ultrafiltration membranes. The filtration time and hemoglobin yield were checked. [Results] The optimal matching conditions for preparing red blood cell swelling solution were obtained through orthogonal experiment as follows: osmotic pressure molar concentration was 30 mOsmol/Kg, pH was 7.8, and phosphate buffer to red blood cell volume ratio was 6∶1. On the basis of the above conditions, the red blood cell swelling solution sample was compared with the original process sample: the hemoglobin dissolution rate was (82.4±1.8)% vs (78.6±3.0)% (P<0.05), and the cell membrane integrity rate was (65.8±4.0)% vs (28.7±2.3)% (P<0.05). In the expanded comparative experiment, the optimal matching conditions were compared with the original process conditions: filtration time(s) (327±9) vs (434±13) (P<0.05), and hemoglobin yield was (72.3±1.2)% vs (66.0±1.4)% (P<0.05). [Conclusion] Compared with the original preparation process, the hemoglobin extraction process which optimized through orthogonal experiments greatly reduces the cell membrane fragmentation rate and minimizes the entry of cell membrane matrix into the target solution, ensuring a slightly higher hemoglobin dissolution rate, and reducing the preparation difficulty for the subsequent cell membrane separation and further purification.

INTRODUCTION: Lecanemab has shown promise in treating early Alzheimer's disease (AD), but its safety and efficacy in Chinese populations remain unexplored. This study aimed to evaluate the safety and 6-month clinical outcomes of lecanemab in Chinese patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) or mild AD. METHODS: In this single-arm, real-world study, participants with MCI due to AD or mild AD received biweekly intravenous lecanemab (10 mg/kg). The study was conducted at Hainan Branch, Ruijin Hospital Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine. Patient enrollment and baseline assessments commenced in November 2023. Safety assessments included monitoring for amyloid-related imaging abnormalities (ARIA) and other adverse events. Clinical and biomarker changes from baseline to 6 months were evaluated using cognitive scales (mini-mental state examination [MMSE], montreal cognitive assessment [MoCA], clinical dementia rating-sum of boxes [CDR-SB]), plasma biomarker analysis, and advanced neuroimaging. RESULTS: A total of 64 patients were enrolled in this ongoing real-world study. Safety analysis revealed predominantly mild adverse events, with infusion-related reactions (20.3%, 13/64) being the most common. Of these, 69.2% (9/13) occurred during the initial infusion and 84.6% (11/13) did not recur. ARIA-H (microhemorrhages/superficial siderosis) and ARIA-E (edema/effusion) were observed in 9.4% (6/64) and 3.1% (2/64) of participants, respectively, with only two symptomatic cases (one ARIA-E presenting with headache and one ARIA-H with visual disturbances). After 6 months of treatment, cognitive scores remained stable compared to baseline (MMSE: 22.33 ± 5.58 vs . 21.27 ± 4.30, P = 0.733; MoCA: 16.38 ± 6.67 vs . 15.90 ± 4.78, P = 0.785; CDR-SB: 2.30 ± 1.65 vs . 3.16 ± 1.72, P = 0.357), while significantly increasing plasma amyloid-β 42 (Aβ42) (+21.42%) and Aβ40 (+23.53%) levels compared to baseline. CONCLUSIONS: Lecanemab demonstrated a favorable safety profile in Chinese patients with early AD. Cognitive stability and biomarker changes over 6 months suggest potential efficacy, though high dropout rates and absence of a control group warrant cautious interpretation. These findings provide preliminary real-world evidence for lecanemab's use in China, supporting further investigation in larger controlled studies. REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov , NCT07034222.
Humans ; Alzheimer Disease/drug therapy* ; Male ; Female ; Aged ; Middle Aged ; Cognitive Dysfunction/drug therapy* ; Aged, 80 and over ; Amyloid beta-Peptides/metabolism* ; Biomarkers ; East Asian People

This paper summarizes Professor WANG Xiuxia's clinical experience in treating hyperprolactinemia using the liver soothing therapy. Professor WANG identifies liver qi stagnation and rebellious chong qi （冲气） as the core pathomechanisms of hyperprolactinemia. Furthermore， liver qi stagnation may transform into fire or lead to pathological changes such as spleen deficiency with phlegm obstruction or kidney deficiency with essence depletion. The treatment strategy centers on soothing the liver， with a modified version of Qinggan Jieyu Decoction （清肝解郁汤） as the base formula. Depending on different syndrome patterns such as liver stagnation transforming into fire， liver stagnation with spleen deficiency， or liver stagnation with kidney deficiency， heat clearing， spleen strengthening， or kidney tonifying herbs are added accordingly. In addition， three paired herb combinations are commonly used for symptom specific treatment， Danggui （Angelica sinensis） with Chuanxiong （Ligusticum chuanxiong）， Zelan （Lycopus lucidus） with Yimucao （Leonurus japonicus） ， and Jiegeng （Platycodon grandiflorus） with Zisu （Perilla frutescens）.

Pulmonary sarcomatoid carcinoma(PSC)is a group of rare non-small cell lung cancers that are highly aggressive,prone to metastasis and recurrence and have poor prognosis.They are usually diagnosed at an advanced stage,when surgery is no longer an option,and are unresponsive to radiotherapy and chemo-therapy.The research found that PSC's programmed death receptor-1/programmed death receptor-ligand 1 was highly expressed and most of them had genetic mutations.Chinese medicines are widely used in clinical treatment for various malignant tumors due to their multi-targeting characteristics,low side effects,and good efficacy,demonstrating significant anti-tumor effects.Given the breakthrough success of immunotherapy and targeted therapy in recent years,the article promises to provide new ideas and targets for treating this highly malignant disease with a poor prognosis.

Objective:To analyze the spatiotemporal correlation between the surveillance data of influenza in students reported by medical institutions and school absenteeism due to illness, and evaluate the application of Bayesian Structural Time Series model (BSTS) in the prediction of school influenza epidemic.Methods:A total of 13 schools in Dapeng new district of Shenzhen were selected. The incidence data of influenza in schools in Shenzhen from January 1, 2015 to December 31, 2019 were collected from China Disease Control and Prevention Information System and the illness related school absentence data during this period were collected from Shenzhen Student Health Surveillance System, and the spatiotemporal correlation between the data from two systems was analyzed and compared. BSTS was used to make long-term predictions of the monthly incidence of influenza in students in 2019 and short-term predictions of the weekly incidence of influenza in week 1-8 and week 45-52 of 2019 by using the data from two systems.Results:There was a temporal correlation between the data from China Disease Control and Prevention Information System and the data from Shenzhen Student Health Surveillance System ( r=0.93, P<0.001), and the lag of the former one was 1 day ( r=0.73, P<0.001). Influenza outbreaks were randomly distributed in different schools in Shenzhen, and there was no spatial correlation. The root mean square error ( RMSE) and mean absolute error ( MAE) were 0.35 and 0.28, respectively, in the long-term prediction, and the RMSE was 0.33 and 0.34, and the MAE was 0.26 and 0.28, respectively, in the short-term predictions of week 1-8 and week 45-52 of 2019, respectively, showing good prediction accuracy and fitting effect. Conclusion:By analyzing the data from China Disease Control and Prevention Information System and Shenzhen Student Health Surveillance System with BSTS, the dynamics of the school influenza epidemic can be accurately predicted, and effective technical support can be provided for the early warning and prevention and control of influenza epidemic.

Objective:To analyze the target signaling pathway of histone H3K27 methylation-induced podocyte injury, verify the regulatory effect of histone H3K27 methylation on podocyte injury in focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) mice through target signaling pathway, and explore the mechanism of abnormal methylation of histone H3K27-induced podocyte injury in FSGS mice.Methods:(1) Cell experiments: primary cultured immortalized mouse podocytes MPC5 were cultured in vitro, and divided into control group, adriamycin (ADR) group, ADR+GSK-J4 (histone demethylase, KDM6B inhibitor) group, ADR+coumarin A1 (C-A1, JAK2 agonist) group and ADR+GSK-J4+C-A1 group. The transmission electron microscope was used to observe ultrastructure of podocytes. Immunofluorescence was used to detect the protein expression of H3K27me3 and nephrin in podocytes. The whole genome sequence of podocytes was obtained, the differentially expressed genes were screened, and Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) were used for enrichment analysis. Real time-quantitative PCR and Western blotting were used to detect the gene and protein expression of JAK2-STAT3 signaling pathway in podocytes respectively. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to detect interleukin 6 (IL-6), monocyte chemotactic protein 1 (MCP-1), α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1). (2) Animal experiments: EZH2 gene knock out ( EZH2podKo)-FSGS (tail vein injection of ADR) mouse models were established, and divided into EZH2ctrl+control group ( n=20), EZH2ctrl+FSGS ( n=20), EZH2podKo+control group ( n=30) and EZH2podKo+FSGS group ( n=30). HE staining was used to observe the morphology of kidney tissues. Immunohistochemistry was used to detect the H3K27me3 protein expression in podocytes. Real time-quantitative PCR and Western blotting were used to verify the gene and protein expression of JAK2-STAT3 signaling pathway respectively. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to detect IL-6, MCP-1, α-SMA and TGF-β1 of kidney tissues. Results:(1) Cell experiments: Compared with control group, the nucleus shrank and ruptured, the cytoplasm showed vacuole, and mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum swelled in ADR group, which verified that the podocyte injury model of ADR nephropathy was successfully established. Compared with control group, the protein expression level of H3K27me3 in ADR group was significantly lower ( P<0.05). Compared with ADR group, the protein expression level of H3K27me3 in podocytes in ADR+GSK-J4 group was significantly higher ( P<0.05), and there were 502 increased genes and 443 decreased genes. GO enrichment analysis showed that the differentially enriched peaks were mainly in ribonucleoprotein complex biogenesis, ribosome biogenesis, establishment of protein localization to organelle, and involved in regulation of receptor signaling pathway via JAK-STAT and receptor signaling pathway via JAK-STAT. Differential expressed genes were Irf1, Tnfrsf1a, S ocs1, Notch1, Gadd45a, Hes1 and Socs3, involving in the regulation of JAK-STAT signaling pathway. KEGG enrichment analysis showed that the differentially enriched peaks were mainly in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and the target genes were Mcl1, Egfr, Socs1, Cdkn1a, Pdgfa and Socs3, involving in the regulation of JAK-STAT signaling pathway. Compared with ADR group, the mRNA and protein expression levels of JAK2 and STAT3 in the ADR+GSK-J4 group were significantly lower, and the downstream inflammatory factors of IL-6, MCP-1 and α-SMA were significantly higher (all P<0.05). Compared with ADR group, the protein expression level of nephrin in ADR+GSK-J4 group was higher ( P<0.05), and the protein expression level of nephrin in ADR+C-A1 group was lower ( P<0.05). Compared with ADR+GSK-J4 group, the protein expression level of nephrin in ADR+GSK-J4+C-A1 group was lower ( P<0.05). (2) Animal experiments: Compared with EZH2ctrl+FSGS group, EZH2podKo+FSGS group showed obvious renal tissue damage, matrix hyperplasia in mesangial area with massive homogeneous substance deposition, apoptosis and necrosis of renal tubular epithelial cells, obvious thickening and extensive fusion of glomerular epithelial cells, basement membrane collapse, and compression and narrowing of capillary structure. Compared with EZH2ctrl+FSGS group, the protein expression level of H3K27me3 in EZH2podKo+FSGS group was significantly lower, and the mRNA and protein expression levels of JAK2 and STAT3, and the levels of IL-6, MCP-1, α-SMA and TGF-β1 were higher (all P<0.05). Conclusions:Abnormal methylation modification of H3K27 leads to change of target gene expression, activation of JAK2-STAT3 signaling pathway, podocyte injury, glomerulosclerosis and renal tubular injury, participating in the development of FSGS.

Objective:To analyze the spatiotemporal correlation between the surveillance data of influenza in students reported by medical institutions and school absenteeism due to illness, and evaluate the application of Bayesian Structural Time Series model (BSTS) in the prediction of school influenza epidemic.Methods:A total of 13 schools in Dapeng new district of Shenzhen were selected. The incidence data of influenza in schools in Shenzhen from January 1, 2015 to December 31, 2019 were collected from China Disease Control and Prevention Information System and the illness related school absentence data during this period were collected from Shenzhen Student Health Surveillance System, and the spatiotemporal correlation between the data from two systems was analyzed and compared. BSTS was used to make long-term predictions of the monthly incidence of influenza in students in 2019 and short-term predictions of the weekly incidence of influenza in week 1-8 and week 45-52 of 2019 by using the data from two systems.Results:There was a temporal correlation between the data from China Disease Control and Prevention Information System and the data from Shenzhen Student Health Surveillance System ( r=0.93, P<0.001), and the lag of the former one was 1 day ( r=0.73, P<0.001). Influenza outbreaks were randomly distributed in different schools in Shenzhen, and there was no spatial correlation. The root mean square error ( RMSE) and mean absolute error ( MAE) were 0.35 and 0.28, respectively, in the long-term prediction, and the RMSE was 0.33 and 0.34, and the MAE was 0.26 and 0.28, respectively, in the short-term predictions of week 1-8 and week 45-52 of 2019, respectively, showing good prediction accuracy and fitting effect. Conclusion:By analyzing the data from China Disease Control and Prevention Information System and Shenzhen Student Health Surveillance System with BSTS, the dynamics of the school influenza epidemic can be accurately predicted, and effective technical support can be provided for the early warning and prevention and control of influenza epidemic.

Objective:To analyze the target signaling pathway of histone H3K27 methylation-induced podocyte injury, verify the regulatory effect of histone H3K27 methylation on podocyte injury in focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) mice through target signaling pathway, and explore the mechanism of abnormal methylation of histone H3K27-induced podocyte injury in FSGS mice.Methods:(1) Cell experiments: primary cultured immortalized mouse podocytes MPC5 were cultured in vitro, and divided into control group, adriamycin (ADR) group, ADR+GSK-J4 (histone demethylase, KDM6B inhibitor) group, ADR+coumarin A1 (C-A1, JAK2 agonist) group and ADR+GSK-J4+C-A1 group. The transmission electron microscope was used to observe ultrastructure of podocytes. Immunofluorescence was used to detect the protein expression of H3K27me3 and nephrin in podocytes. The whole genome sequence of podocytes was obtained, the differentially expressed genes were screened, and Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) were used for enrichment analysis. Real time-quantitative PCR and Western blotting were used to detect the gene and protein expression of JAK2-STAT3 signaling pathway in podocytes respectively. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to detect interleukin 6 (IL-6), monocyte chemotactic protein 1 (MCP-1), α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1). (2) Animal experiments: EZH2 gene knock out ( EZH2podKo)-FSGS (tail vein injection of ADR) mouse models were established, and divided into EZH2ctrl+control group ( n=20), EZH2ctrl+FSGS ( n=20), EZH2podKo+control group ( n=30) and EZH2podKo+FSGS group ( n=30). HE staining was used to observe the morphology of kidney tissues. Immunohistochemistry was used to detect the H3K27me3 protein expression in podocytes. Real time-quantitative PCR and Western blotting were used to verify the gene and protein expression of JAK2-STAT3 signaling pathway respectively. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to detect IL-6, MCP-1, α-SMA and TGF-β1 of kidney tissues. Results:(1) Cell experiments: Compared with control group, the nucleus shrank and ruptured, the cytoplasm showed vacuole, and mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum swelled in ADR group, which verified that the podocyte injury model of ADR nephropathy was successfully established. Compared with control group, the protein expression level of H3K27me3 in ADR group was significantly lower ( P<0.05). Compared with ADR group, the protein expression level of H3K27me3 in podocytes in ADR+GSK-J4 group was significantly higher ( P<0.05), and there were 502 increased genes and 443 decreased genes. GO enrichment analysis showed that the differentially enriched peaks were mainly in ribonucleoprotein complex biogenesis, ribosome biogenesis, establishment of protein localization to organelle, and involved in regulation of receptor signaling pathway via JAK-STAT and receptor signaling pathway via JAK-STAT. Differential expressed genes were Irf1, Tnfrsf1a, S ocs1, Notch1, Gadd45a, Hes1 and Socs3, involving in the regulation of JAK-STAT signaling pathway. KEGG enrichment analysis showed that the differentially enriched peaks were mainly in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and the target genes were Mcl1, Egfr, Socs1, Cdkn1a, Pdgfa and Socs3, involving in the regulation of JAK-STAT signaling pathway. Compared with ADR group, the mRNA and protein expression levels of JAK2 and STAT3 in the ADR+GSK-J4 group were significantly lower, and the downstream inflammatory factors of IL-6, MCP-1 and α-SMA were significantly higher (all P<0.05). Compared with ADR group, the protein expression level of nephrin in ADR+GSK-J4 group was higher ( P<0.05), and the protein expression level of nephrin in ADR+C-A1 group was lower ( P<0.05). Compared with ADR+GSK-J4 group, the protein expression level of nephrin in ADR+GSK-J4+C-A1 group was lower ( P<0.05). (2) Animal experiments: Compared with EZH2ctrl+FSGS group, EZH2podKo+FSGS group showed obvious renal tissue damage, matrix hyperplasia in mesangial area with massive homogeneous substance deposition, apoptosis and necrosis of renal tubular epithelial cells, obvious thickening and extensive fusion of glomerular epithelial cells, basement membrane collapse, and compression and narrowing of capillary structure. Compared with EZH2ctrl+FSGS group, the protein expression level of H3K27me3 in EZH2podKo+FSGS group was significantly lower, and the mRNA and protein expression levels of JAK2 and STAT3, and the levels of IL-6, MCP-1, α-SMA and TGF-β1 were higher (all P<0.05). Conclusions:Abnormal methylation modification of H3K27 leads to change of target gene expression, activation of JAK2-STAT3 signaling pathway, podocyte injury, glomerulosclerosis and renal tubular injury, participating in the development of FSGS.

Objective To investigate the clinical characteristics of elderly patients with acute pancreatitis(AP),and to provide a basis for the prevention and treatment of elderly patients with AP.Methods Clinical data of AP patients treated in Jiangdu People's Hospital Affiliated to Yangzhou University from March 2021 to March 2023 were collected and divided into elderly group(≥65 years old,167 cases)and non-elderly group(＜65 years old,303 cases)according to age.The clinical characteristics,biochemical indexes,mortality,intensive care unit(ICU)hospitalization rate,length of stay,Ranson score,Charlson comorbidity index(CCI)and so on were compared between the two groups.Results The age of elderly group was significantly higher than that of non-elderly group,lactate dehydrogenase,aspartate aminotransferase,serum amylase,Ranson score,the proportion of cardiovascular complications,pulmonary complications,nervous system complications,CCI ≥ 2 and the incidence of jaundice were significantly higher than those of non-elderly group(P＜0.05).The mortality rate and ICU hospitalization rate of elderly group were significantly higher than that of non-elderly group,and the hospital stay was significantly longer than that of non-elderly group(P＜0.05).Multivariate analysis showed that age ≥65 years,Ranson score ≥3,CCI≥ 2 and pancreatic necrosis were independent risk factors for death and ICU admission in AP patients(P＜0.05),age ≥65 years,pancreatic necrosis,and biliary causes were independent risk factors for prolonged hospital stay(P＜0.05).Conclusion Compared with middle-aged and young patients,elderly AP patients have higher mortality,higher ICU hospitalization rate and longer hospital stay.Early identification and timely treatment are key factors to improve prognosis elderly AP patients.