Maternal immunization is a highly effective public health strategy. The administration of vaccines to pregnant women increases the level of specific transplacental maternal antibodies, thereby protecting the pregnant fetuses, newborns, and early-life infants from the corresponding pathogens. Currently, maternal immunization strategies for pertussis, influenza, etc. have been widely used worldwide, and positive results have been achieved in preventing respiratory syncytial virus infection in infants. This article reviews different designs of maternal vaccination clinical studies, including randomized controlled trials, cohort studies, case-control studies, and surveillance data studies. It summarizes the strengths and weaknesses of different study approaches and discusses the application of maternal immunization strategies to provide a reference for developing maternal immunization research in China.

Maternal immunization is a highly effective public health strategy. The administration of vaccines to pregnant women increases the level of specific transplacental maternal antibodies, thereby protecting the pregnant fetuses, newborns, and early-life infants from the corresponding pathogens. Currently, maternal immunization strategies for pertussis, influenza, etc. have been widely used worldwide, and positive results have been achieved in preventing respiratory syncytial virus infection in infants. This article reviews different designs of maternal vaccination clinical studies, including randomized controlled trials, cohort studies, case-control studies, and surveillance data studies. It summarizes the strengths and weaknesses of different study approaches and discusses the application of maternal immunization strategies to provide a reference for developing maternal immunization research in China.

Objective:This study was to investigate the perioperative safety of cytoreductive surgery (CRS) plus hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) for pseudomyxoma peritonei (PMP), and analyze the risk factors of serious adverse events (SAEs).Methods:The occurrences of perioperative SAEs were retrospectively analyzed in 254 PMP patients treated with CRS plus HIPEC. Univariate and multivariate analysis were performed to identify independent risk factors.Results:Among the 272 CRS plus HIPEC procedures for 254 PMP patients, a total of 93 (34.2%) perioperative SAEs occurred, including 26 in infection, 22 in digestive system, 17 in respiratory system, 15 in cardiovascular system, 8 in hematological system, and 4 in urinary system. In terms of severity, the vast majority was grade Ⅲ with 76 cases, followed by grade Ⅳ with 13 cases and grade Ⅴ with 4 cases. Univariate analysis revealed 3 risk factors of perioperative SAEs: HIPEC regimen ( P=0.020), intraoperative red blood cell transfusion volume ( P=0.004), and intraoperative blood loss volume ( P=0.002). Multivariate analysis by logistic regression model analysis revealed that intraoperative red blood cell transfusion volume was an independent risk factor for perioperative SAEs ( OR=1.160, P=0.001). Conclusion:In conclusion, the perioperative safety of CRS plus HIPEC was acceptable. Moreover, intraoperative blood loss volume and red blood cell transfusion volume are expected to be reduced in order to prevent SAEs for PMP patients.

Objective:This study was to investigate the perioperative safety of cytoreductive surgery (CRS) plus hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) for pseudomyxoma peritonei (PMP), and analyze the risk factors of serious adverse events (SAEs).Methods:The occurrences of perioperative SAEs were retrospectively analyzed in 254 PMP patients treated with CRS plus HIPEC. Univariate and multivariate analysis were performed to identify independent risk factors.Results:Among the 272 CRS plus HIPEC procedures for 254 PMP patients, a total of 93 (34.2%) perioperative SAEs occurred, including 26 in infection, 22 in digestive system, 17 in respiratory system, 15 in cardiovascular system, 8 in hematological system, and 4 in urinary system. In terms of severity, the vast majority was grade Ⅲ with 76 cases, followed by grade Ⅳ with 13 cases and grade Ⅴ with 4 cases. Univariate analysis revealed 3 risk factors of perioperative SAEs: HIPEC regimen ( P=0.020), intraoperative red blood cell transfusion volume ( P=0.004), and intraoperative blood loss volume ( P=0.002). Multivariate analysis by logistic regression model analysis revealed that intraoperative red blood cell transfusion volume was an independent risk factor for perioperative SAEs ( OR=1.160, P=0.001). Conclusion:In conclusion, the perioperative safety of CRS plus HIPEC was acceptable. Moreover, intraoperative blood loss volume and red blood cell transfusion volume are expected to be reduced in order to prevent SAEs for PMP patients.

Objective To investigate the expression and significance of Smad4 in peripheral hepatocytes of lesions in mice with hepatic alveolar echinococcosis.Methods Eight mice in the test group were inoculated with alveolar echinococcosis and 8 mice in the control group were injected with normal saline.The expression of Smad4 protein in the hepatic tissue of the mice was detected by immunohistochemistry method,and the data were analyzed by chi-square test.The effect of alveolar echinocoeeosis on the expression of Smad4 protein was investigated.Results Smad4 was detected in cell nuclei and partly in the cytoplasm.Six months after the establishment of the mice model for alveolar echinococeosis,the expression of Smad4 in the hepatic tissue in the test group was significantly higher than in the control group(x2=19.869,P＜0.05).The number of Smad4 with positive expression in the hepatocytes in the test group was slightly higher than in the control group,and the expression intensity of Smad4 in the test group was greater than in the control group(x2=58.3 10,P＜0.05).Conclusions The increase of the expression of Smad4 protein in the periphery hepatocytes and tissues of hepatic alveolar echinococcosis lesions may play a role in hepatic cirrhosis and immune evasion.

OBJECTIVE:To study the antioxidation activity of different processed products of polygonum multiflorum thunb and its crude.METHODS:The capabilities of different processed products of polygonum multiflorum thunb and its crude in eliminating free radical were studied and compared by chemical luminescent technique.RESULTS:The luminescent inhibi?tion ratio was used to represent the activity of superoxide dismutase(SOD),the result showed that the ratio of luminescent in?hibition of the crude sample of polygonum multiflorum thunb ranked the top,i.e.the crud sample had the highest antioxidation activity,then the black bean product,product that steamed in clear soup and that steamed in black bean alcohol solu?tion.CONCLUSION:If one can develop a preparation method in which only the purgative component of polygonum multiflo?rum thunb were destroyed while the effective components remained,the tonification function of which can be enhanced and the anti-aging effect of which can be brought into full play.

AIM:To investigate the effect and mechanism of liver ischemia/reperfusion(I/R)injury on the changes of cardiac energy metabolism and structure.METHODS:48 healthy Wistar male rats were randomly divided into 6 groups as follows(n=8 in each group):control group(CTL),simply ischemia for 30 min without reperfusion(I group);reperfusion following ischemia for 30 min(I/R group);2 h reperfusion following ischemia for 30 min(I/R 2 h group);4 h reperfusion following ischemia for 30 min(I/R 4 h group)and 6 h reperfusion following ischemia for 30 min(I/R 6 h group).The level of serum endotoxin was measured.The levels of insulin and insulin antibody in heart were detected by radioimmunoassay.The contents of MDA,MPO and lactic acid in heart were also determined.RESULTS:During the process of liver I/R injury,the level of endotoxin increased in I group and I/R group and declined gradually for long time during reperfusion,but was still longer than that in CTL group(P0.05).CONCLUSION:During the process of liver I/R injury,endotoxin is absorbed from intestine and impairment of liver detoxication leads to endotoxemia,which might play a role in the changes of the energy metabolism and structure in heart.