At present， the systematic excavation of the clinical experience and academic thought of the Sichuan school of Chinese medicine vis-à-vis its dominant disease entities remains fragmentary， and replicable paradigms are scarce. Confronted with empirical fragmentation， data heterogeneity and decision-making subjectivity， the standardised distillation， inheritance and clinical translation of these distinctive experiences has become a critical bottleneck constraining the development of the Sichuan school. The integration of artificial-intelligence technologies in data processing， pattern recognition and intelligent decision-making has rendered deep mining of traditional Chinese medicine（TCM） clinical knowledge and patterns imperative. Constructing an intelligent modern TCM diagnostic-therapeutic-evaluative system is now the obligatory route for inheritance and innovation in Chinese medicine， and simultaneously provides a technological breakthrough for intelligent decision paradigms in the dominant diseases of the Sichuan school. Accordingly， this study adopts the regional academic school as its point of entry， focuses on the dominant diseases of the Sichuan school， and proposes an innovative pathway of "four-dimensional data-multi-modal fusion-multi-agent decision-making". Specifically， four data dimensions are defined and instantiated： （Ⅰ） knowledge from classical medical literature and historical case records. （Ⅱ） objective four-diagnosis phenotypic data. （Ⅲ） master physicians' prescribing regularities. （Ⅳ） characteristic mechanisms of renowned formulae. Leveraging multi-modal data fusion and generative artificial intelligence， the entire causal chain of Famous Physicians and Renowned Formulas is explicated to reconstruct the diagnostic-therapeutic cognitive logic of the regional school. Finally， a multi-agent collective-decision model is established and refined for the dominant diseases of the Sichuan school， capable of generating precise， individualised treatment regimens and thereby advancing an intelligent diagnostic-therapeutic paradigm that delivers more efficient and accurate clinical decision support.

Objective: To analyze the structural changes in whole blood and apheresis platelet donations in Chinese Society of Blood Transfusion (CSBT) sentinel units from 2021 to 2025, and to provide evidence for donor recruitment and blood service management. Methods: Aggregated data reported by sentinel sites were collected and stratified according to six indicators: age, sex, donation history, donation volume, donation site, and organization mode. Pearson χ test, Cramer′V coefficient, Cochran-Armitage trend test and simple linear regression were adopted for analysis. Results: A total of 16 256 973 whole blood donations and 1 576 546 apheresis platelet donations were included. Among whole-blood donations, the proportion of donors aged 18-22 years decreased from 27.30% to 10.60%. The proportion of male donors increased from 58.81% to 63.13%; the proportion of people aged 30 and above increased from 58.40% to 75.30%; the proportion of fixed locations rose from 28.37% to 36.57%; the proportion of social groups increased from 21.69% to 39.69%. The 400-mL donations decreased from 62.12% to 53.46%, while individually initiated voluntary donations remained above 50%. Apheresis platelet donations were predominantly from males, individuals aged 30-39 years, and repeat donors; 2-treatment-unit apheresis platelet donations increased from 67.19% to 74.93%, and individually initiated donations accounted for 92.97%-96.02%. Statistically significant overall annual compositional differences were observed for all six indicators (all P<0.001), whereas linear trends for some sub-categories were not statistically significant. Conclusion: In the participating CSBT sentinel units, among whole blood donations, the proportions of donors aged 18-22 years, university-organized group donations, and donations at blood mobiles decreased, whereas the proportions of organizational group donations and donations at fixed venues increased. The apheresis platelet donation cohort is relatively mature and is evolving toward a high-efficiency donation model. Individual voluntary donation remains the primary organization mode for both donation types. Strategies such as youth donor recruitment, optimized layout of fixed donation sites, and retention of repeat donors should be strengthened to improve the resilience of blood supply.

Laparoscopic subtotal cholecystectomy (LSC) has been a safe and viable alternative to conversion to laparotomy in cases of severe cholecystitis. The objective of this study is to determine the utility of intraoperative choledochoscopy in LSC for the exploration of the gallbladder, cyst duct, and subsequent stone clearance of the cystic duct in cases of severe cholecystitis. A total of 72 patients diagnosed with severe cholecystitis received choledochoscopy-assisted laparoscopic subtotal cholecystectomy (CALSC). A choledochoscopy was performed to explore the gallbladder cavity and/or cystic duct, and to extract stones using a range of techniques. The clinical records, including the operative records and outcomes, were subjected to analysis. No LSC was converted to open surgery, and no bile duct or vascular injuries were sustained. All stones within the cystic duct were removed by a combination of techniques, including high-frequency needle knife electrotomy, basket, and electrohydraulic lithotripsy. A follow-up examination revealed the absence of residual bile duct stones, with the exception of one common bile duct stone, which was extracted via endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography. In certain special cases, CALSC may prove to be an efficacious treatment for the management of severe cholecystitis. This technique allows for optimal comprehension of the situation within the gallbladder cavity and cystic duct, facilitating the removal of stones from the cystic duct and reducing the residue of the non-functional gallbladder remnant.

Objective:To explore the clinical efficacy of Wenshen Chushi Decoction combined with low intensity pulsed ultra-sound(LIPUS)on erectile dysfunction(ED)caused by renal deficiency and phlegm-dampness syndrome.Methods:One hundred and twenty ED patients were included from the Department of Andrology in the First Hospital of Hunan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine.The patients in control group were treated with Wenshen Chushi Decoction.While the patients in observation group were trea-ted with Wenshen Chushi Decoction combined with LIPUS for 8 consecutive weeks.After the treatment,the efficacy was evaluated using the International Index of Erectile Function-5(IIEF-5)score,Penile Flow Index(PFI),Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome Score,Self-Rating Depression Scale(SDS)score,and Self-Rating Anxiety Scale(SAS)score.Safety was also observed.And the ef-ficacy was followed up 4 weeks after the end of treatment.Results:Fifty-seven cases were enrolled into control group finally with 55 cases in the treatment group.After the treatment,all the patients in both of groups showed an improvement in IIEF-5 scores(P＜0.01).Compared with the control group(19.09±2.22),the IIEF-5 score in observation group(20.42±2.39)increased signifi-cantly(P＜0.01).After the treatment,the scores of PFI,TCM syndrome and SDS in both groups decreased(P＜0.01,P＜0.05,P＜0.01).Compared with the control group([3.77±1.21],[9.91±1.71]and[39.88±2.63]points),the observation group([2.92±1.08],[4.78±1.45],and[34.51±2.09]points)showed a more significant decrease(P＜0.01).There was no significant difference in total effective rate between the two groups(P＞0.05).During follow-up,the IIEF-5 scores of both groups of patients were higher than those before(P＜0.05,P＜0.01),and the observation group score was higher than that in the control group([17.15±3.37]vs[13.63±1.96],P＜0.01).No adverse reaction and abnormality of indicators occurred in both of two groups.Conclusion:Wenshen Chushi Decoction has a significant therapeutic effect on ED caused by renal deficiency and phlegm-dampness syndrome.It can not only improve the quality of erection,but also improve the physical and mental symptoms associated with ED,which makes therapeutic effect lasting longer.

Objective To investigate the prognostic value of serum interferon-γ(IFN-γ),mannose-binding lectin(MBL)and soluble Fas(sFas)expression levels in patients with multiple myeloma(MM).Methods A total of 150 MM patients diagnosed in our hospital were included in this study and used as the research subjects.According to ISS staging,patients were separated into the stage Ⅰ group(46 cases),the stage Ⅱ group(54 cases)and the stage Ⅲ group(50 cases).According to the survival status of MM patients,they were assigned into the survival group(n=98)and the death group(n=52).Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA)was applied to detect expression levels of serum IFN-γ,MBL and sFas.The influencing factors of prognostic mortality in MM patients were analyzed by Cox proportional hazard regression model.The receiver operating curve(ROC)was plotted to analyze the diagnostic value of serum IFN-γ,MBL and sFas expression levels in the prognostic mortality of MM patients.Results With the improvement of ISS stage,the serum Ca level of patients increased significantly(P＜0.05).With the improvement of ISS staging,the expression level of serum IFN-γ was greatly decreased,while the levels of serum MBL and sFas were significantly increased(P＜0.05).The serum IFN-γ level was significantly lower in the death group than that of the survival group,while the serum MBL and sFas levels were significantly higher(P＜0.05).The proportion of ISS Ⅲ stage and the level of serum Ca were significantly higher in the death group than those in the survival group(P＜0.05).Elevated serum levels of MBL,sFas and Ca and ISS stage Ⅲ were risk factors for death within three years in patients with MM,and elevated serum IFN-γ level was protective factor for death within three years in patients with MM(P＜0.05).The AUC of prognostic mortality in patients with combined serum IFN-γ,MBL and sFas in the diagnosis of MM was 0.977,which was better than that of patients diagnosed alone(Z=3.481,3.952 and 3.832,P＜0.05).Conclusion The decreased serum IFN-γ expression and the increased MBL and sFas levels are related to the three-year prognosis of MM patients,and the combination of the three has predictive value for death of MM patients,and which can be used as a biomarker for the prognosis evaluation of MM patients.

Objective:To understand the current status and characteristics of clinical trials for oral diseases in China, for the purpose of providing a reference for the research and development of oral diseases in China.Methods:Retrieving the information on clinical trials related to oral diseases registered on the "Platforms for drug clinical trial registration and information" of the National Medical Products Administration from the date of the database establishment to December 31, 2024. The number of clinical trials, type of drugs, trial phases, indication, trial scope, design types were statistically analyzed.Results:As of December 31, 2024, a total of 578 drug clinical trials for oral disease were registered, accounting for 2.1% (578/27 905) of the clinical trials disclosed on the platform during the same period. Bioequivalence clinical trials accounted for the highest proportion [73.9% (427/578)], followed by Phase Ⅰ [9.0% (52/578)], Phase Ⅱ [8.0% (46/578)], and Phase Ⅲ [4.5% (26/578)]. The 578 clinical trials involved 149 types of trial drugs, mainly chemical drugs, among which 127 were developed by domestic pharmaceutical enterprises and 27 by international pharmaceutical enterprises (the five investigational drugs have undergone clinical trials by both domestic and international pharmaceutical companies). The project leader units of the 578 drug clinical trials were distributed in 27 provinces, autonomous regions, municipalities, and Hong Kong Special Administrative Region. Excluding 427 bioequivalence clinical trials, the project leader units of 151 new drug clinical trials showed a significant aggregation phenomenon, and only three specialized oral hospitals have served as project leader units for drug clinical trials.Conclusions:The number of drug clinical trials for oral disease in China has generally shown an increasing trend, but there are still problems such as small number of clinical trials, low proportion of investment in new drug development and international multicenter trials, concentrated indications of clinical trials and insufficient clinical trial experience in specialized oral medical institutions. Enhancing the enthusiasm and innovation capabilities of domestic pharmaceutical enterprises in the research and development of oral diseases drugs, exploring the advantages of traditional Chinese medicine/natural medicine resources for oral diseases, and establishing a clinical research system in specialized oral medical institutions are of great significance for the development of oral drugs.

The prevention and control of emerging and reemerging infectious diseases are crucial for national biosecurity, and surveillance and reporting of pneumonia of unknown etiology are main ways for the early detection of these diseases and mitigation of their severity. This paper summaries the surveillance methods for pneumonia of unknown etiology and emerging and reemerging infectious diseases globally, indicating that such surveillance is mainly conducted based on hospital. Western countries primarily combine active and passive surveillance while utilizing artificial intelligence technology to rapidly identify cases. China mainly use passive surveillance based on the surveillance system for pneumonia of unknown etiology, with the function of early warning in the identification of emerging infectious diseases, such as avian influenza. However, with the improvement in the surveillance system operation, the overlap with other surveillance disease systems, such as influenza, has occurred, and the improvements in case definition and operational protocol are needed. It is recommended to improve the specificity of the case definition, strenthen training in hospital staff, inclduing clinical workers and office workers, and formulate incentive mechanisms. It is necessary to emphasize the responsibility of clinicians as the main force for the detection and reporting of pneumonia of unknown etiology and emerging infectious diseases, improve the appilication of artifical intelligent technique and conduct multi-source surveillance, such as third-party testing.

Objective:To review drug clinical trial development in Shaanxi province and to understand the effectiveness of the implementation of a record system in promoting drug clinical trial development.Methods:Based on the data of drug clinical trials in Shaanxi province released on the official website of the National Medical Products Administration, this study made a statistical analysis of the number of drug clinical trial institutions, regional distribution, registered majors and principal investigators, and the development of drug clinical trial projects.Results:After implementing drug clinical trial institution registration, the drug clinical trial institutions in Shaanxi Province developed rapidly, increasing from 20 in the qualification period to 46, with a growth rate of 130%. A total of 113 specialties were recorded, of which the highest number of professional records were for endocrinology and oncology. 46 institutions recorded 1, 094 principal investigators and participated in 3803 drug clinical trial projects. However, only 8 institutions had undertaken drug clinical trial projects as group leaders.Conclusions:The number of drug clinical trial institutions in Shaanxi province increased significantly, reflecting a good overall development status. However, issues still exist, such as unbalanced development of clinical trial resources within the region, insufficient researchers with the ability to conduct clinical trials, relatively concentrated drug clinical trial projects, and lack of experience in undertaking clinical trials as a group leader.

Objective:To evaluate the safety and feasibility of radical hepatectomy after conversion therapy in patients with initially unresectable advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).Methods:Clinical data of 72 patients with initially unresectable advanced HCC admitted to the Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University and the Department of Hepatobi-liary and Pancreatic Surgery, Henan Provincial People's Hospital from January 2020 to July 2024 were retrospectively collected, including 61 males and 11 females, aged (58.4±9.1) years. The clinicopathological data of the patients, such as tumor characteristics, conversion treatment regimens, perioperative data, and follow-up situations were analyzed to evaluate the therapeutic effect and safety.Results:Among the patients, there were five cases of China liver cancer staging Ⅰb, six cases of Ⅱa, 22 cases of Ⅱb, 32 cases of Ⅲa and sevene cases of Ⅲb. There were 53 patients scored as Child-Pugh A and 19 as Child-Pugh B. Conversion treatment fashion included immunotherapy combined with targeted therapy and immunotherapy plus targeted therapy combined with hepatic arterial chemoembolization or hepatic arteryinfusion chemotherapy. Liver resection after conversion therapy was as follows: 16 cases of right hemihepatectomy, 20 cases of left hemihepatectomy, 11 cases of mesohepatectomy, seven cases of right posterior hepatectomy, 1 case of caudate lobectomy, 17 cases of local resection. Postoperative pathology showed that there were 17 cases of pathologic complete response and 55 cases of pathologic partial response. One patient died of liver failure after surgery, while the rest had no major complications. The postoperative hospital stay was (13.1±5.1) d. The follow-up time was 21.5(10.2, 32.1) months. The multivariate Cox analysis demonstrated that pathologic partial response and adjuvant therapy duration shorter than 5 cycles were identified as independent risk factors-affecting both recurrence-free survival and overall survival in patients with HCC undergoing sequential surgery after conversion therapy (all P<0.05). Conclusion:Sequential surgical resection provides survival benefits for patients with initially unresectable and advanced HCC after conversion therapy, which is a safe and effective therapeutic strategy.

Forty adult male C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into four groups:the control group,Salmonella typhimurium(S.typhimurium)(ST)group,phlorizin(PHZ)+S.typhimuri-um(ST)group,and PHZ(80 mg/kg)group,with 10 mice in each group.Morphological observa-tion,HE staining,ELISA,immunofluorescence and Western blot were performed,the results showed that PHZ significantly increased the cecal index,decreased the spleen index of S.typhi-murium-induced mice(P＜0.05),and reduce the pathological damage of cecum in mice.Mean-while,PHZ treatment also significantly reduced colonization of S.typhimurium in the cecum,spleen,mesenteric lymph nodes and liver(P＜0.05).The results of ELISA showed that PHZ treatment also significantly inhibited the S.ty phimurium-induced increase in the expression of IL-1β,INF-γ,TNF-a and IL-6 in the cecum of mice(P＜0.05).Immunofluorescence and Western blot results showed that PHZ significantly increased the protein expression levels of Occludin,Claudin-3,and ZO-1 in the cecal barrier of mice induced by S.typhimurium(P＜0.05).These results con-firmed that phlorizin could improve cecal inflammation and intestinal barrier damage induced by S.typhimurium in mice.