ObjectiveTo conduct an epidemiological investigation and analysis of a clustered scabies outbreak in a middle school, so as to provide evidence for developing targeted prevention and control strategies. MethodsCase data on a clustered scabies outbreak occurring in a middle school of Shaanxi Province in 2025 were collected. Field epidemiological approaches were adopted to define cases, search for infected individuals, and describe the temporal, spatial, and population distribution. Specimens were collected from individuals and surrounding environments for laboratory testing. ResultsA total of 25 scabies cases were identified in 4 classes and 9 dormitories of the school. All cases were first-year high school students. The overall attack rate was 6.00% (25/414); the attack rate was 10.53% (22/209) among male students and 1.46% (3/205) among female students. The disease course ranged from 10 to 30 days, with a median duration of 14 days, and 3 students (12.00%) continued attending classes with ongoing infection. Skin scrapings collected from lesion sites of 3 patients were examined under microscopy, all of which were positive for Sarcoptes scabiei; no laboratory testing was performed for the remaining cases. This clustered scabies infection outbreak lasted for one month. All affected students recovered completely without severe complications or deaths, and the outbreak was effectively contained. ConclusionThis scabies infection is a clustered school-based scabies outbreak caused by Sarcoptes scabiei. Affected patients present relatively severe symptoms and a prolonged disease course. Scientific and standardized preventive systems should be established to enable timely early warning and emergency response.

AIM:To establish a transtheoretical model(TTM)-based health management protocol for pediatric dry eye disease, and explore its practical application value in the clinical management of pediatric dry eye disease.METHODS: This was a prospective study. Children diagnosed with dry eye disease in the ophthalmology outpatient department from January to June 2025 were enrolled and randomly assigned to a control group and a management group. The control group received routine symptomatic treatment for dry eye, whereas the management group received TTM-based health management interventions in addition to conventional treatment, with a total intervention duration of 6 mo. Subjective symptoms were assessed using the ocular surface disease index(OSDI)and Dry Eyerelated Quality of Life Score(DEQS)at baseline, 1-month, 3-month and 6-month follow-up visits. Slitlamp biomicroscopy, tear film break-up time(BUT), Schirmer's I test(SIt), corneal fluorescein staining(FL), and doublepass optical quality measurement were conducted. Modulation transfer function cutoff frequency(MTF cutoff), Strehl ratio(SR), and objective scattering index(OSI)were recorded. All outcome indicators were compared between the two groups.RESULTS: A total of 235 children completed the follow-up, including 118 in the management group(64 males, 54 females; mean age 11.31±1.92 y)and 117 in the control group(60 males, 57 females; mean age 11.08±1.85 y). There was no significant difference in the indexes between the two groups before treatment(all P>0.05). At 1, 3, and 6 mo after intervention, BUT, SIt, MTF cutoff, and SR values were significantly increased in both groups compared with baseline, whereas OSDI, DEQS, FL, and OSI were significantly decreased(all P<0.05). At 1 mo posttreatment, there was no significant difference in the indexes between the two groups(all P>0.05). At 3 and 6 mo, the management group exhibited significantly higher BUT, SIt, MTF cutoff, and SR, as well as significantly lower OSDI, DEQS, FL, and OSI than the control group(all P<0.05).CONCLUSION: The TTM-centered health management model can effectively improve the ocular surface status and visual function of pediatric dry eyedisease and relieve dry eye symptoms, which exerts a remarkable effect on consolidating the long-term therapeutic efficacy of pediatric dry eye.

18F-FDG PET/CT static imaging plays a crucial role in the diagnosis, staging, and efficacy assessment of lung cancer. Semi-quantitative analysis using metabolic parameters, such as SUV, provide essential metabolic information for clinical decision-making. However, SUV is influenced by patient factors, acquisition time, and reconstruction algorithms. Dynamic imaging allows continuous assessment of the metabolic changes in lesions over a specific period, using dynamic parameters like the net uptake rate constant for quantitative analysis. Dynamic imaging provides important complementary information to static imaging, offering more precise information for the diagnosis and treatment of lung cancer. This article focuses on the applications of dynamic imaging in the diagnosis of lung cancer, lymph node staging, evaluation of immunotherapy efficacy, and optimization of scanning protocols, providing a comprehensive review of the research progress of dynamic 18F-FDG PET/CT imaging in the management of lung cancer.

Objective To develop a refined management model for operating rooms and assess its clinical impact on op-erational efficiency and cost control.Methods The study included 10,728 elective surgeries from January to June 2024 as the study group and 9 414 elective surgeries from January to June 2023 as the control group.The differences in operational metrics before and after implementing the refined management model were compared.The model was developed through comprehensive management by hospital leadership and multi-department collaboration,focusing on management structure,systems,processes,information technology,and resource allocation.Results In terms of efficiency,the on-time start rate of the first surgeries in the study group was significantly higher than in the control group(P＜0.05).The turnover time between surgeries was shorter in the study group(P＜0.01),and the rate of unexpected surgery cancellations was lower(P＜0.01).The average cost per surgery for consumables,excluding the impact of centralized procurement of consumables,was approximately 971 yuan,representing an 11% reduction compared to the previous year,despite a 14% increase in surgical volume.The average daily operating cost per operating room was about 12 303 yuan,a 7% reduction.Economic benefits increased by 8.43 million yuan,a 38% year-on-year increase.Conclusion Implementing a refined management model in operating rooms can significantly enhance efficiency,re-duce costs,and achieve dual improvements in social and economic benefits.

Transfer-RNA derived small RNA(tsRNA),a re-cently discovered class of non-coding RNA,is produced by ma-ture tRNA or tRNA precursor through the mediation of specific endonucleases.By regulating gene expression at the transcrip-tional and post transcriptional levels and acting as an epigenetic regulator,tsRNA plays an important role in the physiological and pathological processes of many organisms.Therefore,it has gradually become a research hotspot in biomedicine and attracted widespread attention.Moreover,there is increasing evidence that tsRNA is involved in the occurrence and development of many neuropsychiatric diseases through participating in stress re-sponse,cell proliferation and apoptosis,neural development,synaptic plasticity,neuroinflammation and immune regulation,epigenetic regulation,RNA processing,and protein translation regulation.This article mainly discusses the generation,classifi-cation and biological functions of tsRNA,and elaborates on the role and possible mechanisms of tsRNA in neurodevelopment and neuropsychiatric disorders,thereby further revealing the poten-tial of tsRNA as a reliable biomarker and therapeutic target for neuropsychiatric disorders.

AIM: To analyze the clinical features and multimodal imaging features of peripapillary hyper-reflective ovoid mass-like structure(PHOMS).METHODS: Retrospective observation study. Totally 35 patients(56 eyes)with PHOMS that diagnosed in the Affiliated Eye Hospital of Nanjing Medical University from January 2020 to March 2024 were included in the study. All patients underwent fundus photography, fundus fluorescein angiography, fundus autofluorescence, optical coherence tomography, and B-ultrasound.RESULTS:PHOMS occurred across diverse age groups, with an insidious onset often detected incidentally during routine ophthalmic examinations. More patients came to hospital for refractive errors due to blurred vision The boundary of the optic disc is blurred on fundus photography, and the nasal eminence is more significant, showing a “C” shaped halo. No obvious abnormal fluorescence was observed on fundus autofluorescence and fundus fluorescein angiography during different periods. An elevated appearance in vary degrees with more prominent in the nasal parts was showed on different OCT scans. Vertical scanning on the nasal side of the optic disc showed the best PHOMS structure, which could be seen under the retinal nerve fiber layer and on the Bruch membrane, with sharply marginated hyper-reflective ovoid mass-like structures, and no shielding effect on the choroid. The higher the elevation, the larger the volume. Ocular B-mode ultrasound showed a pre-optic disc bulge on the posterior wall of the eyeball, and there was no strong signal echo in it.CONCLUSION:PHOMS can be found frequently in myopic patients and often asymptomatic. Transient vision loss and floaters may occur in symptomatic cases. The most typical OCT feature is a nasally located hyper-reflective ovoid structure with distinct margins.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of Tongmai Hypoglycemic Capsule (THC) on myocardium injury in diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) rats. METHODS: A total of 24 Sprague Dawley rats were fed for 4 weeks with high-fat and high-sugar food and then injected with streptozotocin intraperitoneally for the establishment of the DCM model. In addition, 6 rats with normal diets were used as the control group. After modeling, 24 DCM rats were randomly divided into the model, L-THC, M-THC, and H-THC groups by computer generated random numbers, and 0, 0.16, 0.32, 0.64 g/kg of THC were adopted respectively by gavage, with 6 rats in each group. After 12 weeks of THC administration, echocardiography, histopathological staining, biochemical analysis, and Western blot were used to detect the changes in myocardial structure, oxidative stress (OS), biochemical indexes, protein expressions of myocardial fibrosis, and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related faactor 2 (Nrf2) element, respectively. RESULTS: Treatment with THC significantly decreased cardiac markers such as creatine kinase, lactate dehydrogenase, and creatine kinase-MB, etc., (P<0.01); enhanced cardiac function indicators including heart rate, ejection fraction, cardiac output, interventricular septal thickness at diastole, and others (P<0.05 or P<0.01); decreased levels of biochemical indicators such as fasting blood glucose, total cholesterol, triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, aspartate transaminase, (P<0.05 or P<0.01); and decreased the levels of myocardial fibrosis markers α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), and collagen I (Col-1) protein (P<0.01), improved myocardial morphology and the status of myocardial interstitial fibrosis. THC significantly reduced malondialdehyde levels in model rats (P<0.01), increased levels of catalase, superoxide dismutase, and glutathione (P<0.01), and significantly increased the expression of Nrf2, NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase 1, heme oxygenase-1, and superoxide dismutase 2 proteins in the left ventricle of rats (P<0.01). CONCLUSION THC activates the Nrf2 signaling pathway and plays a protective role in reducing OS injury and cardiac fibrosis in DCM rats.
Animals ; Diabetic Cardiomyopathies/physiopathology* ; Oxidative Stress/drug effects* ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal/therapeutic use* ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Myocardium/metabolism* ; Fibrosis ; Male ; Capsules ; Hypoglycemic Agents/therapeutic use* ; NF-E2-Related Factor 2/metabolism* ; Rats ; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/drug therapy*

Hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) are the primary fibrogenic cells in the liver, and their activation plays a crucial role in the development and progression of hepatic fibrosis. Here, we report that retinoid X receptor-alpha (RXRα), a unique member of the nuclear receptor superfamily, is a key modulator of HSC activation and liver fibrosis. RXRα exerts its effects by modulating calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase kinase β (CaMKKβ)-mediated activation of AMP-activated protein kinase-alpha (AMPKα). In addition, we demonstrate that K-80003, which binds RXRα by a unique mechanism, effectively suppresses HSC activation, proliferation, and migration, thereby inhibiting liver fibrosis in the CCl₄ and amylin liver NASH (AMLN) diet animal models. The effect is mediated by AMPKα activation, promoting mitophagy in HSCs. Mechanistically, K-80003 activates AMPKα by inducing RXRα to form condensates with CaMKKβ and AMPKα via a two-phase process. The formation of RXRα condensates is driven by its N-terminal intrinsic disorder region and requires phosphorylation by CaMKKβ. Our results reveal a crucial role of RXRα in liver fibrosis regulation through modulating mitochondrial activities in HSCs. Furthermore, they suggest that K-80003 and related RXRα modulators hold promise as therapeutic agents for fibrosis-related diseases.

Ferric oxide/nitrogen-doped carbon nanomaterials(Fe2O3/N-C)with high oxidase-like activity were successfully synthesized via the wet chemistry and pyrolysis method using pyrrole and 1,2,3,4-butanetetracarboxylic acid as raw materials and ferric chloride as the oxidant.The structure and morphology of Fe2O3/N-C were characterized by the techniques including scanning electron microscopy,surface scanning elemental analysis,X-ray diffraction,X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy,and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy.It was revealed that Fe2O3/N-C could efficiently catalyze the conversion of colorless 3,3',5,5'-tetramethylbenzidine(TMB)into blue-colored oxidized TMB(oxTMB).Based on the principle that ascorbic acid(AA)could inhibit the catalytic color-development reaction of Fe2O3/N-C on TMB,resulting in a paler color and a reduction in the absorbance of the system,a colorimetric sensor for sensitive and accurate detection of AA was constructed.The linear range of the sensor for AA detection was 0.25-30.0 μmol/L,and the detection limit was 0.1 μmol/L.Moreover,it was successfully applied to determination of AA in beverage and tablet samples with satisfactory results.