Objective To develop and evaluate a questionnaire in knowledge,attitude and practices for the patients with dry eye disease in order to provide an evaluation tool for investigation of the status about the knowledge,attitude and practices among the patients. Methods Between January and May 2022,an initial questionnaire item pool was established through literature review and analysis,together with the group discussions based on the theoretic model of knowledge,attitude and practices. A total of 12 medical and nursing experts participated in the two rounds of Delphi expert consultations. Based on the results of consultation,an initial questionnaire was modified and developed. Between June and December 2022,190 patients with dry eye disease in our hospital were selected by convenience sampling to evaluate the reliability and validity of the questionnaire. Results Based on the included 9 pieces of literature and the results from the 3 group discussions,a preliminary questionnaire was developed with 3 dimensions and 44 items. After the first round of consultation,five items were revised,and 10 items were omitted. The second round of consultation achieved consensus among the experts. A predictive pilot questionnaire containing 34 items across three dimensions of knowledge,attitude and practice was then formulated. The Kendall's concordance coefficients in the two rounds of consultation were 0.346 and 0.413,respectively (both P<0.001),with an authority coefficient of 0.90. 176 patients completed the survey in the discrimination analysis by high and low score groups,one entry that did not meet the criteria was removed. Structural validity was then analysed by exploratory factor analysis. Five common factors with eigenvalue>1 were extracted by principal component analysis,and the cumulative contribution rate of variance was 65.677％. Item 8 of the knowledge dimension was removed due to a double load. In the content validity analysis,the item level validity was 0.92-1.00,and the scale level validity was 0.94-1.00. The Cronbach's α coefficient was 0.894,and the test-retest reliability was 0.987. The finalised evaluation questionnaire consisted of 32 items,including knowledge sub-dimension 1 (knowledge about dry eye disease),knowledge sub-dimension 2 (risk factors of dry eye disease),attitude sub-dimension 1 (prevention and control attitude for dry eye disease),and attitude sub-dimension 2 (self-management attitude of dry eye disease),as well as the behaviour dimension (prevention and control behaviour for dry eye disease). Conclusion The questionnaire developed by Delphi method demonstrates good reliability and validity. Therefore,it can be used as a tool in the investigation of the status of knowledge,attitude and practice of the patients with dry eye disease.

Objective To develop and evaluate a questionnaire in knowledge,attitude and practices for the patients with dry eye disease in order to provide an evaluation tool for investigation of the status about the knowledge,attitude and practices among the patients. Methods Between January and May 2022,an initial questionnaire item pool was established through literature review and analysis,together with the group discussions based on the theoretic model of knowledge,attitude and practices. A total of 12 medical and nursing experts participated in the two rounds of Delphi expert consultations. Based on the results of consultation,an initial questionnaire was modified and developed. Between June and December 2022,190 patients with dry eye disease in our hospital were selected by convenience sampling to evaluate the reliability and validity of the questionnaire. Results Based on the included 9 pieces of literature and the results from the 3 group discussions,a preliminary questionnaire was developed with 3 dimensions and 44 items. After the first round of consultation,five items were revised,and 10 items were omitted. The second round of consultation achieved consensus among the experts. A predictive pilot questionnaire containing 34 items across three dimensions of knowledge,attitude and practice was then formulated. The Kendall's concordance coefficients in the two rounds of consultation were 0.346 and 0.413,respectively (both P<0.001),with an authority coefficient of 0.90. 176 patients completed the survey in the discrimination analysis by high and low score groups,one entry that did not meet the criteria was removed. Structural validity was then analysed by exploratory factor analysis. Five common factors with eigenvalue>1 were extracted by principal component analysis,and the cumulative contribution rate of variance was 65.677％. Item 8 of the knowledge dimension was removed due to a double load. In the content validity analysis,the item level validity was 0.92-1.00,and the scale level validity was 0.94-1.00. The Cronbach's α coefficient was 0.894,and the test-retest reliability was 0.987. The finalised evaluation questionnaire consisted of 32 items,including knowledge sub-dimension 1 (knowledge about dry eye disease),knowledge sub-dimension 2 (risk factors of dry eye disease),attitude sub-dimension 1 (prevention and control attitude for dry eye disease),and attitude sub-dimension 2 (self-management attitude of dry eye disease),as well as the behaviour dimension (prevention and control behaviour for dry eye disease). Conclusion The questionnaire developed by Delphi method demonstrates good reliability and validity. Therefore,it can be used as a tool in the investigation of the status of knowledge,attitude and practice of the patients with dry eye disease.

MicroRNA (miRNA),sharing the character of regulating the transcriptional level and expression level of mRNAs,is one kind of small non-coded RNAs.At present,innate immune has become one of the hot topics for researchers,and miRNAs as a sort of bioactive substance greatly take part in the whole regulation progress.In detailed,miRNAs can influence the immune state of immune cells during innate immune period and further regulate inflammatory conditions in whole body.By systematically summarizing miRNA function during innate immunity,this present review may provide a reference for peer researchers.

Spinal cord injury is a difficult medical problem and need to be solved urgently.Application of tissue engineering to repair spinal cord injury has gradually become a hot spot.It is important to prevent the development of scar tissue while inducing cells' regeneration by using scaffold.Nanotechnology has improved the performance of scaffold because of its superiority.Nanoscaffold has obvious advantages compared with the traditional scaffolds.New scaffold materials can be obtained by nanotechnology.Nanoscaffold can also serve as a good drug carrier,and it may have beneficial effects on biological behaviors of seed cells on its surface,such as differentiation,proliferation and migration,which may promote tissue regeneration and functional recovery and get good results in repairment of spinal cord injury.This article summarized the research progress in recent years in nano spinal cord engineering scaffolds in order to provide a reference for research in related fields.

Objective To evaluate the response of the lung tumor xenografts in nude mice to antiangiogenic treatment from perspectives of anatomic,vessel function,cellular and molecular level using the multimodality imaging techniques including optical imaging,dynamic contrast enhanced MRI(DCE-MRI)and diffusion weighted imaging(DWI).Methods The green fluorescent protein(GFP)was transplanted labeled using GFP-expressing NCI-H460 cells.After the transfection of GFP,NCI-H460 cells were implanted subcutaneously into nude mice.Ten days after implantion,12 nude mice whose tumor xenografts grew to 0.5-1.0 cm in the maximum diameter were randomly divided into 2 groups,and injected with phosphate-buffered saline and recombinant human endostatin respectively.Then the nude mice in the two groups underwent optical imaging,DCE-MRI and DWI.The volumes,photon counts,the quantitative MR vessel functional parameters including volume transfer constant(Ktrans),rate constant(Kep),volume of extravascular extracellular space(Ve)and maximum area under the enhancement curve(iAUC),and apparent diffusion coefficient(ADC)values of the tumors were recorded.Then tumors were collected and observed using the transmission electron microscopy and pathology examination,including HE staining,microvessel density(MVD)and the expressions of vascular endothelial cell growth factor(VEGF).The Kep and VEGF expressions in experimental group and control group were compared with x2 text,and other values were compared with t test.The Pearson and Spearman test were used for analyzing the correlation of values in the two groups.Results Seven days after inoculation,the fluorescence signals were detected and grew with the growth of the tumors.On the 7 day after starting therapy,the photon counts of experimental group and control group were(2.51 ± 2.43)× 1010(photon/sec)and(5.77 ± 3.25)× 1010(photon/sec),respectively with no significant differences(t =1.964,P ＞0.05).Two sample t test showed that the tumor volumes in experimental group were smaller than those in control group[(365 ± 56)vs(987 ± 265)mm3,t =0.001,P ＜ 0.01].There was a positive correlation(r =0.673,P ＜ 0.05)between the photon counts and the volumes of the tumors.The mean Ktrans,Kep,Ve and iAUC of experimental group were:(0.055 ±0.012)min-1,0.335(0.184—0.894)min-1,0.297 ± 0.041 and 7.334 ± 3.930,and those for control group were:(0.117 ± 0.027)rin-1,0.417(0.324-1.736)min-1,0.326:±:0.062 and 13.280 ± 4.245.There were significant differences of Krans and iAUC(t =5.155,2.518,P ＜ 0.05)between experimental group and control group.And there was a positive correlation(r =0.715,P ＜ 0.0 1)between the values of iAUC and MVD,but not the expressions of VEGF(r =0.484,P ＞ 0.05).The values of ADC in experimental group were higher than that in control group[(791 ± 38)× 10-6 vs(737 ± 43)×10-6 mm2/s],and there were significant differences(t =-2.299,P ＜ 0.05).Two sample t test showed that the MVD in experimental group were lower than that in control group[(11.9 ± 4.8)vs(19.2 ±4.3)item/hpf,t =2.774,P ＜ 0.05].The VEGF expressions in experimental group were lower than that in control group(x2 =4.000,P ＞ 0.05).It was observed that some cells in experimental group had degenerated and apoptotic signs by the electron microscopy.Conclusions Evaluating the response of lung tumor xenografts to antiangiogenic treatment at anatomical,vessel functional,cellular and molecular level using the multimedality imagings is applicable.And it will be in favour of evaluating the therapeutic effect promptly.