Objective:To compare postural stability and balance in different tasks between people with and without chronic, non-specific low back pain (CNLBP).Methods:Twenty patients with CNLBP formed the study′s CNLBP group, while 25 healthy counterparts were chosen as a normal group. Both groups were tested for their ability to standing on one leg with their eyes closed (the SOLEC test), for postural balance, for postural stability (PST), and had their limits of stability (LOS) time determined. The results were compared.Results:Compared to the normal group, the CNLBP group showed a significant difference in left-right weight-bearing in a bipedal semi-squat and in two-legged alternate standing. Shifting the center of gravity in bipedal standing revealed significant differences in LOS time, anterior-posterior stability index (APSI), mediolateral stability index (MLSI) and overall stability. In bipedal standing with the eyes closed there were significant differences in APSI, MLSI and OSI observed. On average, the CNLBP group had significantly shorter SOLEC and LOS times on the left and rear left sides.Conclusions:The CNLBP patients had some postural control deficits compared to their healthy counterparts and were less able to maintain static balance on their left leg and dynamic balance. They were less able to maintain postural balance in a bipedal semi-squat and during alternate leg standing. They are at greater risk of falling when moving the body′s center of gravity to the left or the rear left side.

Background::The prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has been rapidly growing in Chinese populations in recent decades, and the shift in eating habits is a key contributing factor to this increase. Eating out of home (EOH) is one of the major shifts in eating habits during this period. However, the influence of EOH on the incidence of T2DM among Chinese urban workers is unknown.Methods::The cross-sectional study involved an analysis of 13,904 urban workers recruited from 11 health examination centers in the major cities of China to explore the relationship between EOH and T2DM between 2013 September and 2016 March.Results::Average weekly EOH frequency ≥10 times was positively associated with increased incidence of T2DM in the sampled population (OR: 1.31 [1.11-1.54], p < 0.01), most notably in participants ≤45 years old (OR: 1.41[1.11-1.80], p < 0.01]) and in males (OR:1.26 [1.06-1.51], p < 0.01). An EOH frequency of 5 times/week appears as a threshold for a significant increase in the odds of T2DM. Weekly EOH frequency ≥5 times was associated with increased odds of T2DM in a dose-response manner in the total population and almost all subgroups ( poverall association < 0.05 and pnonlinearity ≤ 0.05). Conclusion::This study showed that a frequency of EOH (≥5 times/week) was associated with a frequency-dependent increase in the odds of T2DM urban workers in China. More nutrition promotion is needed to improve the eating behavior of Chinese urban workers to reduce T2DM risk.

Background::The prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has been rapidly growing in Chinese populations in recent decades, and the shift in eating habits is a key contributing factor to this increase. Eating out of home (EOH) is one of the major shifts in eating habits during this period. However, the influence of EOH on the incidence of T2DM among Chinese urban workers is unknown.Methods::The cross-sectional study involved an analysis of 13,904 urban workers recruited from 11 health examination centers in the major cities of China to explore the relationship between EOH and T2DM between 2013 September and 2016 March.Results::Average weekly EOH frequency ≥10 times was positively associated with increased incidence of T2DM in the sampled population (OR: 1.31 [1.11-1.54], p < 0.01), most notably in participants ≤45 years old (OR: 1.41[1.11-1.80], p < 0.01]) and in males (OR:1.26 [1.06-1.51], p < 0.01). An EOH frequency of 5 times/week appears as a threshold for a significant increase in the odds of T2DM. Weekly EOH frequency ≥5 times was associated with increased odds of T2DM in a dose-response manner in the total population and almost all subgroups ( poverall association < 0.05 and pnonlinearity ≤ 0.05). Conclusion::This study showed that a frequency of EOH (≥5 times/week) was associated with a frequency-dependent increase in the odds of T2DM urban workers in China. More nutrition promotion is needed to improve the eating behavior of Chinese urban workers to reduce T2DM risk.

Objective:To compare postural stability and balance in different tasks between people with and without chronic, non-specific low back pain (CNLBP).Methods:Twenty patients with CNLBP formed the study′s CNLBP group, while 25 healthy counterparts were chosen as a normal group. Both groups were tested for their ability to standing on one leg with their eyes closed (the SOLEC test), for postural balance, for postural stability (PST), and had their limits of stability (LOS) time determined. The results were compared.Results:Compared to the normal group, the CNLBP group showed a significant difference in left-right weight-bearing in a bipedal semi-squat and in two-legged alternate standing. Shifting the center of gravity in bipedal standing revealed significant differences in LOS time, anterior-posterior stability index (APSI), mediolateral stability index (MLSI) and overall stability. In bipedal standing with the eyes closed there were significant differences in APSI, MLSI and OSI observed. On average, the CNLBP group had significantly shorter SOLEC and LOS times on the left and rear left sides.Conclusions:The CNLBP patients had some postural control deficits compared to their healthy counterparts and were less able to maintain static balance on their left leg and dynamic balance. They were less able to maintain postural balance in a bipedal semi-squat and during alternate leg standing. They are at greater risk of falling when moving the body′s center of gravity to the left or the rear left side.

OBJECTIVE To compare anti-ischemic stroke （IS） effect of different extraction parts from Gastrodia elata， and to provide reference for screening the anti-IS effective parts of G. elata. METHODS G. elata was extracted and separated by ethanol reflux extraction and ethyl acetate extraction. The rat model of diffuse cerebral thrombosis was induced by internal carotid artery injection of arachidonic acid （AA）； the anti-IS effect of G. elata powder， ethanol extract of G. elata， residue of ethanol extract of G. elata， ethyl acetate extract of G. elata， residue of ethyl acetate extract of G. elata， gastrodin and aspirin （positive control drug） were investigated with the content of Evans blue （EB） in the ischemic brain tissue as index. RESULTS Compared with model group， aspirin， ethanol extract of G. elata and ethyl acetate extract of G. elata could significantly decrease the content of EB in the ischemic brain tissue of model rats （P＜0.05）. G. elata powder had the tendency to reduce the content of EB in the ischemic brain tissue of model rats， without statistical significance （P＞0.05）. The residue of ethanol extract of G. elata， residue of ethyl acetate extract of G. elata and gastrodin had little effect on the content of EB in the ischemic brain tissue of model rats. CONCLUSIONS Both ethanol extract of G. elata and ethyl acetate extract of G. elata have anti-IS effects， which are stronger than that of G. elata powder.

OBJECTIVE： To screen the best proportion of Astragalus membranaceus injection combined with Erigeron breviscapus injection against cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats. METHODS： Male SD rats were randomly divided into sham operation group， model group and administration group [different A. membranaceus injection-E. breviscapus injection proportion groups， being A（0 ∶ 10）， B（2 ∶ 8）， C（4 ∶ 6）， D（6 ∶ 4）， E（8 ∶ 2）， F（10 ∶ 0）groups， set by baseline geometric proportion increasing and decreasing design]， with 8 rats in each group. Except for sham operation group， reperfusion injury model of middle cerebral artery occlusion were induced by modified suture method in rats. The each administration group was given relevant medicine intraperitoneally once immediately after inducing model， and then given again after 24 hours （medication interval between the two injections of 30 min）. Constant volume of normal saline was given to rats in sham operation group and model group. Forty-eight hours after reperfusion， Longa scoring method was used to evaluate neurological impairment of rats， and neurological impairment score was recorded. Serum content of MDA and activity of SOD were measured by colorimetry assay. TTC assay was used to detect cerebral infraction， and cerebral infarction rate was calculated. Kim’s formula was used to calculate the synergistic index （q） of rats in administration groups. RESULTS： Compared with sham operation group， neurological impairment score and serum content of MDA were increased significantly in model group， while activity of SOD was decreased significantly （P＜0.01）. The area of cerebral infarction increased significantly， and the rate of cerebral infarction increased significantly （P＜0.01）. Compared with model group， neurological impairment scores and serum contents of MDA were decreased significantly in group A， B， C， D and E； neurological impairment score of group C was significantly lower than those of group A and F； serum contents of MDA in group B， C， D and E were significantly lower than that of group F （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）. Activities of SOD in group A， B， C， D and E were increased significantly， and group C was significantly higher than group F （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）. The cerebral infarction area of rats in each administration group was reduced to varying degrees. The cerebral infarction rates of rats in group B， C， D and E were significantly reduced， and group C and D were significantly lower than group F， while group C was significantly lower than group A （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）. The q values of group B， C， D and E were 0.90， 1.30， 1.00， 0.70 （neurological impairment score） and 0.79， 1.27， 0.98， 0.82 （cerebral infarction rate）. CONCLUSIONS： Different ratios of A. membranaceus injection and E. breviscapus injection have certain protective effects on cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury model rats， can relieve their neurological deficits， alleviate their oxidative stress and reduce their cerebral infarction areas. The effect of the combination of the two drugs is better than that of single use， and the optimum ratio is 4 ∶ 6.

Animals ; Brain ; physiology ; Consciousness ; physiology ; Humans ; Mice ; Neurotransmitter Agents ; physiology ; Optics and Photonics ; Synaptic Transmission ; physiology

Objective To investigate the prevalence rate of healthcare-associated infection(HAI)in a hospital,so as to provide reference for making HAI control measures.Methods The cross-sectional survey on HAI was carried out among all hospitalized patients on May 26,2010,December 12,2012 and December 4,2013,respectively,sur-veyed data were analyzed.Results The prevalence rate was 6.66%(n =116),6.67%(n =113)and 6.33%(n =120)in 2010,2012 and 2013 respectively,and case rate was 7.29%(n=127),7.38%(n=125)and 6.97%(n=132) respectively,intensive care unit(ICU )had the highest infection rate,internal medicine ICU was up to 71 .43%. The main infection site was lower respiratory tract(44.53%),followed by surgical site infection (9.11 %)and uri-nary tract infection (9.11 %).The isolation rate of gram-negative bacteria,gram-positive bacteria and fungi was 60.81 %,20.38% and 18.81 % respectively.Usage rate of antimicrobial agents in three years was 32.95%, 29.87% and 25.59% respectively (χ2 = 13.16,P <0.01 ).Conclusion Prevalence rate of HAI in this hospital is high ,the main pathogen is gram-negative bacteria,the main infection site is lower respiratory tract ,antimicrobial use decreased year by year.Monitor on high risk departments,main sites and pathogens should be intensified.