Objective:To establish HPLC fingerprint and methods for determining the contents of four iridoid glycosides of Gentiana rigescens; To evaluate the quality of Gentiana rigescens from different origins; To improve the quality control level of Gentiana rigescens medicinal materials.Methods:Using 15 batches of Gentiana rigescens from the main production areas and authentic production areas as raw materials, the common mode of HPLC fingerprints of Gentiana rigescens was established, and the chemical components of the common peaks were identified. Referring to the common mode of fingerprints, similarity analysis was conducted on the fingerprints of Gentiana rigescens from different origins. Using chemometric methods, cluster analysis (HCA), principal component analysis (HCA), and orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) were performed on 15 batches of Gentiana rigescens, with the common peak area of fingerprint as the variable. The contents of four types of iridoid glycosides in Gentiana rigescens were determined. Combined with the fingerprints and the content results of four types of iridoid glycosides, the quality of Gentiana rigescens from different origins was evaluated.Results:The fingerprints of Gentiana rigescens contained 9 common peaks, with 4 identified iridoid glycosides. The similarity of the fingerprints of 15 batches of Gentiana rigescens ranged from 0.962 to 0.999. HCA and PCA divided the 15 batches of Gentiana rigescens into two categories. OPLS-DA analyzed 3 significantly different components, namely gentiopicroside, peak 7, and loganic acid. The content determination results showed that the average contents of loganic acid, swertiamarin, and gentiopicroside in Gentiana rigescens from Dali Bai Autonomous Prefecture and Yunnan Province were the highest, and the total amount of four iridoid glycosides was also significantly higher than that from other regions, indicating that the overall quality of Gentiana rigescens from Dali Bai Autonomous Prefecture and Yunnan Province was relatively good.Conclusion:This method is simple, fast, accurate, and can provide reference for improving the quality standards of Gentiana rigescens.

ObjectiveTo evaluate the quality of Lygodium japonicum (Thunb.) Sw. (L. japonicum, Hai Jin Sha) by comparing its components without stewed (W) and stewed (S) using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC) and chemometric analysis. Additionally, network pharmacology was employed to investigate the possible mechanisms of action of L. japonicum in the urinary calculi (UC) treatment.MethodsA fingerprinting method was established to identify components through UHPLC-tandem mass spectrometry. Chemometric techniques were used to compare the L. japonicum extraction methods. Furthermore, various network pharmacological approaches were used to identify and analyze the potential targets of the identified components in relation to UC.ResultsThe W and S extracts were distributed into two distinct clusters. Significant differences in the levels of protocatechuic aldehyde, caffeic acid, and p-coumaric acid were observed between S and W. Network pharmacology analysis revealed that the primary targets of L. japonicum in the UC treatment were serum albumin and epidermal growth factor receptors, with potential active components including protocatechuic acid and caffeic acid.ConclusionThis study comprehensively examined the therapeutic components of L. japonicum before and after boiling, shedding light on its potential mechanisms of action in UC treatment. These findings offer valuable insights into the development and utilization of L. japonicum resources.

Objective To establish an ultra-high performance liquid chromatography(UPLC)fingerprint and multi-index content determination method of Siraitiae fructus standard decoction.Methods 15 batches of Siraitiae fructus from different producing areas were collected,Siraitiae fructus standard decoction was prepared according to Technical Requirements for Quality Control and Standardization of Traditional Chinese Medicine Formula Granules,and the extract rate was calculated.UPLC was used to establish the fingerprint of 15 batches of Siraitiae fructus standard decoction and determine the contents of 11-O-mogroside V,kaempferitrin and mogroside V,which were the main effective components.The chemometrics analysis was used to evaluate the quality of Siraitiae fructus standard decoction and find possible quality markers.Results The extraction rate of 15 batches Siraitiae fructus standard decoction ranged from 24.79％to 34.95％.There were 16 common peaks in the fingerprint,and 4 components were identified.The Siraitiae fructus standard decoction was divided into 2 categories by chemometrics analysis,among which samples from Liuzhou,Guangxi were in one category and samples from Guilin,Guangxi were in another category.Seven differential markers were screened out under the condition of variable importance projection value,and the order was as follows:peak 8＞peak 7＞peak 5＞peak 12(kaempferitrin)＞peak 1＞peak 13＞peak 4.The contents of kaempferitrin,11-O-mogroside V and mogroside V in samples from Guilin,Guangxi were slightly higher than those in samples from Liuzhou,Guangxi.Conclusion The UPLC fingerprint and content determination method established in this study are feasible,which can provide a basis for the quality evaluation of Siraitiae fructus.The results of principal component analysis show that kaempferol is likely to become a quality marker of Siraitiae fructus.

AIM:To investigate the anti-fibrotic effect of Panax notoginseng saponins(PNS)in arecoline(ANE)-induced oral submucous fibrosis,and to analyze the effect of PNS on nuclear factor E2-related factor 2(Nrf2)/glu-tamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit(GCLC)signaling pathway.METHODS:CCK-8 assay was used to evaluate the effects of different concentrations of PNS and arecoline on the survival rate of human immortalized keratinocyte cell line Ha-CaT.The results of CCK-8 were used to select 75 mg/L arecoline,and 25,50 and 100 mg/L PNS as subsequent experi-mental concentrations.The cells were set as blank control group,model group,and low,medium and high doses(25,50 and 100 mg/L)of PNS groups.The protein and mRNA expressions of collagen type I(COL-I),E-cadherin,Nrf2,GCLC and glutathione reductase(GR)in each group were detected by Western blot and RT-qPCR.Immunofluorescence method was used to detect the entry of Nrf2 into the nucleus.Biochemical kits were used to detect the content of glutathione(GSH),nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate(NADPH)and malondialdehyde(MDA),and superoxide dis-mutase(SOD)activity in each group of cells.DCFH-DA fluorescent probe was used to detect the content of intracellular reactive oxygen species(ROS).RESULTS:Compared with the blank control group,the protein and mRNA expression of COL-I in the model group was up-regulated,and the protein and mRNA levels of E-cadherin,Nrf2,GCLC,nuclear Nrf2 and GR were down-regulated.The content of NADPH,MDA and ROS in the cells increased,and the content of GSH and the activity of SOD was significantly reduced.Compared with the model group,the protein and mRNA expression of COL-I was down-regulated,and the protein and mRNA expression of E-cadherin,Nrf2,GCLC,nuclear Nrf2 and GR were up-regulated in PNS 50 and 100 mg/L groups.Compared with the model group,the content of NADPH,MDA and ROS in cells decreased,and the content of GSH and the activity of SOD was significantly enhanced(P<0.05 or P<0.01).CON-CLUSION:Panax notoginseng saponins have anti-fibrosis effects in HaCaT cells,and their mechanism may be related to the activation of Nrf2/GCLC signaling pathway,thereby resisting oxidative stress and improving oral submucosal fibrosis.

Objective:To construct a training model for non-psychiatric psychological specialist nurses in general hospitals, providing reference for the selection, training, management, and evaluation of psychological specialist nurses.Methods:From November 2022 to April 2023, a preliminary draft of the training model for non-psychiatric psychological specialist nurses in general hospitals was developed through literature review and semi-structured interviews. From May to July 2023, the Delphi method was used to conduct two rounds of expert consultations with 29 experts from seven provinces and municipalities directly under the central government, including Shanxi, Beijing and Anhui, etc. Based on expert opinions, the final training model for non-psychiatric psychological specialist nurses in general hospitals was formed. The enthusiasm of experts was expressed by the questionnaire response rate, the degree of authority was expressed by the expert authority coefficient, and the degree of coordination of expert opinions was expressed by Kendall's coordination coefficient.Results:In two rounds of expert consultations, the questionnaire response rate was 100.00% (29/29) for both rounds, and the expert authority coefficients were 0.884 and 0.916, and Kendall's coordination coefficients were 0.085-0.203 and 0.084-0.228 (all P<0.05). The final training model for non-psychiatric psychological specialist nurses in general hospitals included five primary indicators of training objectives, training content, training methods, training process, and training evaluation, 22 secondary indicators, and 92 tertiary indicators. Conclusions:The training model for non-psychiatric psychological specialist nurses in general hospitals constructed is scientific and practical, and has guiding significance for the selection, training, assessment and evaluation of psychological specialist nurses in China.

Objective:To investigate the clinical effect of turbocharged large free anterolateral thigh flaps (ALTF) by anastomosis with a superior perforator of the flap in reconstruction of large soft tissue defects of limbs.Methods:From June 2017 to June 2021, 6 patients with large soft tissue defects of limbs with exposed joints and tendons were treated in the Department of Hand and Foot Surgery of the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University with turbocharged large free ALTFs. The pressurised blood supply of ALTF was achieved by anastomosing a superior perforating branch carried in the flap. Such large and turbocharged ALTFs were used to repair large soft tissue defects with exposed joints and tendons in limbs. Of the 6 patients, there were 4 males and 2 females, and aged 32-60(46.0±8.1) years old. Cause of injury: 5 by traffic accident and 1 by machine crush. Four patients had soft tissue defects in lower limbs: 2 with open tibia and fibula fractures, 1 had patellar defect and fibula fracture, and 1 associated with fibula fracture. The other 2 patients had soft tissue defect in upper limbs with bone and tendon exposed but without fracture. The sizes of wound were 25.0 cm×12.0 cm-35.0 cm×19.0 cm. In the primary surgery, Vacuum sealing drainage (VSD) was applied. In the second stage, free ALTFs were used to cover the wound. The area of flap incision was increased by anastomosing the superior perforators and as the consequence, the size of flaps was achieved to 26.0 cm×13.0 cm-36.0 cm×15.0 cm. Donor site of 6 cases were reduced by direct suture, and the remaining wound was covered by free skin graft. Postoperative follow-ups were conducted at outpatient clinic reviews at 1, 2, 3 and 6 months after surgery, and followed by telephone or WeChat interviews. The results of the operation were evaluated according to the appearance, texture and sensory recovery of the flap.Results:All 6 flaps survived and the patients completed the postoperative follow-up that lasted for 6-24 (16.7±5.0) months. No necrosis of flap occurred after surgery. The appearance and texture of the flaps were satisfactory without wear and tear. Sensation recover was evaluated by the standered of British Medical Research Council (BMRC), 4 patients recovered to S 3 and 2 patients to S 2. The Mayo score of the elbow joint was good in 2 patient with upper extremity injuries. Of the other 4 patients with lower limb injuries, the knee function evalued by Hospital for Special Surgery(HSS) score were excellent in 3 patients and good in 1 patient, and the American Orthopedic Foot and Ankle Societ(AOFAS) ankle-hind foot function score was excellent in 2 patients and good in 2 patients. There was no infection or function loss at all donor sites. Conclusion:The perforator of an ALTF is relatively constant, and the flap can partially restore sensation. The superior perforator is reliable and the incision area of the flap can be enlarged by anastomosing the superior perforator vessels. It is a better way to reconstruct a large soft tissue defects in limbs.

Objective:To establish UPLC fingerprint method of Buddlejae Flos standard decoction and determination method of acteoside and linarin.Methods:UPLC method was used to establish the fingerprints of 17 batches of Buddlejae Flos standard decoction. Similarity evaluation and clustering analysis were carried out on the fingerprints of Buddlejae Flos standard decoction; the chromatographic peaks of standard decoction were identified by mass spectrometry and compared with the reference materials; the contents of acteoside and linarin in Buddlejae Flos standard decoction were determined by HPLC.Results:There were 11 common peaks in the fingerprint of Buddlejae Flos standard decoction and 6 of them were identified. The similarity of the 17 batch samples was between 0.972 and 0.999. Clustering analysis classified 17 batches of Buddlejae Flos standard decoction into two categories; edgeworthia chrysantha standard decoction was identified by the method of fingerprint as counterfeit; the content determination results showed that the contents of acteoside and linarin in the standard decoction prepared from Buddlejae Flos of in Hubei and Sichuan Provinces were higher than others and were more stable.Conclusion:The method can be used to comprehensively evaluate the quality of Buddlejae Flos standard decoction and provide reference for establishing the quality standard of Buddlejae Flos dispensing granules.

Objective: The current investigation aimed to determine the appropriate dosage form by comparing solid dispersion and liposome to achieve the purpose of improving the solubility and bioavailability of linarin. Methods: Linarin solid dispersion (LSD) and linarin liposome (LL) were developed via the solvent method and the thin film hydration method respectively. The Transwell chamber model of Caco-2 cells was established to evaluate the absorption of drug. The pharmacokinetics of linarin, LSD and LL in rats after ig administration were carried out by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method. Results: The solubility of LSD and LL was severally 3.29 times and 3.09 times than that of linarin. The permeation coefficients of LSD and LL were greater than 10

Objective:To explore the effect of health education based on Heider's balance theory in patients undergoing radical resection of liver cancer.Methods:From July 2019 to October 2020, convenience sampling was used to select liver cancer patients who underwent radical surgery in the First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University as the research object. According to the random number table, the patients were divided into the observation group ( n=51) and the control group ( n=52) . The control group conducted routine nursing, and the observation group carried out health education according to the Heider balance theory on the basis of the control group. The effects of intervention were evaluated with the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) , Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS) and the Mishel Uncertainty in Illness Scale. Results:After two months of intervention, the PSS and DASS scores of the observation group were lower than those of the control group, and the differences were statistically significant ( P<0.01) . After two months of intervention, the total score and the scores of all dimensions of the Mishel Uncertainty in Illness Scale in the observation group were lower than those in the control group, and the differences were statistically significant ( P<0.01) . Conclusions:Health education based on Heider's balance theory can reduce patients' perceived stress and improve patients' disease uncertainty, and it is worthy of clinical application.

Objective:To investigate the clinical features and associated influencing factors of cognitive impairment in middle-aged and elderly Chinese adult patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis (HD).Methods:A cross-sectional study was conducted among HD patients from 11 centers in Beijing city from April 2017 to June 2017. A neuropsychological battery covering domains of attention/processing speed, executive function, memory, language, and visuospatial function was applied in cognitive function assessment. Patients were classified as normal cognitive function group and cognitive impairment group according to the fifth version of the diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders criteria (DSM-V). Multivariate binary logistic regression was used to analyze the independent influencing factors of cognitive impairment. Results:A total of 613 HD patients were included in the study, and the prevalence of cognitive impairment was 80.91% (496/613). Attention impairment (81.05%) and memory impairment (63.51%) were the most common impaired domains, and 79.23% was concomitant impairment across two or more cognitive domains among those with cognitive impairment. Compared with the patients in the normal cognitive function group, the patients in the cognitive impairment group had senior age, longer dialysis vintage, higher proportion of diabetes, hypertension, and stroke, higher level of serum intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH), lower education level, and lower urea clearance index (Kt/V) (all P<0.05). Factors were independently associated with cognitive impairment including increasing age ( OR=1.110, 95% CI 1.072-1.150, P<0.001), education time>12 years (with education time<6 years as reference, OR=0.323, 95% CI 0.115-0.909, P=0.032), history of diabetes ( OR=2.151, 95% CI 1.272-3.636, P=0.004), history of stroke ( OR=2.546, 95% CI 1.244-5.210, P=0.011), increased dialysis vintage ( OR=1.016, 95% CI 1.010-1.022, P<0.001), reduced Kt/V( OR=0.008, 95% CI 0.002-0.035, P<0.001), and increased iPTH level ( OR=1.002, 95% CI 1.002-1.003, P=0.012). Conclusions:The prevalence of cognitive impairment in middle-aged and elderly adult Chinese patients undergoing HD is high. Memory and attention are the most commonly impaired domains. Increasing age, low education level, history of diabetes and stroke, increased dialysis vintage, reduced Kt/V and increased serum iPTH are the independent influencing factors associated with cognitive impairment.