Objective To investigate the incidence trend of infectious diseases among kindergarten children in Yangpu District, Shanghai, and to provide scientific reference for prevention and control strategies of infectious diseases among key populations. Methods Descriptive epidemiology method and Joinpoint regression analysis model were used to analyze the surveillance data of infectious diseases among kindergarten children. Results The average annual reported incidence of infectious diseases among kindergarten children in Yangpu District was 3,344.08/100,000, showing a downward trend (AAPC=-5.51, 95%CI: -13.02~2.63). Intestinal (65.49%) and respiratory (34.48%) infectious diseases were the main cases. There were 7,378 cases of hand, foot and mouth disease (62.95%), 1,885 cases of influenza (16.08%), 1,378 cases of varicella (11.76%), and 392 cases of mumps (3.34%), accounting for 94.14% of all reported cases. Hand, foot and mouth disease (AAPC=-17.68%, 95%CI: -27.52~-6.51), mumps (AAPC=-9.33, 95%CI: -14.86~-3.45) and varicella (AAPC=-7.32, 95%CI: -17.35~3.93) showed an overall decreasing trend, while influenza (AAPC=32.19, 95%CI: 12.49-55.34) was on the rise. The incidence of the disease showed double peak distribution, and the high incidence months were from May to July and from September to December. The male to female ratio was 1.39:1. Conclusion The incidence of infectious diseases among kindergarten children in Yangpu District shows a downward trend. It is necessary to continue to increase the coverage rate of Enterovirus 71(EV71), influenza, chickenpox and MMR combined live attenuated vaccine, strengthen monitoring and early warning, actively carry out health guidance, and effectively control the occurrence of common infectious diseases in kindergarten children.

ObjectiveTo study the chemical constituents of Painong powder and the constituents absorbed into blood after oral administration to rats by ultra performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole-electrostatic field orbitrap high-resolution mass spectrometry （UPLC-Q-Orbitrap-MS）. MethodsUPLC-Q-Orbitrap-MS was employed for mass spectrometry data acquisition. The chemical constituents of Painong Powder and the constituents absorbed into blood were characterized and identified via Xcalibur 4.2 and Compound Discoverer v3.3.1 （CD） based on retention time， accurate molecular weights， secondary fragmentation ions， and comparison with reference standards and literature reports. ResultsA total of 176 chemical compounds， including 56 flavonoids， 42 triterpenoid saponins， 23 monoterpenes， 7 coumarins， 5 tannins， and other 43 compounds were identified from Painong powder. 49 components were identified in the rat plasma after oral administration of Painong powder， including 33 prototype constituents and 16 metabolites. The major metabolic pathways included hydrolysis in phase Ⅰ metabolic reactions， as well as methylation， sulfation， and glucuronidation in phase Ⅱ metabolic reaction. ConclusionThe method comprehensively identified the chemical constituents of Painong powder both in vitro and in vivo， and may provide a reference for the study of quality control and clinical applications.

SMYD5 is a ribosomal methyltransferase with SET and MYND structural domains， which is a member of the SMYD family and is expressed in a variety of tissues， including ovary and testis. This enzyme participates in biological processes such as gene expression regulation， cell development and differentiation， and maintenance of genomic stability through ribosomal protein methylation modification. In recent years， research on SMYD5 has increased in cancers including hepatocellular carcinoma， gastric adenocarcinoma， and lung cancer. Studies have revealed that SMYD5 exhibits high expression levels in various diseases including hepatocellular carcinoma， gastric adenocarcinoma， lung cancer， and inflammatory bowel disease， influencing the progression of these conditions. This review summarizes the role of SMYD5 in hepatocellular carcinoma， inflammatory bowel disease， and other biological functions， aiming to provide a reference for related disease research.

AIM: To investigate the relationship between serum levels of sirtuins(Sirts)1-6 and oxidative stress markers, and to evaluate their diagnostic value for age-related cataract(ARC).METHODS:A prospective cohort of ARC patients admitted to the hospital between June 2019 and July 2021 was enrolled as the study subjects. Concurrently, age-matched healthy individuals undergoing routine physical examinations at the hospital during the same period were recruited as the control group. Baseline demographic and clinical characteristics were compared between the two groups. Serum levels of Sirt1-6 and oxidative stress markers including malondialdehyde(MDA), superoxide dismutase(SOD), glutathione peroxidase(GSH-Px), and total antioxidant capacity(TAC)were compared. Pearson correlation analysis was performed to assess the associations between serum Sirt1-6 levels and oxidative stress parameters. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis was conducted to analysis risk factors associated with ARC occurrence. Receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve was used to evaluate the diagnostic value of serum Sirt1-6 levels and oxidative stress indicators for ARC.RESULTS: The study included 127 ARC patients, comprising 68 men and 59 women, with a mean age of 66.05±2.58 y; the concurrent control group consisted of 121 patients, comprising 63 men and 58 women, with a mean age of 65.54±2.86 y. Serum levels of Sirt1, 3 and 6, SOD, GSH-Px, and TAC were significantly lower in the ARC group compared to the control group(all P<0.001), whereas MDA levels were markedly elevated(P<0.001). Pearson correlation analysis revealed that serum levels of Sirt1, Sirt3, Sirt6 in the ARC group were positively correlated with SOD, GSH-Px, and TAC, and negatively correlated with MDA. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis demonstrated that serum Sirt1, Sirt6, MDA, SOD, and GSH-Px were significantly associated with the occurrence of ARC(all P<0.001). ROC curve analysis showed that the combination of Sirt1, Sirt6, MDA, SOD, and GSH-Px yielded an area under the curve(AUC)of 0.995 for diagnosing ARC, which was significantly higher than that of Sirt1 alone(Z=4.978,P<0.001), Sirt6 alone(Z=7.487,P<0.001), MDA alone(Z=6.449,P<0.001), SOD alone(Z=5.773,P<0.001), or GSH-Px alone(Z=5.056,P<0.001), indicating superior diagnostic accuracy of the multimarker panel(P<0.05). CONCLUSION: Serum levels of Sirt1, 3, and 6 are generally reduced in ARC patients and are closely associated with oxidative stress imbalance. Specifically, decreased serum levels of Sirt1 and Sirt6, along with oxidative stress markers(elevated MDA and reduced SOD and GSH-Px)are identified as risk factors for ARC. Moreover, the combined detection of these indicators presents high diagnostic value for ARC.

Polycystic ovary syndrome(PCOS)is clinically characterized by insulin resistance,ovulatory dysfunction and hyperandrogenemia,often accompanied by obesity,type 2 diabetes,and dyslipidemia.This article reviews the recent studies on the intervention of PCOS with herbal medicines,including traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)compound formulas and single active compounds.The results demonstrate that both TCM compound formulas and single active compounds are effective on improving PCOS symptoms,with the advantages of multi-target actions and personalized treatment.TCM compound formulas for PCOS can be categorized into kidney-tonifying formulas(e.g.,Antai Fanglou Decoction,Gui Zhu Yikun Formula,Liuwei Dihuang Pills,Bushen Huayu Formula),phlegm-resolving formulas(e.g.,Cang Fu Daotan Decoction,Erchen Decoction),liver-soothing formulas(e.g.,Xiaoyao San,Shaoyao Gancao Decoction),and blood-activating formulas(e.g.,Jiawei Shaoyao Gancao Decoction,Gexia Zhuyu Decoction,Huayu Xiaozheng Decoction).These compound formulas separately exhibit actions of tonifying kidney essence,soothing liver and relieving depression,and activating blood circulation to resolve stasis,which are aligned with the TCM etiology and pathogenesis of PCOS.Single active compounds from herbal medicine primarily include flavonoids,alkaloids,terpenoids and polyphenols.Extractives from herbal medicines exert therapeutic effects by inhibiting ovarian inflammatory responses and relieveing hyperandrogenemia insulin resistance.Key signaling pathways for the intervention of PCOS with TCM include PI3K/AKT/mTOR,SIRT1/AMPK,TLR4/NF-κB,IRS1/PI3K/GLUT4,RIP1/RIP3/MLKL,HMGB1/RAGE,and Hippo-YAP.The review of recent advances in TCM formulas and single active compounds for the treatment of PCOS along with their underlying mechanisms will provide valuable insights for clinical management and new drug development for PCOS.

AIM: To investigate the effect of corneal topography-guided phacoemulsification with transparent corneal incision on cataract patients.METHODS:A total of 92 cataract patients(92 eyes)admitted to our hospital from February 2021 to February 2023 were prospectively selected and randomly divided into two groups: the control group(46 eyes)received the conventional 11:00 clear corneal incision scheme, and the study group(46 eyes)received the steepest meridian clear corneal incision scheme. The uncorrected visual acuity, corneal surface morphology indicators, including surface regularity index(SRI), surface asymmetry index(SAI), and cylinder(CYL), subjective dry eye symptoms questionnaire scoring scale(SDES), tear film break-up time(BUT), and complications were compared between the two groups.RESULTS:All patients completed the follow-up. The uncorrected visual acuity of the study group was significantly better than that of the control group at 1 wk, 1 and 3 mo after surgery(all P<0.05); there were statistical significance in the SAI and CYL of both groups of patients at 3 mo after surgery(all P<0.05); the fluctuation levels of SDES and BUT in the study group were significantly lower than those in the control group at different time points after surgery(all P<0.05); and there was no statistical difference in complications between the two groups(P>0.05).CONCLUSION:Under the guidance of corneal topography, phacoemulsification through the transparent corneal incision of the steepest meridian of the cornea can improve the uncorrected visual acuity of cataract patients, restore the corneal surface morphology, and have few complications.

AIM: To investigate the effect of corneal topography-guided phacoemulsification with transparent corneal incision on cataract patients.METHODS:A total of 92 cataract patients(92 eyes)admitted to our hospital from February 2021 to February 2023 were prospectively selected and randomly divided into two groups: the control group(46 eyes)received the conventional 11:00 clear corneal incision scheme, and the study group(46 eyes)received the steepest meridian clear corneal incision scheme. The uncorrected visual acuity, corneal surface morphology indicators, including surface regularity index(SRI), surface asymmetry index(SAI), and cylinder(CYL), subjective dry eye symptoms questionnaire scoring scale(SDES), tear film break-up time(BUT), and complications were compared between the two groups.RESULTS:All patients completed the follow-up. The uncorrected visual acuity of the study group was significantly better than that of the control group at 1 wk, 1 and 3 mo after surgery(all P<0.05); there were statistical significance in the SAI and CYL of both groups of patients at 3 mo after surgery(all P<0.05); the fluctuation levels of SDES and BUT in the study group were significantly lower than those in the control group at different time points after surgery(all P<0.05); and there was no statistical difference in complications between the two groups(P>0.05).CONCLUSION:Under the guidance of corneal topography, phacoemulsification through the transparent corneal incision of the steepest meridian of the cornea can improve the uncorrected visual acuity of cataract patients, restore the corneal surface morphology, and have few complications.

Objective : To explore the mechanism of isorhamnetin (Iso) in the treatment of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) using network pharmacology and molecular docking methods and to verify it in vitro. Methods : The key targets were obtained by constructing the PPI protein interaction network based on the common intersection targets of Iso-OSCC. At the same time, gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG) were used to analyze the related signaling pathways of the intersection targets. Iso and core targets were also analyzed through molecular docking and visualization. Colony formation assay and Transwell assay were used to identify the effect of Iso on the proliferation and invasion of Cal-27 cells. Western blot was used to analyze the regulatory effects of different concentrations of Iso on estrogen receptor-1 (ESR1), phosphoinositide-3-kinase regulatory subunit-1 (PIK3R1), Src tyrosine kinase (SRC), and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (AKT) signaling pathway proteins. Results: A total of 269 potential intersection targets of Iso-regulated OSCC were obtained. According to the degree obtained by topological analysis, PIK3R1, AKT1, SRC, ESR1, and other core targets were screened out. KEGG analysis showed that 165 signaling pathways were enriched in the intersection targets of Iso-OSCC, among which the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway played an important role in the treatment of OSCC with Iso. Molecular docking results showed that the absolute value of binding energy between target proteins PIK3R1, AKT1, SRC, ESR1, and Iso was high. After Cal-27 cells were treated with Iso, the number of cell colony formations, the number of transmembrane cells, and the expression of PIK3R1, ESR1, SRC, p-PI3K, and p-AKT were negatively correlated with the increase in Iso concentration (P < 0.05). Conclusion Iso can inhibit PI3K/AKT signal transduction and influence the expression of PIK3R1, AKT1, SRC, and ESR1 proteins, thereby inhibiting the occurrence and development of OSCC.

Apical microsurgery is accurate and minimally invasive, produces few complications, and has a success rate of more than 90%. However, due to the lack of awareness and understanding of apical microsurgery by dental general practitioners and even endodontists, many clinical problems remain to be overcome. The consensus has gathered well-known domestic experts to hold a series of special discussions and reached the consensus. This document specifies the indications, contraindications, preoperative preparations, operational procedures, complication prevention measures, and efficacy evaluation of apical microsurgery and is applicable to dentists who perform apical microsurgery after systematic training.
Microsurgery/standards* ; Humans ; Apicoectomy ; Contraindications, Procedure ; Tooth Apex/diagnostic imaging* ; Postoperative Complications/prevention & control* ; Consensus ; Treatment Outcome

BackgroundSeveral studies have confirmed that there is a relationship among parenting rearing behaviors， adolescent depression and rumination， moreover， rumination has been found to mediate the relationship between overall parenting rearing behaviors and adolescent depression， while little is known about the mediating role of rumination in the relationship between each dimension of parenting rearing behaviors and adolescent depression. ObjectiveTo explore the mediating role of rumination in the relationship between each dimension of parenting rearing behaviors and adolescent depression， so as to provide reference for the prevention of adolescent depression. MethodsIn March and April 2022， a stratified random sampling technique was utilized to select 302 students in grades 7 to 12 at a middle school in Ningxian county， Gansu Province as the research subjects. The Beck Depression Inventory-II of Chinese Version （BDI-II-C）， short-form Egna Minnen av Barndoms Uppfostran （S-EMBU） and Ruminative Response Scale （RRS） were administered to all subjects. Pearson correlation coefficients were calculated. Amos 24.0 was used to check the presence of mediation effect. ResultsA total of 302 （94.08%） completed valid questionnaires. Correlation analysis indicated that the scores of both father's and mother's emotional warmth dimension in the S-EMBU were negatively correlated with the BDI-II-C scores （r=-0.424， -0.297， P<0.01）， RRS total score （r=-0.347~-0.175， P<0.01） and RRS each factor score （r=-0.179~-0.285， P<0.01）； the scores of both father's and mother's rejection dimension in the S-EMBU were positively correlated with the BDI-II-C scores （r=0.355， 0.248， P<0.01）， RRS total score （r=0.262~0.358， P<0.01） and RRS each factor score （r=0.274~0.339， P<0.01）； the scores of both father's and mother's overprotection dimension in the S-EMBU were positively correlated with the BDI-II-C scores （r=0.286， 0.245， P<0.01）， RRS total score （r=0.175~0.333， P<0.01） and RRS each factor score （r=0.150~0.255， P<0.01）. Rumination might mediated the relationship of father's emotional warmth， father's overprotection， mother's overprotection， and mother's rejection with adolescent depression， the effect value were -0.110， 0.221， -0.121， 0.136， and the effect size were 36.07%， 100.00%， 100.00%， 100.00%. ConclusionRumination may play a mediation role in the relationship of father's emotional warmth， father's overprotection， mother's overprotection， and mother's rejection with adolescent depression. ［Funded by Shaanxi Provincial Key Research and Development Program （number， 2024SF-YBXM-078）； Reaearch and Development Fund of the First Affliated Hoapital of Xi'an JiaoTong University （number， 2022HL-23）］