Since the 1980 s, AIDS has been a significant global public health threat. With the "95-95-95" targets for HIV/AIDS prevention and control, the HIV/AIDS "prevention, testing, and treatment" care cascade covering the entire process has become a core strategy. The present study examines combs the connotation and development of the HIV/AIDS care cascade, exploring application throughout the entire process and at each linkage. It analyzes extension value in key populations and HIV co-infected other infectious diseases, identifies obstacles in practice, and proposes strategies to help optimize, innovate, and precisely target HIV/AIDS prevention and control in China.

Objective To identify potential biomarkers for proliferative diabetic retinopathy(PDR)using proteomics and transcriptomics data.Methods In this study,the proteomics dataset(PXD046630)and two transcriptomics datasets(GSE60436 and GSE102485)were derived from the aqueous humor samples and fibrovascular membranes of PDR patients,respectively.Differentially expressed genes(DEGs)were identified via R software,specifically the limma and edgeR pack-ages.The shared DEGs between PXD046630 and GSE60436 were analyzed via protein-protein interaction(PPI),Gene On-tology(GO)enrichment,and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG)pathway enrichment analyses.The key DEGs were validated in GSE102485 via receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve analysis.A quantitative polymerase chain reaction(qPCR)assay was used to confirm the mRNA of these candidate biomarkers in human retinal microvascular endothelial cells(HRMECs)cultured in high glucose and low oxygen conditions.Results A total of 59 shared DEGs and 26 hub genes were identified from the PXD046630 and GSE60436 datasets.KEGG analysis revealed that six pathways,inclu-ding extracellular matrix-receptor interaction,proteoglycans in cancer,and complement and coagulation cascades,were enriched in 12 key DEGs.Fibronectin 1(FN1),tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 3(TIMP3),complement factor H(CFH),decorin(DCN),and lipoprotein receptor-related protein-2(LRP2)were identified as potential biomarkers on the basis of their AUC values being greater than 0.900(CI≥95％).The mRNA expression levels of FN1,CFH,and LRP2 were significantly increased in HRMECs cultured in high glucose and low oxygen conditions.Conclusion FN1,CFH,and LRP2 are potential biomarkers for PDR,and further studies are needed to explore their roles and therapeutic potential in PDR.

Objective To explore the correlation between central venous oxygen saturation(ScvO2),blood lactate(Lac),arterial oxygen saturation(SaO2)and mechanical ventilation time in infants with congenital heart disease(CHD).Methods Eighty-four CHD children treated in the First People's Hospital of Zunyi were enrolled between January 2020 and December 2024.According to postoperative mechanical ventilation time,they were divided into prolongation group(28 cases,mechanical ventilation time≥72 h)and non-prolongation group(56 cases,mechanical ventilation time<72 h).The clinical data,score of risk adjustment for congenital heart surgery(RACHS-1),levels of ScvO2,and Lac and SaO2 in the two groups were compared.The risk factors of postoperative mechanical ventilation time were analyzed by multivariate logistic regression analysis,and predictive value of ScvO2,Lac and SaO2 for prolonged mechanical ventilation time was analyzed by ROC curves.The clinical outcomes in the two groups were recorded.Results There were significant differences in age,preoperative pneumonia,RACHS-1 grading,and levels of ScvO2,Lac and SaO2 among children with different mechanical ventilation time(P<0.05).Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that ScvO2,Lac and SaO2 were independent influencing factors of postoperative mechanical ventilation time(P<0.05).ROC curves analysis showed that area under the curve(AUC)values of ScvO2,Lac,SaO2 and combined detection for predicting prolonged postoperative mechanical ventilation were 0.846,0.863,0.839 and 0.917,and the best cut-off values were 67.64％,1.51mmol/L and 96.06％,respec-tively(P<0.05).The failure rate of weaning in the prolongation group was higher,and stay time in PICU and actual length of hospital stay were longer than those in non-prolongation group(P<0.05).Conclusion The levels of ScvO2,Lac and SaO2 are related to mechanical ventilation time in CHD infants.They are all independent risk factors affecting prolonged mechanical ventilation and can be applied as auxiliary detection indexes to predict the prolonga-tion of mechanical ventilation in clinical practice.

ObjectiveTo investigate the potential targets and mechanisms of Draconis Sanguis (DS), a valuable traditional Chinese medicine derived from the resin of the palm tree Daemonorops draco Bl (D. Sanguis, Xue Jie), in the treatment of myocardial infarction (MI).MethodsWe explored the potential mechanisms of DS in the treatment of MI using network pharmacology, bioinformatic techniques, and transcriptomic analysis, followed by validation through in vivo and in vitro experiments.ResultsNetwork pharmacology and bioinformatic analyses identified five genes (Fpr1, Glul, Mme, Mmp9, and Pla2g7) as potential targets for MI treatment. Moreover, DS significantly ameliorated cardiac function, inflammatory responses, and MI-induced myocardial fibrosis in vivo. Transcriptomic and bioinformatic analyses identified Pla2g7 as the most critical target in the DS treatment of MI. Molecular docking revealed that the key active ingredient in DS has a strong affinity for this gene. Furthermore, DS reduced the expression of Pla2g7 (P = .0009), NLRP3 (P = .003), interleukin-18 (P .001), and interleukin-1β (P = .004) mRNAs in vivo.ConclusionsThe results indicate that DS can downregulate the expression of Pla2g7 and reduce the inflammatory response. This demonstrates the potential therapeutic target of DS and the mechanism underlying its cardioprotective effects.

Since the 1980 s, AIDS has been a significant global public health threat. With the "95-95-95" targets for HIV/AIDS prevention and control, the HIV/AIDS "prevention, testing, and treatment" care cascade covering the entire process has become a core strategy. The present study examines combs the connotation and development of the HIV/AIDS care cascade, exploring application throughout the entire process and at each linkage. It analyzes extension value in key populations and HIV co-infected other infectious diseases, identifies obstacles in practice, and proposes strategies to help optimize, innovate, and precisely target HIV/AIDS prevention and control in China.

Objective To identify potential biomarkers for proliferative diabetic retinopathy(PDR)using proteomics and transcriptomics data.Methods In this study,the proteomics dataset(PXD046630)and two transcriptomics datasets(GSE60436 and GSE102485)were derived from the aqueous humor samples and fibrovascular membranes of PDR patients,respectively.Differentially expressed genes(DEGs)were identified via R software,specifically the limma and edgeR pack-ages.The shared DEGs between PXD046630 and GSE60436 were analyzed via protein-protein interaction(PPI),Gene On-tology(GO)enrichment,and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG)pathway enrichment analyses.The key DEGs were validated in GSE102485 via receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve analysis.A quantitative polymerase chain reaction(qPCR)assay was used to confirm the mRNA of these candidate biomarkers in human retinal microvascular endothelial cells(HRMECs)cultured in high glucose and low oxygen conditions.Results A total of 59 shared DEGs and 26 hub genes were identified from the PXD046630 and GSE60436 datasets.KEGG analysis revealed that six pathways,inclu-ding extracellular matrix-receptor interaction,proteoglycans in cancer,and complement and coagulation cascades,were enriched in 12 key DEGs.Fibronectin 1(FN1),tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 3(TIMP3),complement factor H(CFH),decorin(DCN),and lipoprotein receptor-related protein-2(LRP2)were identified as potential biomarkers on the basis of their AUC values being greater than 0.900(CI≥95％).The mRNA expression levels of FN1,CFH,and LRP2 were significantly increased in HRMECs cultured in high glucose and low oxygen conditions.Conclusion FN1,CFH,and LRP2 are potential biomarkers for PDR,and further studies are needed to explore their roles and therapeutic potential in PDR.

OBJECTIVE To explore the distribution of pathogens isolated from the cardiac surgery children with postoperative catheter-related bloodstream infection(CRBSI)and observe the transforming growth factor β1(TGF-β1)gene polymorphisms and the change of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein(hs-CRP),Smad homologue 2 and Smad 3 levels.METHODS A total of 88 children who received peripherally inserted central catheter(PICC)puncture after cardiac surgery and were complicated with postoperative CRBSI in the First People's Hospital of Zunyi from Aug.2019 to Oct.2023 were assigned as the infection group.Meanwhile,110 children who were trea-ted with PICC and did not have postoperative CRBSI were randomly chosen as the non-infection group.The base-line data,TGF-β1 gene polymorphisms and the levels of hs-CRP,Smad 2 and Smad 3 were compared between the two groups.The distribution of the pathogens isolated from the infection group was observed.The values of hs-CRP,Smad 2 and Smad 3 in diagnosis of the postoperative CRBSI in the cardiac surgery children were analyzed by receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curves.RESULTS The proportions of patients with intravenous cathe-ter indwelling no less than 10 days,length of intensive care unit(ICU)stay no less than 5 days,the frequencies of CC genotypes and C allele at TGF-β1+869C/T locus were higher in the infection group than those in the non-infection group(P＜0.05).Acinetobacter baumannii was the predominant species of pathogen isolated from the infection group,accounting for 24.20％.The levels of serum hs-CRP,Smad 2 and Smad 3 of the infection group were(24.65±7.65)mg/L,(13.54±2.45)pg/ml and(13.65±2.65)pg/ml,respectively,higher than those of the non-infection group(all P＜0.001).The area under the curve(AUC)of the joint detection of hs-CRP,Smad 2 and Smad 3 was highest in diagnosis of the postoperative CRBSI in the cardiac surgery children(P＜0.05).CONCLUSIONS A.baumannii is dominant among the pathogens isolated from the cardiac surgery children with postoperative CRBSI.The postoperative CRBSI may be associated with the intravenous catheter in-dwelling time and length of ICU stay.The C allele at TGF-β1+869C/T locus may be the susceptibility gene for the postoperative CRBSI.The joint detection of hs-CRP,Smad 2 and Smad 3 has the highest value in diagnosis of the postoperative CRBSI.

Objective To explore the correlation between central venous oxygen saturation(ScvO2),blood lactate(Lac),arterial oxygen saturation(SaO2)and mechanical ventilation time in infants with congenital heart disease(CHD).Methods Eighty-four CHD children treated in the First People's Hospital of Zunyi were enrolled between January 2020 and December 2024.According to postoperative mechanical ventilation time,they were divided into prolongation group(28 cases,mechanical ventilation time≥72 h)and non-prolongation group(56 cases,mechanical ventilation time<72 h).The clinical data,score of risk adjustment for congenital heart surgery(RACHS-1),levels of ScvO2,and Lac and SaO2 in the two groups were compared.The risk factors of postoperative mechanical ventilation time were analyzed by multivariate logistic regression analysis,and predictive value of ScvO2,Lac and SaO2 for prolonged mechanical ventilation time was analyzed by ROC curves.The clinical outcomes in the two groups were recorded.Results There were significant differences in age,preoperative pneumonia,RACHS-1 grading,and levels of ScvO2,Lac and SaO2 among children with different mechanical ventilation time(P<0.05).Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that ScvO2,Lac and SaO2 were independent influencing factors of postoperative mechanical ventilation time(P<0.05).ROC curves analysis showed that area under the curve(AUC)values of ScvO2,Lac,SaO2 and combined detection for predicting prolonged postoperative mechanical ventilation were 0.846,0.863,0.839 and 0.917,and the best cut-off values were 67.64％,1.51mmol/L and 96.06％,respec-tively(P<0.05).The failure rate of weaning in the prolongation group was higher,and stay time in PICU and actual length of hospital stay were longer than those in non-prolongation group(P<0.05).Conclusion The levels of ScvO2,Lac and SaO2 are related to mechanical ventilation time in CHD infants.They are all independent risk factors affecting prolonged mechanical ventilation and can be applied as auxiliary detection indexes to predict the prolonga-tion of mechanical ventilation in clinical practice.

OBJECTIVE To explore the distribution of pathogens isolated from the cardiac surgery children with postoperative catheter-related bloodstream infection(CRBSI)and observe the transforming growth factor β1(TGF-β1)gene polymorphisms and the change of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein(hs-CRP),Smad homologue 2 and Smad 3 levels.METHODS A total of 88 children who received peripherally inserted central catheter(PICC)puncture after cardiac surgery and were complicated with postoperative CRBSI in the First People's Hospital of Zunyi from Aug.2019 to Oct.2023 were assigned as the infection group.Meanwhile,110 children who were trea-ted with PICC and did not have postoperative CRBSI were randomly chosen as the non-infection group.The base-line data,TGF-β1 gene polymorphisms and the levels of hs-CRP,Smad 2 and Smad 3 were compared between the two groups.The distribution of the pathogens isolated from the infection group was observed.The values of hs-CRP,Smad 2 and Smad 3 in diagnosis of the postoperative CRBSI in the cardiac surgery children were analyzed by receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curves.RESULTS The proportions of patients with intravenous cathe-ter indwelling no less than 10 days,length of intensive care unit(ICU)stay no less than 5 days,the frequencies of CC genotypes and C allele at TGF-β1+869C/T locus were higher in the infection group than those in the non-infection group(P＜0.05).Acinetobacter baumannii was the predominant species of pathogen isolated from the infection group,accounting for 24.20％.The levels of serum hs-CRP,Smad 2 and Smad 3 of the infection group were(24.65±7.65)mg/L,(13.54±2.45)pg/ml and(13.65±2.65)pg/ml,respectively,higher than those of the non-infection group(all P＜0.001).The area under the curve(AUC)of the joint detection of hs-CRP,Smad 2 and Smad 3 was highest in diagnosis of the postoperative CRBSI in the cardiac surgery children(P＜0.05).CONCLUSIONS A.baumannii is dominant among the pathogens isolated from the cardiac surgery children with postoperative CRBSI.The postoperative CRBSI may be associated with the intravenous catheter in-dwelling time and length of ICU stay.The C allele at TGF-β1+869C/T locus may be the susceptibility gene for the postoperative CRBSI.The joint detection of hs-CRP,Smad 2 and Smad 3 has the highest value in diagnosis of the postoperative CRBSI.

Objective:To examine the burden and trends of acute viral hepatitis in Guangdong Province from 1990 to 2019, and provide reference evidences for hepatitis prevention and control in the province.Methods:Data on acute viral hepatitis (hepatitis A, B, C, and E) in Guangdong from 1990 to 2019 were extracted from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019 database. The incidence, prevalence, mortality, and disability-adjusted life years (DALY) data were analyzed by age and gender, and the estimated annual percentage change (EAPC) was calculated to describe the changing trends in disease burden.Results:From 1999 to 2019, the standardized incidence, prevalence, mortality, and DALY of acute viral hepatitis in Guangdong were higher than the national averages. In 2019, 51.43% (2 245 087/4 365 221) of acute viral hepatitis cases in Guangdong Province were mainly attributed to hepatitis B, and 77.18% (106/138) of deaths were due to acute hepatitis B. In different age groups, except for acute hepatitis B, which was more common in adults, the incidence rates of other types of viral hepatitis such as hepatitis A, B, and E showed an overall decreasing trend with age. The mortality rates of different types of acute viral hepatitis, except for the <5 age group, increased with age. The overall incidence and mortality rates of acute viral hepatitis were higher in men than in women.Conclusions:The overall burden of acute viral hepatitis in Guangdong declined in 2019, but remained higher than the national level. Further efforts are needed to strengthen hepatitis prevention and screening in different population in Guangdong Province, especially in children and the elderly.