Objective: To explore the association between the HLA antibody positivity rate in female blood donors and pregnancy history, number of pregnancies, interval from the last pregnancy to blood donation, and age, to identify associated variables using a univariate generalized additive model (GAM), and to further analyze the predictive role of characteristic variables for HLA antibody positivity using a random forest model. Methods: HLA antibody detection was performed on 391 female blood donors using the Luminex immunomagnetic bead method. The correlation between pregnancy-related factors and HLA antibodies was analyzed using the Chi-square test. Based on R software, a univariate GAM was first constructed to analyze the association types between characteristic variables and the HLA antibody positivity rate, followed by the construction of a random forest model to evaluate the predictive value of the variables. Results: Among the 391 female blood donors without a transfusion history, the overall HLA antibody positivity rate was 26.34%. The positivity rate in donors with a pregnancy history was significantly higher than that in those without (30.09% vs 9.72%, P<0.05), and HLA antibody positivity rate increased linearly with the number of pregnancies (P<0.05). In the univariate GAM, age and number of deliveries exhibited a non-linear association with the HLA antibody positivity rate (the positivity rate increased sharply between 25-35 years of age and stabilized after 3 deliveries). Besides, the interval from the last pregnancy to blood donation showed a linear association with the HLA antibody positivity rate, and the positivity rate decreased as the interval prolonged (P<0.05). In the random forest model, age (mean decrease gini=29.26) and interval from the last pregnancy to blood donation (mean decrease gini=22.02) were core predictive variables: age was more conducive to identifying positive samples, while the interval from the last pregnancy to blood donation was more helpful for excluding negative samples. The number of deliveries (mean decrease accuracy=16.98) made a significant contribution to predicting positive samples, whereas the number of abortions had no impact. The model had an AUC of 0.583 (95% CI: 0.593 8-0.770 2), indicating a certain predictive value. Conclusion: The associated variables identified by the univariate GAM model, including age, interval from the last pregnancy to blood donation, and number of deliveries, provide a basis for key variables in the random forest model. All three variables have predictive value for HLA antibody positivity, which can provide evidence-based support for personalized transfusion management and stratified screening of female blood donors in this region.

Objective To investigate the prevalence of thyroid nodules in the physical examination population in Mianyang region and analyze its association with metabolic syndrome. Methods A retrospective study was conducted on 9 978 individuals who underwent health examinations at our hospital from January 2024 to May 2025. Thyroid examinations were performed using color Doppler ultrasound to analyze the prevalence of thyroid nodules in this population. Clinical data of all subjects were collected, and logistic regression analysis was employed to assess the association between metabolic syndrome and the risk of thyroid nodule development. Results The prevalence of thyroid nodules in the physical examination population of Mianyang region was 17.98% (1 794/9 978). The logistic regression results showed that after adjusting for gender, age, BMI, occupation, consumption of non-iodized salt, staying up late, daily sleep duration, anxiety, and depression, metabolic syndrome (OR=6.593, 95% CI: 3.961-10.975) was associated with thyroid nodules (P<0.05). Conclusion The prevalence of thyroid nodules among the physical examination population in the Mianyang area is 17.98%, and metabolic syndrome remains associated with the risk of thyroid nodules after effectively controlling for confounding factors.

In March 2024, three male and two female specimens of the genus Lispe were intercepted on cargo ships inbound for Wan Zai Port under Gongbei Customs. Based on morphological characteristics and molecular analysis, the specimens were identified as Lispe pumila. In this study, we describe the morphological features, diagnostic characteristics, and geographical distribution of L. pumila, with the aim of providing a reference for the identification of this species when intercepted at ports.

With the rapid development of social economy and the continuous improvement of human living standard, the incidence, fatality and recurrence rates of cardiovascular disease (CVD) are increasing year by year, which seriously affects people's life and health. Conventional therapeutic drugs have limited improvement on the disability rate, so the search for new therapeutic drugs and action targets has become one of the hotspots of current research. In recent years, the therapeutic role of the natural compound rosmarinic acid (RA) in CVD has attracted much attention, which is capable of preventing CVD by modulating multiple signalling pathways and exerting physiological activities such as antioxidant, anti-apoptotic, anti-inflammatory, anti-platelet aggregation, as well as anti-coagulation and endothelial function protection. In this paper, the role of RA in the prevention of CVD is systematically sorted out, and its mechanism of action is summarised and analysed, with a view to providing a scientific basis and important support for the in-depth exploration of the prevention value of RA in CVD and its further development as a prevention drug.

ObjectiveThis study leverages structural data from antigen-antibody complexes of the influenza A virus neuraminidase (NA) protein to investigate the spatial recognition relationship between the antigenic epitopes and antibody paratopes. MethodsStructural data on NA protein antigen-antibody complexes were comprehensively collected from the SAbDab database, and processed to obtain the amino acid sequences and spatial distribution information on antigenic epitopes and corresponding antibody paratopes. Statistical analysis was conducted on the antibody sequences, frequency of use of genes, amino acid preferences, and the lengths of complementarity determining regions (CDR). Epitope hotspots for antibody binding were analyzed, and the spatial structural similarity of antibody paratopes was calculated and subjected to clustering, which allowed for a comprehensively exploration of the spatial recognition relationship between antigenic epitopes and antibodies. The specificity of antibodies targeting different antigenic epitope clusters was further validated through bio-layer interferometry (BLI) experiments. ResultsThe collected data revealed that the antigen-antibody complex structure data of influenza A virus NA protein in SAbDab database were mainly from H3N2, H7N9 and H1N1 subtypes. The hotspot regions of antigen epitopes were primarily located around the catalytic active site. The antibodies used for structural analysis were primarily derived from human and murine sources. Among murine antibodies, the most frequently used V-J gene combination was IGHV1-12*01/IGHJ2*01, while for human antibodies, the most common combination was IGHV1-69*01/IGHJ6*01. There were significant differences in the lengths and usage preferences of heavy chain CDR amino acids between antibodies that bind within the catalytic active site and those that bind to regions outside the catalytic active site. The results revealed that structurally similar antibodies could recognize the same epitopes, indicating a specific spatial recognition between antibody and antigen epitopes. Structural overlap in the binding regions was observed for antibodies with similar paratope structures, and the competitive binding of these antibodies to the epitope was confirmed through BLI experiments. ConclusionThe antigen epitopes of NA protein mainly ditributed around the catalytic active site and its surrounding loops. Spatial complementarity and electrostatic interactions play crucial roles in the recognition and binding of antibodies to antigenic epitopes in the catalytic region. There existed a spatial recognition relationship between antigens and antibodies that was independent of the uniqueness of antibody sequences, which means that antibodies with different sequences could potentially form similar local spatial structures and recognize the same epitopes.

Objective To analyze the temporal trend of thyroid cancer incidence in China from 1992 to 2021 and evaluate the impact of age,period and cohort on the incidence.Methods Based on the Global Burden of Disease 2021,the trend changes of age-standardized incidence rate(ASIR)of thyroid cancer in China from the period were analyzed,and the obtained data were further analyzed with Joinpoint regression and age-period-cohort analysis.Auto regressive integrated moving average(ARIMA)model was applied to predict the incidence of thyroid cancer in China in the next 20 years.Results The ASIR of thyroid cancer among males was increased from 0.70/100 000 to 2.11/100 000 between 1992 and 2021,with an average annual percent change(AAPC)of 3.93%(95%CI:3.86%～4.00%,P<0.001);For the females,the ASIR was elevated from 1.91/100 000 to 2.87/100 000 in the time,with an AAPC of 1.43%(95%CI:1.36%～1.50%,P<0.001).On the age effect,the overall variation in ASIR among the females was minor,and that in the males reached its peak in the≥85-years-old group,with a rate of 230.51/100 000.Regarding the period effect,the risk of thyroid cancer incidence in the males and females changed with the period and exhibited a temporal increase,and the incidence risk was consistently higher in the males than the females across different periods.Taking the incidence risk during 1992 and 1996 as a reference(RR=1),the males(RR=2.94,95%CI:2.78～3.11)and the females(RR=1.37,95%CI:1.32～1.42)had the highest risk of thyroid cancer in the period from 2017 to 2021.On the cohort effect,the risk of thyroid cancer in both sexes showed an increasing trend with cohort change.When taking the cohort during 1992 and 1996 as a reference(RR=1),the females in the pre-1986 cohort exhibited a higher risk of incidence than the males,but in the post-1996 cohort,the males demonstrated a greater risk of incidence than the females.The males in the 2012-2016 cohort had the highest risk of thyroid cancer when compared to the reference group(RR=2.54,95%CI:1.80～3.57),and the females in the cohort from 1992 to 2016 had higher risk of thyroid cancer than the reference group,though no statistical differences were observed.The ARIMA model prediction analysis found that the ASIR of thyroid cancer in males and females in China would continue to increase from 2022 to 2041,and the ASIR of thyroid cancer in males would reach 2.79/100 000(95%CI:1.96～3.61),and the ASIR of thyroid cancer in females would reach 3.54/100 000(95%CI:3.02～4.06)by 2041.Conclusion Between 1992 and 2021,the ASIR of thyroid cancer in China has exhibited a consistent upward trend,with the females having a higher ASIR than the males.However,the risk of developing thyroid cancer is higher in men who are older and those who were born more recently.In the next 20 years,the incidence of thyroid cancer among both men and women in China is projected to continue to rise,and the situation for prevention and control will be challenging.

OBJECTIVE To analyze the outcomes of hearing screening and rescreening among preschool children in two districts and eight counties of Xinyang City,to explore the major etiological patterns,and to evaluate parental awareness of childhood hearing health,thereby providing evidence for regional preschool hearing health management.METHODS A total of 4 020 preschool children aged 3.0-6.5 years who underwent hearing screening in Xinyang between January 2023 and January 2025 were included.The initial screening employed transient evoked otoacoustic emissions(TEOAE)and tympanometry.Children who failed the initial screening were rescreened one month later under standardized conditions using tympanometry and distortion product otoacoustic emissions(DPOAE).Those who still failed underwent further auditory evaluations,including auditory steady-state response(ASSR),auditory brainstem response(ABR),and imaging examinations.Prior to rescreening,parents or guardians completed a structured questionnaire on hearing health knowledge and perceptions of their child's auditory behaviors.RESULTS The initial screening failure rate was 12.1%(121/1 002)in the counties and 6.1%(184/3018)in the districts,with a significant difference between the two groups(χ2=37.51,P<0.001).The age of children who failed the initial screening was(5.74±0.90)years in the counties and(4.99±0.93)years in the districts,also significantly different(t=7.03,P<0.001).Overall,305 children failed the initial screening(7.6%,305/4 020).At rescreening,127 cases(41.6%,127/305)remained abnormal;118 of them completed further testing and were diagnosed with otitis media with effusion(OME)in 111 cases(94.1%,some with concurrent sinusitis or adenoid/tonsillar hypertrophy),sensorineural hearing loss in 5 cases(4.2%),and cholesteatoma in 2 cases(1.7%).Parental survey results showed that 92.1%were unaware of ototoxic drugs,38.1%of parents of affected children failed to recognize their child's hearing problems,while 21.3%of parents of normal-hearing children misjudged their child as having poor auditory responses.CONCLUSION OME was the most common cause of hearing abnormalities in preschool children in Xinyang.Higher failure rates in county-level areas highlight the need to strengthen regional preschool hearing screening systems.Parental awareness of childhood hearing health was insufficient,underscoring the importance of targeted health education to improve early recognition and timely intervention,thereby supporting optimal language,learning,and social development in preschool children.

Under the background of forensic medicine becoming a first-level discipline,the opportuni-ties and challenges of discipline development coexist.Starting from the actual situation and characteris-tics of local medical colleges and universities,this paper discusses the problems and solutions for the development of forensic medicine discipline from the perspective of building a regional high-level medical university.Combined with the experiences of carrying out forensic medicine education in our college,this paper supplies our thoughts and practices on improving the discipline system,enhancing the ability to serve society,perfecting the talent cultivation model and promoting forensic culture,to provide reference and inspiration for the development of forensic medicine in other universities,jointly promote the advancement of forensic medicine in China to a new stage,and contribute the wisdom and strength of forensic medical experts to the construction of a law-based China,a safe China and a healthy China.

Objective To preliminarily analyze the genotypic and phenotypic characteristics of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase(G6PD)in blood donors and recipients in Dongguan region,as well as the impact of these characteristics on the efficacy of blood transfusion therapy.Methods A total of 351 pairs of blood sam-ples from donors and recipients were collected from the Tenth Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical Uni-versity/Dongguan People's Hospital between May and November in 2023.These samples were tested for G6PD genotype,G6PD enzyme activity,erythrocyte osmotic fragility,and blood routine parameters.Addition-ally,hemoglobin levels before and after blood transfusion were collected from recipients for statistical analy-sis.Results The carrier rates of G6PD mutant genes among donors and recipients in Dongguan region were 6.84％and 5.83％,respectively.Six mutation sites were identified,with c.1388G＞A,c.1376G＞T,and c.95A＞G accounting for 84.09％of all mutations.A negative correlation was observed between G6PD activi-ty and blood storage duration in wild-type donors.The G6PD activity significantly decreased when blood from healthy donors was transfused into recipients through standard procedures.Recipients carrying c.1388G＞A,c.1376G＞T,c.95A＞G,c.871G＞A,c.1024C＞T mutation sites showed no statistically significant difference in hemoglobin increment after receiving blood from donors carrying c.1388G＞A,c.1376G＞T,c.95A＞G,c.871G＞A,c.1376G＞T/c.1360C＞T,or c.1388G＞A/c.95A＞G mutation sites.In the internal medicine re-strictive transfusion group,recipients who received blood with enzyme activity≥1300 U/L demonstrated a significantly greater increase in hemoglobin levels compared to those transfused with blood with enzyme activ-ity＜1 300 U/L(P=0.042).Conclusion The carrier rates of G6PD mutant genes among donors and recipi-ents in Dongguan region are both above 5.00％,indicating a relatively high carriage rate.The three primary mutation sites,c.1388G＞A,c.1376G＞T,and c.95A＞G,account for over 80.00％of all mutations.No ad-verse effects on treatment efficacy are observed in recipients carrying G6PD mutant genes after receiving blood from donors with G6PD mutant genes.However,in restrictive transfusion practices within internal medicine,recipients receiving blood with low G6PD enzyme activity demonstrate a reduced hemoglobin increase per unit compared to those receiving blood with normal G6PD enzyme activity.

Background and aims:Primary sclerosing cholangitis(PSC)is an autoimmune liver disease characterized by complex pathogenesis and limited available therapeutic options.The mechanisms underlying the development and progression of PSCs remain unclear.Liver X receptor beta(LXR-β)is recognized to modulate lipid metabolism and immune response,but its specific involvement in the PSC has not been elucidated.Here,we explored the role and mechanism of LXR-β in PSC induced by 3,5-diethoxycarbonyl-1,4-dihydro-2,4,6-collidine(DDC).Methods:CRISPR-Cas9 technology was applied to generate Abcb4(coding MDR2,next named as Mdr2),Nr1h2(coding LXR-β,next named as Lxrβ),and Rag2(coding RAG2)knockout mice.DDC was used to induce PSC.Hematoxylin and eosin and Sirius red staining were used to assess the extent of hepatic injury and fibrosis.Flow cytometry was used to observe immune cell subsets.Results:We observed a declining trend in hepatic Lxrβ in the PSC model.Unexpectedly,Lxrβ knockout failed to modulate DDC-induced PSC pathogenesis.Concomitantly,assessment of the influence of Rag2 deficiency on PSC progression revealed the absence of aggravated or alleviated hepatic injury or fibrosis in the Rag2-/-DDC mice.However,Lxrβ depletion intensified DDC-induced PSC in the Rag2-/-mice,with more abundant infiltrative inflammatory cells and more severe liver fibrosis.Compared with Rag2-/-DDC mice,Lxrβ-/-Rag2-/-DDC mice had higher serum ALT and AST levels and mRNA expression of proinflammatory and profibrotic genes.Flow cytometry showed that LXR-β deficiency resulted in a diminished population of hepatic innate immune cells.Conclusion:This study indicated innate immune cell LXR-β deficiency can exacerbate hepatic injury and fibrosis in murine models of PSC suggesting that LXR-β may regulate the function of innate immunity in the fibrotic advancement of PSC.