ObjectiveTo observe the effects of Xiaoyaosan on glucagon-like peptide-1 （GLP-1）/GLP-1 receptor （GLP-1r） and protein kinase A （PKA）/cAMP response element binding protein （CREB）/brain-derived neurotrophic factor （BDNF） signaling pathways in the hippocampal CA1 region of rats under chronic restraint stress （CRS），and to explore the mechanism of this formula to alleviate anxiety and depression-like behaviors. Methods40 specific pathogen-free male Sprague-Dawley （SD） rats were randomly divided into normal，model，Xiaoyaosan，and fluoxetine groups，with 10 rats in each group. CRS was used to induce anxiety and depression-like behaviors. The rats in the Xiaoyaosan group were gavaged with aqueous solution of traditional Chinese medicine formula granules （7.36 g·kg^-1·d^-1），while those in the fluoxetine group were gavaged with aqueous solution of fluoxetine （2 mg·kg^-1·d^-1）. Body weight was measured on days 0，7，14，and 21 of the experiment. On days 0 and 22 of the experiment，the sucrose preference test （SPT），forced swimming test （FST），and open field test （OFT） were performed. The pathological morphology of the hippocampal CA1 region was observed by Nissl staining. The relative mRNA expression of post-synaptic density protein-95 （PSD95） and synapsin （SYP） was detected by reverse transcription quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Immunohistochemistry and Western blot were used to detect expression of proteins in the GLP-1/GLP-1r and PKA/CREB/BDNF pathways in the hippocampal CA1 region. ResultsAfter CRS modeling，compared with the normal group，the rats of the model group had anxiety and depression-like behavioral manifestations，neuronal damage in the hippocampal CA1 region，significantly downregulated expression of synaptic plasticity markers PSD95 and SYP genes （P<0.01），and inhibition of GLP-1/GLP-1r and PKA/CREB/BDNF signaling pathways （P<0.05，P<0.01）. Compared with the model group，the Xiaoyaosan group exhibited alleviated anxiety and depression-like behaviors，reduced neuronal damage in the hippocampal CA1 region， significantly increased expression of PSD95 and SYP genes （P<0.01），and the activation of the GLP-1/GLP-1r and PKA/CREB/BDNF signaling pathways （P<0.05，P<0.01）. ConclusionXiaoyaosan can alleviate anxiety and depression-like behaviors in CRS rats by improving synaptic plasticity in the hippocampal CA1 region. The mechanisms may be related to the activation of the GLP-1/GLP-1r pathway and its mediated PKA/CREB/BDNF signaling pathway by the formula.

ObjectiveTo investigate the characteristics and potential mechanisms of Luotong Xianrong Yin （LTXRY） in improving lung injury in rats with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis （IPF） by regulating glycolysis. MethodsForty specific pathogen-free （SPF） Sprague-Dawley （SD） rats were randomly divided into a sham-operated group （10 mL·kg^-1）， model group （10 mL·kg^-1）， LTXRY group （15.18 g·kg^-1）， and nintedanib group （0.1 g·kg^-1）， with 10 rats in each group. The IPF rat model was established by intratracheal instillation of bleomycin. After 28 days of gavage intervention， pulmonary function was assessed. Lung pathological changes were observed by hematoxylin-eosin （HE） and Masson staining. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA） was used to determine the levels of inflammatory factors， including tumor necrosis factor-α （TNF-α）， interleukin （IL）-1β， and IL-6， in lung tissue. Chemiluminescence assays were employed to detect lactate content and lactate dehydrogenase activity in lung tissue. Western blot was used to measure the protein expression of transforming growth factor-β₁ （TGF-β₁）， CollagenⅠ and CollagenⅢ to evaluate collagen deposition， as well as hexokinase 2 （HK2）， pyruvate kinase M2 （PKM2）， and 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase/fructose-2，6-bisphosphatase 3 （PFKFB3） to assess glycolysis levels. Network pharmacology was applied to analyze the potential targets and signaling pathways of LTXRY in IPF， and molecular docking was conducted to evaluate the binding energy between active components and potential targets. Western blot was further used to detect the expression of target- and pathway-related proteins. ResultsCompared with the sham-operated group， rats in the model group showed significantly increased main airway resistance （Rn） and respiratory system resistance （Rrs）， and significantly decreased respiratory system compliance （Crs）. Inflammatory infiltration and collagen deposition were observed in lung tissue， with significantly increased levels of TNF-α， IL-1β， and IL-6， as well as elevated protein expression of TGF-β₁， CollagenⅠ and CollagenⅢ. Lactate content， lactate dehydrogenase activity， and the protein expression of HK2， PKM2， and PFKFB3 in lung tissue were significantly increased. Network pharmacology analysis indicated that signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 （STAT3） was a key target of LTXRY in IPF， and hypoxia-inducible factor-1 （HIF-1） was a critical signaling pathway. The expression levels of phosphorylated STAT3 （p-STAT3） and HIF-1α in lung tissue were significantly higher than those in the sham-operated group. Compared with the model group， rats in the LTXRY group showed significantly decreased Rn and Rrs and significantly increased Crs. Lung inflammatory infiltration and collagen deposition were markedly alleviated， with significantly reduced levels of TNF-α， IL-1β， and IL-6， and decreased protein expression of TGF-β₁， CollagenⅠ and CollagenⅢ. Lactate content， lactate dehydrogenase activity， and the protein expression of HK2， PKM2， and PFKFB3 were significantly decreased， accompanied by markedly reduced expression of p-STAT3 and HIF-1α. ConclusionLTXRY alleviates lung tissue injury in IPF rats by regulating glycolysis mediated by the STAT3/HIF-1α signaling pathway.

Background At present, the treatment of silicosis is still limited, and no method is available to cure the disease. miRNAs are involved in the process of fibrosis at the transcriptional level by directly degrading target gene mRNA or inhibiting its translation. However, how miR-130a-3p regulates silicosis fibrosis has not been fully elucidated yet. Objective To investigate whether miR-130a-3p promotes epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) by inhibiting peroxisome proliferators-activated receptors gamma (PPAR-γ), thereby pro-moting the process of silicotic fibrosis. To identify effective new targets for the treatment of silicotic fibrosis. Methods (1) Animal experiments: C57BL/6J mice were intratracheally injected with a one-time dose of 10 mg silica suspension (dissolved in 100 μL saline) as positive lung exposure. A silicosis model group was established 28 d after the exposure. A control group was injected with the same amount of normal saline into the trachea. Hematoxylin-eosin staining and Sirius red staining were used to observe the pathological changes and collagen deposition in lung tissues respectively. Realtime fluorescence-based quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) was used to assay the expression of miR-130a-3p and PPAR-γ mRNA in lung tissues. Western blotting was used to detect the protein expression of PPAR-γ, transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1, E-cadherin, α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), and Collagen Ⅰ in lung tissues. (2) Cells experiments: Mouse lung epithelial cells (MLE-12) were induced with 5 µg·L⁻¹ TGF-β1 for different time (0, 12, 24, 48 h). RT-qPCR was used to detect the expression of miR-130a-3p and PPAR-γ mRNA in cells. The binding relationship between miR-130a-3p and PPAR-γ mRNA was verified by dual luciferase reporter gene assay. MLE-12 cells were stimulated by 5 µg·L⁻¹ TGF-β1 after transfection of miR-130a-3p inhibitor, and Western blotting was used to measure the protein expression of PPAR-γ, E-cadherin, and α-SMA in the TGF-β1-induced cells. Results In the silicosis model group, the alveolar septum was widened and the pulmonary nodules were formed. The Sirius red staining collagen deposition in pulmonary nodules indicated that a silicosis fibrosis model was successfully established. The expressions of TGF-β1, α-SMA, and Collagen Ⅰ proteins were increased, and the expressions of E-cadherin and PPAR-γ proteins were decreased in lung tissues of the silicosis group, compared with the control group (P<0.05 or P<0.01). The expression of miR-130a-3p was increased and the expression of PPAR-γ mRNA was decreased in lung tissues of the silicosis model (P<0.01). The expression of miR-130a-3p was significantly increased, while the expression of PPAR-γ mRNA was decreased in the TGF-β1 induced MLE-12 cells (P<0.05 or P<0.01). The dual luciferase reporter assay showed a direct relationship between miR-130a-3p and PPAR-γ mRNA in MLE-12 cells. The transfection of miR-130a-3p inhibitor in the TGF-β1 induced MLE-12 cells inhibited the decrease of PPAR-γ and E-cadherin proteins, and the increase of α-SMA protein in the MLE-12 cells induced by TGF-β1 (P<0.05 or P<0.01). Conclusion miR-130a-3p promotes the development of silicosis fibrosis by targeting PPAR-γ to increase pulmonary EMT.

Aromatic Chinese medicinal essential oils are volatile oils extracted from aromatic Chinese herbs， which can prevent and treat respiratory infectious diseases through multiple synergistic mechanisms including pathogen inhibition， immune regulation， and inflammatory response regulation. Essential oils are primarily used externally on the body to prevent infections and alleviate symptoms through methods like inhalation， smearing， topical application， bathing， gargling or as a suppository. They can also be utilized in the environment for disinfection and air purification， through methods like diffusion， vaporization， or spraying. The external application of essential oils extracted from Chinese aromatic herbs has the advantages of convenience， quick absorption， and simultaneous influence on both the body and mind. However， there are still challenges and deficiencies in aspects such as the positioning of functions， indications， safety， and the research on the mechanism of action. It has been proposed to combine the theory of aromatic Chinese medicinals with the characteristics of essential oils， and formulate prescriptions of Chinese medicinal essential oils under the principles of traditional Chinese medicine syndrome differentiation， and prevent and treat respiratory infectious diseases efficiently， accurately， and safely， thereby expanding the clinical application of aromatic Chinese medicinals and the preventive theory of traditional Chinese medicine.

[Objective] To evaluate the clinical application value of intrauterine perfusion with platelet-rich plasma (PRP) combined with in vitro fertilization-frozen-thawed embryo transfer (IVF-FET) in patients with chronic endometritis (CE). [Methods] A randomized controlled trial (RCT) was conducted, enrolling 60 CE patients undergoing artificial cycle frozen embryo transfer at our hospital from January 2022 to January 2024. Participants were randomly divided into three groups: Group A (routine frozen embryo transfer, n=20), Group B (routine frozen embryo transfer + one PRP intrauterine perfusion, n=20), and Group C (routine frozen embryo transfer + two PRP intrauterine perfusions, n=20). Endometrial thickness during the transformation and transplantation phases, uterine artery pulsatility index (PI), resistance index (RI), systolic peak velocity/end-diastolic velocity (S/D) ratio during transplantation, serum levels of IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, and TNF-α during transplantation, as well as biochemical pregnancy rate, clinical pregnancy rate, live birth rate, and early miscarriage rate were compared across groups. [Results] No significant differences in endometrial thickness were observed among the three groups during the transformation phase (P>0.05). During the transplantation phase, endometrial thickness in Groups C and B was significantly higher than in Group A[9.54 (8.96-10.22) and 8.90 (8.34-9.72) vs 8.37 (7.89-8.75) mm, P<0.05], with Group C showing greater thickness than Group B (Z=3.733, P<0.05). Endometrial thickness in Groups C and B during transplantation was significantly increased compared to their respective transformation phases (Z=2.191, 2.462; P<0.05). Groups C and B exhibited lower PI, RI, and S/D values than Group A[PI:1.87 (1.77-1.97), 1.94 (1.88-2.15) vs 2.43 (2.35-2.49); RI:0.75 (0.73-0.77), 0.78 (0.75-0.81) vs 0.84 (0.83-0.86); S/D:2.61 (2.33-3.42), 3.01 (2.20-3.93) vs 3.72 (3.06-4.49); P<0.05]. Group C demonstrated lower PI and RI than Group B (P<0.05). IL-2 levels in Groups C and B were higher than in Group A[3.88 (2.71-5.01), 3.59 (2.73-4.38) vs 3.16 (2.11-3.25) ng/L, P<0.05], while IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, and TNF-α levels were significantly lower (IL-4: Z=1.428, 2.421; IL-6: Z=1.754, 2.435; IL-10: Z=1.754, 2.854; TNF-α: Z=1.961, 1.765; P<0.05). Group C had lower IL-6 levels than Group B (Z=3.976, P<0.05). Biochemical pregnancy rate, clinical pregnancy rate, and live birth rate in Group C were significantly higher than in Group A (75% vs 40%, 70% vs 35%, 60% vs 20%, P<0.05). No significant differences in early miscarriage rates were observed among the groups (χ²=3.750, P>0.05). [Conclusion] Intrauterine autologous PRP perfusion in CE patients enhances pregnancy and live birth rates, improves pregnancy outcomes post-FET, and demonstrates superior efficacy in endometrial repair and receptivity with two PRP perfusions compared to a single perfusion. This provides a safe and effective therapeutic option for optimizing outcomes in CE patients with prior implantation failure.

Objective: To investigate the status of salt-restriction spoons use among residents in Zhejiang Province, so as to provide evidence for optimizing salt-reduction intervention strategies and preventing chronic disease. Methods: Residents aged 18-69 from five counties (cities/districts) in Zhejiang Province were selected using a multi-stage stratified random sampling method. Demographic characteristics, dietary habits, and salt-restriction spoons use were collected using questionnaires. The rate of salt-restriction spoons use and correct rate of salt-restriction spoons use were analyzed. Factors affecting salt-restriction spoons use among residents were analyzed by multivariable logistic regression model. Results: Totally 7 601 questionnaires were allocated, and 7 509 valid questionnaires were recovered, with an effective recovery rate of 98.79%. The respondents included 3 744 males (49.86%) and 3 765 females (50.14%). The mean age was (44.81±14.03) years. The rate of salt-restriction spoons use was 11.97%, the correct rate of salt-restriction spoon use was 52.73%. Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that rural (OR=0.851, 95%CI: 0.731-0.991), education level of primary school and below (illiterate or semi-literate, OR=0.269, 95%CI: 0.172-0.420; primary school, OR=0.595, 95%CI: 0.436-0.811), and excessive dietary salt intake (OR=0.718, 95%CI: 0.559-0.922) were inhibiting factors for salt-restriction spoons use among residents; physical exercise (OR=1.581, 95%CI: 1.362-1.836) and received health education on a low-salt diet (OR=2.082, 95%CI: 1.790-2.421) were promoting factors for salt-restriction spoons use among residents. Conclusions The rate of salt-restriction spoons use among residents in Zhejiang Province was relatively low, primarily influenced by region, educational level, physical activity, dietary salt intake, and health education on a low-salt diet. It is recommended that propose a multi-component intervention strategy centered on skill enhancement and health education, delivered through progressive staged implementation, to promote sustained adoption of salt-restriction spoons among residents.

Objective: To analyze the unregistered treatment situation and its influencing factors among pulmonary tuberculosis patients in Quzhou City, Zhejiang Province from 2017 to 2023, so as to provide a basis for promoting the management of tuberculosis patients and optimizing disease prevention and control strategies. Methods: Data of pulmonary tuberculosis patients including demographic information, etiological results, and mortality status were collected through the China Disease Prevention and Control Information System Infectious Disease Reporting and Surveillance System and the Tuberculosis Management Information System. Pulmonary tuberculosis patients not matched in the Tuberculosis Management Information System were defined as unregistered treatment patients, and the unregistered treatment rate was analyzed. Factors affecting unregistered treatment among pulmonary tuberculosis patients were analyzed using a multivariable logistic regression model. Results: A total of 10 779 pulmonary tuberculosis patients were reported in Quzhou City from 2017 to 2023, including 7 700 males (71.44%) and 3 079 females (28.56%). There were 5 484 cases aged <65 years, accounting for 50.88%. Among them, 630 cases were unregistered treatment, with an unregistered treatment rate of 5.84% (95%CI: 5.42%-6.38%). Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed pulmonary tuberculosis patients aged ≥65 years (OR=1.829, 95%CI: 1.512-2.212) had a higher risk of being unregistered treatment than those aged <65 years; patients with non-local household registration (OR=5.710, 95%CI: 4.724-6.901) had a higher risk than local patients; and patients engaged in housework/unemployed (OR=2.001, 95%CI: 1.421-2.818) or other occupations (OR=2.396, 95%CI: 1.789-3.137) had a higher risk than farmers. The mortality of unregistered treatment pulmonary tuberculosis patients was higher than the registered treatment patients (26.67% vs. 5.02%),with a significantly elevated mortality risk (OR=7.147, 95%CI: 5.738-8.902). Conclusions The unregistered treatment rate among pulmonary tuberculosis patients was well controlled in Quzhou City from 2017 to 2023, but the elderly, patients with non-local household registration, and those engaged in housework/unemployed had a higher risk of unregistered treatment. It is recommended to improve medical and social security policies, strengthen health education on tuberculosis prevention, enhance treatment adherence, and reduce mortality risk.