ObjectiveTo investigate the effect of neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) on quadriceps muscle strength and walking for patients after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR). MethodsThirty-four patients after ACLR were selected at Beijing Rehabilitation Hospital of Capital Medical University from July, 2022 to October, 2023, and randomly divided into control group (n = 17) and experimental group (n = 17). Both groups received routine rehabilitation and functional training, and the experimental group received NMES during the functional training, while the control group received sham NMES, for eight weeks. Quadriceps peak torque-to-weight ratio, single-leg support phase and plantar impulses during walking were measured before and after intervention. ResultsTwo cases in the control group and three in the experimental group dropped down. Quadriceps peak torque-to-weight ratio improved in both groups after intervention (|t| > 17.578, P < 0.001), and improved more in the experimental group than in the control group (t = 4.714, P < 0.001); while the affected single-leg support phase and the affected/unaffected single-leg support phase ratio improved in both groups (|t| > 16.882, P < 0.001), and improved more in the experimental group than in the control group (t > 3.234, P < 0.01); and plantar impulses of all zones optimized in both groups (t > 9.221, P < 0.001), and were better in the experimental group than in the control group(|t| > 2.852, P < 0.01). ConclusionNMES may further improve quadriceps muscle strength, plantar pressure distribution during walking and single-leg support in patients after ACLR.

ObjectiveTo establish a rapid analytical method for identifying the differential components in Poria cocos medicinal materials based on ultra performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole-electrostatic field orbital trap high-resolution mass spectrometry（UPLC-Q-Orbitrap-MS）， combined with mass defect filtering（MDF） and molecular network integration techniques. MethodsUPLC-Q-Orbitrap-MS was used for MS data acquisition and identification of P. cocos medicinal materials， with the help of MDF for the study of cleavage behavior and structural identification of triterpenoids. According to the similarity of MS/MS fragmentation patterns of each component， global natural product social molecular network（GNPS） was established， and Cytoscape 3.6.1 was used to screen molecular clusters with similar structures and the the structure of main compound classes were identified and confirmed. Multivariate statistical analyses such as principal component analysis（PCA） and orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis（OPLS-DA） were used to screen the differential components of the five P. cocos medicinal materials with the variable importance in the projection（VIP） value>1 and P<0.05 as the criteria. ResultsA total of 66 compounds were identified by database comparison， 8 compounds were newly identified by MDF， 28 compounds were newly identified by GNPS， and a total of 102 chemical compounds were identified， including 43 triterpenoids， 16 saccharides， 26 amino acids and peptides， 3 nucleosides， and 14 other compounds. Triterpenoids were predominant in Poriae Cutis and wild Fushen， amino acids and peptides were the most abundant in Poria and cultivated Fushen， carbohydrates were the most abundant in Poriae Cutis. Type Ⅰ and Ⅱ triterpenoids had higher amounts in Poria and cultivated Fushen， type Ⅲ triterpenoids were more abundant in Poriae Cutis， all four types of triterpenoids were higher in Fushenmu， and type Ⅰ， Ⅱ， and Ⅳ triterpenoids were higher in wild Fushen. A total of 12 common differential chemical constituents were screened， including serine， guanosine， gallic acid， 2-octenal， maltotriose， trametenolic acid， dehydroeburicoic acid， dehydrotrametenolic acid， poricoic acid A， poricoic acid B， poricoic acid E and G， but the relative contents of them varied significantly among different medicinal materials. ConclusionAmong the five P. cocos medicinal materials， the types of constituents are generally similar， but their relative contents differed significantly among these medicinal materials， especially in the distribution of triterpenoids. The integration of UPLC-Q-Orbitrap-MS， MDF and GNPS can provide a reference for the rapid qualitative analysis of other Chinese medicines.

ObjectiveTo establish a rapid analytical method for identifying the differential components in Poria cocos medicinal materials based on ultra performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole-electrostatic field orbital trap high-resolution mass spectrometry（UPLC-Q-Orbitrap-MS）， combined with mass defect filtering（MDF） and molecular network integration techniques. MethodsUPLC-Q-Orbitrap-MS was used for MS data acquisition and identification of P. cocos medicinal materials， with the help of MDF for the study of cleavage behavior and structural identification of triterpenoids. According to the similarity of MS/MS fragmentation patterns of each component， global natural product social molecular network（GNPS） was established， and Cytoscape 3.6.1 was used to screen molecular clusters with similar structures and the the structure of main compound classes were identified and confirmed. Multivariate statistical analyses such as principal component analysis（PCA） and orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis（OPLS-DA） were used to screen the differential components of the five P. cocos medicinal materials with the variable importance in the projection（VIP） value>1 and P<0.05 as the criteria. ResultsA total of 66 compounds were identified by database comparison， 8 compounds were newly identified by MDF， 28 compounds were newly identified by GNPS， and a total of 102 chemical compounds were identified， including 43 triterpenoids， 16 saccharides， 26 amino acids and peptides， 3 nucleosides， and 14 other compounds. Triterpenoids were predominant in Poriae Cutis and wild Fushen， amino acids and peptides were the most abundant in Poria and cultivated Fushen， carbohydrates were the most abundant in Poriae Cutis. Type Ⅰ and Ⅱ triterpenoids had higher amounts in Poria and cultivated Fushen， type Ⅲ triterpenoids were more abundant in Poriae Cutis， all four types of triterpenoids were higher in Fushenmu， and type Ⅰ， Ⅱ， and Ⅳ triterpenoids were higher in wild Fushen. A total of 12 common differential chemical constituents were screened， including serine， guanosine， gallic acid， 2-octenal， maltotriose， trametenolic acid， dehydroeburicoic acid， dehydrotrametenolic acid， poricoic acid A， poricoic acid B， poricoic acid E and G， but the relative contents of them varied significantly among different medicinal materials. ConclusionAmong the five P. cocos medicinal materials， the types of constituents are generally similar， but their relative contents differed significantly among these medicinal materials， especially in the distribution of triterpenoids. The integration of UPLC-Q-Orbitrap-MS， MDF and GNPS can provide a reference for the rapid qualitative analysis of other Chinese medicines.

Objective: To evaluate the equity of human resource allocation in centers for disease control and prevention (CDCs) in China, so as to provide insights into optimizing human resource and promoting the high-quality development of CDCs. Methods: The number, age, educational level and professional title of CDCs personnel from 2017 to 2021 were collected from China Health Statistics Yearbook and China Statistical Yearbook. General information of human resource in CDCs across different provinces (autonomous regions, municipalities) was described, and the equity of human resource allocation was assessed using agglomeration degree. Results: The number of personnel in CDCs was 190 730 in 2017, and it began to increase from 2020, reaching 209 550 in 2021, with an average annual growth rate of 2.47%. The staffing gap decreased from 52 534 to 37 655. The proportion of personnel aged 55 years and older increased from 10.74% to 16.69%, the proportion of personnel with a bachelor's degree or above increased from 36.50% to 47.80%, the proportion of personnel with senior professional titles increased from 9.75% to 13.31%, and the number of personnel per 10 000 permanent residents increased from 1.36 to 1.48. Agglomeration degree analysis indicated that the equity of human resource allocation in terms of both geography and population was relatively good among the CDCs of 12 provinces (autonomous regions, municipalities) including Beijing, Tianjin and Liaoning; the equity of human resource allocation was relatively good in terms of geography and was relatively poor in terms of population among 11 provinces (autonomous regions, municipalities) including Shanghai, Jiangsu and Zhejiang; the equity of human resource allocation was relatively poor in terms of geography and was relatively good in terms of population among the CDCs of 8 provinces (autonomous regions, municipalities) including Inner Mongolia, Heilongjiang and Hainan. Conclusions Although there was an increase in the number of personnel in CDCs from 2017 to 2021, the growth rate was low. There were differences in the equity of human resource allocation among provinces (autonomous regions, municipalities), with a relative shortage of human resource in CDCs in the east area.

Objective To analyze the burden of disease of malignant tumors in Kunshan City from 2006 to 2021. Methods The global burden of disease research methodology was applied. The indicators of cancer incidence, mortality, and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) in Kunshan were calculated using the data from the Tumor Registry System and Death Registry System in Kunshan. The changes in cancer were compared. Results In 2021, the number of incidences and deaths and the DALYs of cancer were 4724 cases, 1618 cases, and 20887.90 person-years, respectively. The incidence, mortality, and DALYs rates were 427.42/100000, 146.39/100000, and 18.90‰. Compared with those in 2006, the incidence rate increased by 53.40%, and the mortality and DALYs rates decreased by 24.23% and 25.73%, respectively. The DALYs rate of cancer was higher for males than for females at 22.12‰ and 15.91‰ in 2021, respectively. The DALYs rate increased with age, and it started to increase sharply after 45 years of age. The top 10 cancers in 2021 in terms of DALYs were lung cancer, stomach cancer, colorectal cancer, liver cancer, pancreatic cancer, breast cancer, leukemia, esophageal cancer, brain and nervous system cancer, and gallbladder and biliary tract cancer, accounting for 83.83% of all cancers. The proportion of years lived with disability (YLD) in DALYs increased continuously (27% in 2021), with females increasing faster than males. Conclusion The disease burden of cancer in Kunshan City remains high, and the incidence of cancer must be reduced by developing comprehensive measures and continuously strengthening the capacity of early screening and treatment of cancer.

ObjectiveTo investigate the chemical constituents of Chuanxiong Rhizoma-Paeoniae Radix Rubra（CRPRR） that cross the blood-brain barrier in rats with ischemic stroke， their brain-protective effects， and their impact on inflammatory factors including tumor necrosis factor-α （TNF-α）， interleukin-1β （IL-1β）， and interleukin-18 （IL-18） based on ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry （UPLC-Q-TOF-MS） and pharmacodynamic experiments. MethodsA focal cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury model was established in rats via the middle cerebral artery occlusion/reperfusion （MCAO/R） method using intraluminal suture. Neurological function was evaluated using behavioral scoring. UPLC-Q-TOF-MS was employed to identify the chemical constituents of CRPRR that crossed the blood-brain barrier and entered the cerebrospinal fluid in MCAO/R model rats. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into six groups： sham operation group， model group， low-， medium-， and high-dose CRPRR groups （1.35， 2.7， 5.4 g·kg^-1， respectively）， and an edaravone group （5 mg·kg^-1）， with 12 rats in each group. The sham and model groups received normal saline， while the treatment groups received the respective doses of CRPRR once daily by gavage for three consecutive weeks. The brain-protective effects of CRPRR were assessed using the Longa five-point scoring method， open field test， Morris water maze， 2，3，5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride （TTC） staining， hematoxylin and eosin （HE） staining， and transmission electron microscopy. ResultsNine chemical constituents were identified in the cerebrospinal fluid containing CRPRR， namely paeoniflorin， senkyunolide F， senkyunolide G， paeonimetabolin Ⅰ， paeoniflorin derivative， senkyunolide H， benzoylpaeoniflorin， senkyunolide A， and ligustilide. Animal experiment results showed that compared with the sham operation group， the model group exhibited disordered neuronal arrangement， severe vacuolation， nuclear pyknosis， and evident mitochondrial swelling. Chromatin aggregation and peripheralization were also observed. Neurological scores and the number of crossings in the central region were significantly increased （P<0.01）， while platform crossings were significantly decreased （P<0.01）， and clear infarct areas were present （P<0.01）. Serum levels and protein expression of TNF-α， IL-1β， and IL-18 were significantly elevated （P<0.01）. Compared with the model group， all dose groups of CRPRR showed marked improvement in neuronal morphology which was close to the normal level， with mitochondrial swelling alleviated and chromatin distribution more uniform. The medium- and high-dose groups significantly reduced neurological scores （P<0.01）， while the low-， medium-， and high-dose groups significantly reduced the number of central crossings （P<0.01） and infarct volume （P<0.01）， and decreased TNF-α， IL-1β， and IL-18 levels （P<0.05， P<0.01） compared with the model group. Furthermore， the medium- and high-dose groups significantly reduced TNF-α protein expression （P<0.05，P<0.01）， and the high-dose group significantly reduced IL-1β and IL-18 protein expression （P<0.01）. ConclusionThis study confirmed that CRPRR improves neurological function and alleviates brain tissue damage in MCAO/R rats. Its mechanism may be associated with the downregulation of inflammatory factors TNF-α， IL-1β， and IL-18， as well as the presence of nine active chemical constituents in cerebrospinal fluid， namely paeoniflorin， senkyunolide F， senkyunolide G， paeonimetabolin Ⅰ， paeoniflorin derivative， senkyunolide H， benzoylpaeoniflorin， senkyunolide A， and ligustilide， which are closely related to their brain-protective effects.

Objective To assess and understand the service capabilities and existing problems of radiation health technical service institutions in Jiangsu Province, China, and provide a basis for improving in-process and post-process supervision as well as enhancing radiation health technical service capabilities. Methods Thirty radiation health technical service institutions in Jiangsu Province were selected as quality monitoring objects from the National Occupational Health Technical Service Institution Management Information System. Evaluations were conducted using a standardized national assessment checklist, and a comprehensive risk assessment was performed by combining the results of laboratory test capability comparisons. Results The 30 institutions all passed the quality monitoring, with an average score of （76.62 ± 5.07）. Comprehensive risk assessment identified 8 (26.67%) high-risk institutions, 22 (73.33%) medium-risk institutions, and 0 (0%) low-risk institutions. Conclusion The overall service quality of radiation health technical service institutions in Jiangsu Province is acceptable. However, further training and supervision are needed to improve technical service capacity and reduce service risks.

Objective: To investigate the trends in mortality and life loss of gastric cancer in Wenzhou City, Zhejiang Province from 2014 to 2023, so as to provide the evidence for formulating the prevention and control strategy for gastric cancer. Methods: The surveillance on causes of death data of permanent residents in Wenzhou City were collected through the Wenzhou Chronic Disease Monitoring and Management Information System from 2014 to 2023. The crude mortality of gastric cancer was calculated, and standardized by the data from the Sixth Chinese National Population Census in 2010. The life loss were measured using potential years of life lost (PYLL) and rate of potential years of life lost (PYLLR). The characteristics of mortality and life loss of gastric cancer in different genders and age groups were described. The trends in mortality and PYLLR of gastric cancer were analyzed using the average annual percent change (AAPC). Results: Totally 17 080 deaths were reported due to gastric cancer in Wenzhou City from 2014 to 2023, accounting for 12.58% and ranking third in the order of malignant tumor deaths. The crude mortality of gastric cancer was 20.73/105, and the standardized mortality was 15.22/105, showing decreasing trends (AAPC=-3.311%, -6.470%, both P<0.05). The crude mortality of gastric cancer was 29.22/105 in men and 11.61/105 in women, with standardized mortality rates of 20.81/105 and 8.74/105 (both P<0.05). The crude mortality of gastric cancer appeared a tendency towards a rise with increasing age (P<0.05), reaching the highest rate of 225.88/105 in the group aged 80 to <85 years. The PYLL and PYLLR of gastric cancer were 107 607.50 person-years and 1.37‰. The PYLLR appeared a tendency towards a decline from 2014 to 2023, with AAPC of -6.667% (P<0.05). Conclusions The mortality and PYLLR of gastric cancer in Wenzhou City appeared a tendency towards a decline from 2014 to 2023. Men and the elderly populations were the key groups for the prevention and treatment of gastric cancer.

The auxin/indole-3-acetic acid (Aux/IAA) gene family is an important regulator for plant growth hormone signaling, involved in plant growth, development, as well as response to environmental stresses. In the present study, we identified SmIAA7 which is potentially associated with Salvia miltiorrhiza leaf development through comparatively analyzed the transcriptome data from different pinnate leaves. SmIAA7 was successfully isolated from S. miltiorrhiza using the specific primers. Then subsequent bioinformatic analysis, prokaryotic expression and purification, subcellular localization, and induction expression analysis under auxin and abiotic stress were performed. The full-length of SmIAA7 contained an ORF of 684 bp encoding a protein of 227 amino acid with a molecular weight of 25.3 kD. Conserved domain analysis showed that SmIAA7 contains the conserved Aux_IAA domain (pfam02309). Sequence analysis and phylogenetic tree analysis results indicated SmIAA7 was phylogenetically close to IAA7 and IAA14 from other plants, suggesting SmIAA7 involved in plant growth and development as well as response to environmental stresses. The prokaryotic expression vector pET28a-SmIAA7 was constructed and SmIAA7 recombinant protein was successfully expressed in E. coli Rosetta (DE3) strain. Subcellular localization experiment demonstrated that SmIAA7 localized in the nucleus of plant cells. Real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR results showed that the expression level of SmIAA7 was upregulated in response to auxin. Drought, low temperature, and salt stress significantly increased the transcript level of SmIAA7 gene. This study lays a foundation for further elucidating the role of SmIAA7 in leaf development, signal transduction, and stress defense in S. miltiorrhiza.

Background Exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) is associated with the development of metabolic syndrome (MS). However, the role of amino acids in PAH-induced MS remains unclear. Objective To explore the impact of PAHs exposure on the incidence of MS among coking workers, and to determine potential modifying effect of amino acid on this relationship. Methods Unmatched nested case-control design was adopted and the baseline surveys of coking workers were conducted in two plants in Taiyuan in 2017 and 2019, followed by a 4-year follow-up. The cohort comprised 667 coking workers. A total of 362 participants were included in the study, with 84 newly diagnosed cases of MS identified as the case group and 278 as the control group. Urinary levels of 11 PAH metabolites and plasma levels of 17 amino acids were measured by ultrasensitive performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS). Logistic regression was used to estimate the association between individual PAH metabolites and MS. Stratified by the median concentration of amino acids, Bayesian kernel machine regression (BKMR) model was employed to assess the mixed effects of PAHs on MS. Due to the skewed data distribution, all PAH metabolites and amino acids in the analysis were converted by natural logarithm ln (expressed as lnv). Results The median age of the 362 participants was 37 years, and 83.2% were male. Compared to the control group, the case group exhibited higher concentrations of urinary 2-hydroxyphenanthrene (2-OHPhe), 9-hydroxyphenanthrene (9-OHPhe), and hydroxyphenanthrene (OHPhe) (P=0.005, P=0.049, and P=0.004, respectively), as well as elevated levels of plasma branched chain amino acid (BCAA) and aromatic amino acid (AAA) (P<0.05). After being adjusted for confounding factors, for every unit increase in lnv_2-OHPhe in urine, the OR (95%CI) of MS was 1.57 (1.11, 2.26), and for every unit increase in lnv_OHPhe, the OR (95%CI) of MS was 1.82 (1.16, 2.90). Tyrosine, leucine, and AAA all presented a significant nonlinear correlation with MS. At low levels, tyrosine, leucine, and AAA did not significantly increase the risk of MS, but at high levels, they increased the risk of MS. In the low amino acid concentration group, as well as in the low BCAA and low AAA concentration groups, it was found that compared to the PAH metabolite levels at the 50th percentile (P₅₀), the log-odds of MS when the PAH metabolite levels was at the 75th percentile (P₇₅) were 0.158 (95%CI: 0.150, 0.166), 0.218 (95%CI: 0.209, 0.227), and 0.262 (95% CI: 0.241, 0.282), respectively, However, no correlation between PAHs and MS was found in the high amino acid concentration group. Conclusion Amino acids modify the effect of PAHs exposure on the incidence of MS. In individuals with low plasma amino acid levels, the risk of developing MS increases with higher concentrations of mixed PAH exposure. This effect is partly due to the low concentrations of BCAA and AAA.