Purpose: To investigate the factors contributing to child maltreatment in Indonesia during the COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019) pandemic, highlighting the overlooked impact of parenting practices on various maltreatment forms during this unprecedented period. Methods: Using a cross-sectional design, the research used the ICAST-C (Indonesian version of Child Abuse Screening Tools for Children) tool to assess instances of child maltreatment. The study consisted of 219 high school students from Bekasi and Bandung City in West Java, Indonesia, selected through a stratified proportionate random sampling approach, followed by recruitment and consent procedures. An online questionnaire facilitated data collection, which was analyzed using multivariate logistic regression. Results: Children experiencing parental rejection were significantly more likely to face violence (adjusted odds ratio [AOR], 2.99; p<.001). Rejection-based parenting was identified as a significant causal factor contributing to psychological maltreatment (AOR, 3.59; p<.001), whereas higher parental education levels directly contributed to increased psychological maltreatment (AOR, 1.99; p=.024). Additionally, rejection significantly influenced physical maltreatment (AOR, 5.17; p<.001) and neglect (AOR, 3.29; p<.001). Interestingly, emotional warmth is also linked to heightened neglect (AOR, 2.29; p=.017). These findings highlight rejection as a critical factor influencing overall child maltreatment (AOR, 6.99; p<.001). Conclusion This study establishes a significant causal relationship between parental rejection and various forms of child maltreatment, excluding sexual violence. It emphasizes the need for targeted interventions, such as parenting education and community support, to address parental rejection and promote healthier parenting practices. Longitudinal studies are essential for further exploring these dynamics.

Purpose: Pneumonia is the most common reason for parents to send their children for hospitalization. Currently, parents still lack knowledge on the proper management of sick children during hospitalization. It causes longer stay of children with pneumonia. This study aimed to identify the effects of giving health education through video and leaflet on mother's knowledge and their children's length of stay in three general hospitals in Jakarta region. Methods: This study was a quasi-experimental study with pretest and posttest nonequivalent control group design. Health education was given to 64 mothers, 32 of them received it through video, while the other 32 received it through a leaflet. All respondents received health education in three days since their children were admitted. Data was collected through a self-reported questionnaire. Wilcoxon, Mann-Whitney, and t-Test were used for data analysis. Result: This study showed mother's knowledge increased in both groups, however, the median difference of pretest-posttest on video group was higher than the leaflet one. Median difference value in video group was 8, and for leaflet group was 6 (p<.001). Children's length of stay in the video group was shorter than those in the leaflet group (p<.001). Conclusions Health education through video has a higher impact on increasing mother's knowledge and decreasing children's length of stay as compared through the use of leaflets.
Child ; Health Education ; Length of Stay ; Pneumonia