BACKGROUND:Multistimuli-responsive hydrogels have received extensive attention in the field of bone tissue engineering due to their special responsive capabilities and diverse functions.OBJECTIVE:To review the application of multistimuli-responsive hydrogels in bone damage repair,and explore their research and development ideas and future development directions.METHODS:Relevant literature was retrieved from PubMed,Web of Science,and WanFang databases.English search terms included"hydrogels,bone defect,bone repair,bone healing,bone tissue engineering,degenerative joint diseases,osteoarthritis,Cartilage."Chinese search terms were"multistimuli-responsive hydrogels,smart hydrogels,bone damage repair,bone tissue engineering."The search time limit was from database inception to August 2024.A total of 83 articles were included in the review.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Multistimuli-responsive hydrogels can react to various levels of physical,chemical,and biological stimuli,while exerting inherent functions such as swelling,deformation,degradation,and other special functions endowed by materials,making them highly potential in addressing clinical problems in bone damage repair.However,in practical applications,how to ensure that these materials maintain stability and durability in the complex biological environment and can be degraded in a controllable and harmless manner when needed is an urgent problem to be solved.

BACKGROUND:Multistimuli-responsive hydrogels have received extensive attention in the field of bone tissue engineering due to their special responsive capabilities and diverse functions.OBJECTIVE:To review the application of multistimuli-responsive hydrogels in bone damage repair,and explore their research and development ideas and future development directions.METHODS:Relevant literature was retrieved from PubMed,Web of Science,and WanFang databases.English search terms included"hydrogels,bone defect,bone repair,bone healing,bone tissue engineering,degenerative joint diseases,osteoarthritis,Cartilage."Chinese search terms were"multistimuli-responsive hydrogels,smart hydrogels,bone damage repair,bone tissue engineering."The search time limit was from database inception to August 2024.A total of 83 articles were included in the review.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Multistimuli-responsive hydrogels can react to various levels of physical,chemical,and biological stimuli,while exerting inherent functions such as swelling,deformation,degradation,and other special functions endowed by materials,making them highly potential in addressing clinical problems in bone damage repair.However,in practical applications,how to ensure that these materials maintain stability and durability in the complex biological environment and can be degraded in a controllable and harmless manner when needed is an urgent problem to be solved.

Objective: To investigate the treatment outcomes and influencing factors among elderly patients with pulmonary tuberculosis in Lishui City, Zhejiang Province, so as to provide a basis for optimizing the prevention and control strategies of pulmonary tuberculosis and reducing the risk of adverse treatment outcomes among elderly patients. Methods: Data on patients aged ≥60 years with pulmonary tuberculosis in Lishui City from 2016 to 2022 were collected from the Tuberculosis Information Management System of the China Disease Prevention and Control Information System, including basic information, diagnosis and treatment details, and laboratory test results. The successful treatment rate and the incidence of adverse treatment outcomes were calculated. Factors affecting adverse treatment outcomes among elderly patients with pulmonary tuberculosis were analyzed using multivariable logistic regression model. Results: A total of 3 094 elderly patients with pulmonary tuberculosis were registered in Lishui City from 2016 to 2022, with a median age of 70 (interquartile range, 13) years. There were 2 396 male patients (77.44%) and 698 female patients (22.56%). A total of 2 676 patients achieved successful treatment, with a successful treatment rate of 86.49%. The successful treatment rate demonstrated a significant upward trend from 2016 to 2022 (P<0.05). There were 418 patients with adverse treatment outcomes, accounting for an incidence of 13.51%. The main types of adverse outcomes were death and loss to follow-up, with 199 and 100 patients, accounting for 47.61% and 23.92%, respectively. Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that elderly patients with pulmonary tuberculosis who were male (OR=1.333, 95%CI: 1.018-1.745), aged ≥70 years (70-<80 years, OR=1.909, 95%CI: 1.469-2.481; ≥80 years, OR=3.878, 95%CI: 2.967-5.068), living in rural areas (OR=1.332, 95%CI: 1.068-1.661), with positive etiological results (OR=1.470, 95%CI: 1.143-1.889), and undergoing retreatment (OR=1.923, 95%CI: 1.419-2.607) had a higher risk of adverse treatment outcomes. Conclusions The successful treatment rate showed an upward trend among elderly patients with pulmonary tuberculosis in Lishui City from 2016 to 2022. Gender, age, place of residence, etiological results, and treatment type were influencing factors for adverse treatment outcomes among elderly patients with pulmonary tuberculosis.

Objective To investigate the value of nutritional status control(CONUT)score,platelet to albumin ratio(PAR)and mean platelet volume to lymphocyte ratio(MPVLR)before treatment on immunotherapy efficacy and immune-related adverse reactions(irAEs)in advanced gastric cancer patients.Methods A total of 113 patients with advanced gastric cancer admitted to the hospital from January 2020 to June 2023 were selected as the gas-tric cancer group,and 113 healthy volunteers were selected as the control group.According to the efficacy of immunotherapy,the patients with advanced gastric cancer were divided into effective group(70 cases)and in-effective group(43 cases),and divided into irAEs group(51 cases)and non-irAEs group(62 cases)according to whether irAEs occurred.The factors influencing the occurrence of irAEs in advanced gastric cancer were analyzed,and the value of CONUT score,PAR and MPVLR before treatment in predicting the efficacy of im-munotherapy and irAEs in advanced gastric cancer was analyzed.Results The CONUT score,PAR and MPV-LR in gastric cancer group before treatment were higher than those in control group(P＜0.05).The CONUT score,PAR and MPVLR before treatment in the ineffective group were higher than those in the effective group(P＜0.05).The area under the curve(AUC)of CONUT score,PAR and MPVLR alone in predicting the ineffective immunotherapy in advanced gastric cancer patients before treatment were 0.779,0.739 and 0.766,respectively,the AUC predicted by combined detection was 0.889,which was higher than that predic-ted by alone(P＜0.05).The CONUT score,PAR and MPVLR before treatment in irAEs group were higher than those in non-irAEs group(P＜0.05).The age of irAEs group was lower than that of non-irAEs group(P＜0.05),and the proportion of Ki-67 index,CD4+T lymphocytes and Treg cells was lower than that of non-irAEs group(P＜0.05).The increase of CONUT score,PAR and MPVLR before treatment were risk factors for irAEs in advanced gastric cancer patients(P＜0.05),and the increase of Treg cell proportion was a protective factor(P＜0.05).The AUC of CONUT score,PAR and MPVLR alone in predicting the occurrence of irAEs in advanced gastric cancer patients before treatment was 0.816,0.798 and 0.783,respectively,the AUC predic-ted by combined detection was 0.887,which was higher than that predicted alone(P＜0.05).Conclusion The CO-NUT score,PAR and MPVLR before treatment are significantly increased in advanced gastric cancer patients,and are associated with ineffective immunotherapy and the occurrence of irAEs.The combined detection of the three indicators can effectively predict the immunotherapy efficacy and irAEs in advanced gastric cancer pa-tients.

Objective:To analyze the extraction, chemical composition, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory activity of the TCM formula essential oil for the treatment of upper respiratory tract infections (URTI); To provide a scientific basis for its further development.Methods:The formula essential oil was extracted using the steam distillation method and analyzed for chemical composition by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The DPPH, ABTS scavenging ability, and hydroxyl radical scavenging ability of volatile oils were measured. The effect of the essential oil on the viability of RAW264.7 cells was assessed using the CCK-8 assay. ELISA and Western blot methods were used to determine the effects of volatile oil on LPS induced inflammatory cytokines IL-6 and TNF-α.Results:The average extraction rate of the formula essential oil was 1.12%, with a density of 0.973 2 g/ml. Twelve main chemical components were identified, with 1,8-cineole (42.9%) and patchoulol (19.9%) being the predominant constituents. The essential oil exhibited DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging capacities of 52% and 59%, respectively, and a hydroxyl radical scavenging capacity exceeding 70%. Essential oil could reduce the levels of IL-6 and TNF-α ( P<0.05). Conclusion:TCM formula essential oil for the treatment of URTI contains multiple bioactive components and demonstrates significant antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects.

Objective:To explore the effect of ginsenoside Rg1 on spermatogenic dysfunction in mice caused by diabetes and its mechanism of action.Methods:Eighteen male C57BL mice were randomly divided into control group, the model group and the ginsenoside Rg1 group by completely random method, with 6 mice in each group. Type 2 diabetes models were established in the model group and the ginsenoside Rg1 group by a high-fat diet combined with intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin, while control group was injected with the same amount of normal saline. After successful modeling, control group was given a regular diet for 8 weeks, while the model group and ginsenoside Rg1 group were given a high-fat diet for 8 weeks. The ginsenoside Rg1 group was also treated with ginsenoside Rg1 medication. Reproductive hormone levels were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay test kits, and Western blotting was used to detect the expressions of apoptosis-related proteins (Bcl2 protein, Caspase-3 protein, Bax protein), autophagy-related proteins (P62, LC3Ⅰ, LC3Ⅱ, Beclin1), β-Catenin protein, mTOR protein, LAMP1 protein and transcription factor EB. The body weight, blood glucose levels, testicular index of mice in each group were compared, as well as the testicular injury status.Results:The body weight [(18.77±1.14) g], testosterone level [(141.07±8.47) ng/L], follicle-stimulating hormone level [(9.19±0.74) U/L], and luteinizing hormone level [(1 497.91±99.57) pg/L] of mice in the model group were significantly lower than those in the control [(31.57±2.35) g, P<0.001; (171.50±11.76) ng/L, P<0.001; (12.46±1.54) U/L, P<0.001; (1 807.29±92.76) pg/L, P<0.001]; fasting blood glucose level [(20.82±1.11) mmol/L], glycosylated hemoglobin (12.67%±1.03%), the testis index (0.65%±0.03%) were significantly higher than those in the control [(6.40±1.34) mmol/L, P<0.001; 5.17%±1.17%, P<0.001; 0.48%±0.04%, P<0.001]. Compared with the model group, the body weight [(22.62±0.92) g, P=0.023], testosterone level [(172.63±9.20) ng/L, P<0.001], follicle-stimulating hormone level [(12.37±1.15) U/L, P<0.001], and luteinizing hormone level [(1 847.80±108.80) pg/L, P<0.001] of mice in the ginsenoside Rg1 group increased significantly, fasting blood glucose level [(18.63±1.14) mmol/L, P=0.017], glycosylated hemoglobin (8.50%±1.05%, P<0.001) and testicular index (0.54%±0.02%, P<0.001) decreased significantly. Compared with the control, the expressions of P62 ( P=0.039), LC3Ⅱ/LC3Ⅰ( P<0.001), Beclin1 ( P=0.002) and mTOR ( P=0.036) in the testicular tissue of mice in the model group all increased, the expression of β-Catenin ( P<0.001), LAMP1 ( P=0.005), transcription factor EB ( P<0.001) all decreased. Compared with the model group, the expressions of autophagy-related proteins P62 ( P=0.048), LC3Ⅱ/LC3Ⅰ( P<0.001) , Beclin1 ( P=0.023) and mTOR ( P=0.005) in the ginsenoside Rg1 group all decreased, while the expression of β-Catenin ( P=0.001), LAMP1 ( P=0.011) and transcription factor EB ( P=0.022) all increased. Transmission electron microscopy detected a decrease in the number of autophagosomes in the testicles of mice in the model group, and it improved after drug intervention. The HE staining showed that the testes of mice in the model group exhibited phenotypes such as the shedding and disorganization of spermatogenic cells, while ginsenoside Rg1 was able to improve these phenotypes. Conclusion:Ginsenoside Rg1 can improve testicular injury caused by diabetes in mice by regulating autophagy.

Objective:To investigate the influence of cytochrome P450 2A6 (CYP2A6) gene polymorphisms on liver function injury in patients with hyperthyroidism treated with methimazole.Methods:The study selected 90 patients with hyperthyroidism who were treated with methimazole in the Department of Thyroid Surgery at the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University from Sept. 2023 to Aug. 2024 as the research subjects. Based on the occurrence of liver injury, they were divided into a liver injury group ( n=36) and a non-liver injury group (n=54). Peripheral blood DNA was extracted from the patients, and the CYP2A6 gene genotypes (rs8192725, rs8192720, and rs28399433) were detected using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification method. The association between CYP2A6 gene polymorphisms and liver injury induced by methimazole treatment in hyperthyroidism was analyzed. Results:The comparison of genotype distribution frequencies at the rs8192725 locus between the liver injury group and the non-liver injury group showed a statistically significant difference ( P<0.05). The AG and GG genotypes at the rs8192725 locus were protective factors against liver injury in patients with hyperthyroidism (AG vs. AA, OR: 0.21; 95% CI: 0.08-0.57; P<0.05; GG vs. AA, OR: 0.24; 95% CI: 0.06-0.89; P<0.05; AG+GG vs. AA, OR: 0.22; 95% CI: 0.09-0.54; P<0.05). The frequency of the G allele of rs8192725 in the liver injury group was significantly lower than that in the non-liver injury group (G vs. A, OR: 0.36; 95% CI: 0.19-0.70; P<0.05), indicating that it is a protective factor for liver injury in hyperthyroid patients receiving methimazole treatment. Conclusions:The CYP2A6 gene polymorphism at the rs8192725 locus is associated with the occurrence of liver injury in patients with hyperthyroidism treated with methimazole. The G allele may be a protective factor against liver injury in patients with hyperthyroidism, suggesting that individualized treatment plans can be developed based on the patient's genotype.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2024.03.030.].

Obesity, as a chronic recurrent disease, has become a major public health challenge in China. To implement the requirements of the Healthy China Initiative (2019—2030), under domestic guidelines or consensus statements on overweight and obesity, and in alignment with the latest scientific advances globally, the Quality control protocol for adult overweight and obesity screening in health management (examination) institutions (2025 edition) was developed. This protocol was drafted by the Health Management Center of Shanghai Changzheng Hospital and formulated through multiple rounds of deliberation by experts in China’s health examination quality control field. The protocol establishes unified standards for screening facilities, personnel qualifications, and measurement or testing procedures. It defines specific screening items, outlines a standardized screening pathway, and sets requirements for the final medical review, ensuring the scientific validity, effectiveness, and safety of the screening process. The implementation of this protocol will enhance the consistency of weight management practices for adults across health examination institutions and strengthen the quality control of overweight and obesity screening programs.

Objective To explore the relationship between triglyceride-glucose index(TyG)and acute ischemic stroke with large vessel occlusion(AIS-LVO)of anterior circulation.Methods A retrospective study was conducted on patients with anterior circulation AIS-LVO who underwent emergency endovascular thrombectomy at Neurovascular Center of The First Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University from Jan.2018 to Dec.2019.According to modified Rankin scale(mRS)score 90 d after operation,the patients were assigned to favorable outcome group(mRS score 0-2)or unfavorable outcome group(mRS score 3-6),and the TyG was compared.According to the median of TyG,the patients were assigned to low-TyG group(TyG＜8.57)or high-TyG group(TyG ≥8.57),and the clinical data,laboratory indexes,and imaging characteristics were compared.Receiver operating characteristic curve was used to evaluate the predictive value of TyG for poor prognosis.Results A total of 135 patients were enrolled,with 72 in the favorable outcome group and 63 in the unfavorable outcome group.The TyG of the unfavorable outcome group was significantly higher than that of the favorable outcome group(8.82+0.63 vs 8.43+0.60,P＜0.001).There were 67 patients in the low-TyG group and 68 in the high-TyG group.Compared with the low-TyG group,the proportion of patients with hyperlipidemia history(P=0.003),systolic blood pressure at admission(P=0.018),fasting blood glucose level(P＜0.001),and triglyceride level(P＜0.001)were significantly higher in the high-TyG group,the infarct core volume was significantly larger(P=0.025),the high density lipoprotein-cholesterol level was significantly lower(P=0.013),and the mRS score 90 d after operation was significantly higher(3[1,5]vs 1[0,5],P=0.049).The TyG had certain predictive value for poor prognosis in anterior circulation AIS-LVO patients(area under curve value=0.662,95％confidence interval 0.571-0.753).Conclusion TyG is elevated in anterior circulation AIS-LVO patients with poor prognosis,and may be a potential prognostic indicator for anterior circulation AIS-LVO patients.