AIM:To explore the feasibility of predicting orthokeratology lens ordering parameters(flat K, spherical power, lens diameter, and lens toricity)using the extreme gradient boosting(XGBoost)algorithm based on corneal topographic parameters and basic clinical examination indicators, and to provide references for intelligent clinical fitting.METHODS:Clinical data were retrospectively collected from myopic patients who underwent initial orthokeratology lens fitting and achieved successful fitting at Puyang Second People's Hospital between January 2019 and March 2024. Data from right and left eyes were treated as independent samples, and the dataset was partitioned at the patient level into training and test sets in a 7∶3 ratio. Input features included uncorrected visual acuity(UCVA), axial length(AL), horizontal visible iris diameter(HVID), flat K, steep K, horizontal eccentricity, and vertical eccentricity. The lens toricity prediction model additionally incorporated keratometric astigmatism(ΔK)and surface asymmetry index(SAI). The output labels were the final ordering parameters(flat K, spherical power, lens diameter, and lens toricity). Separate XGBoost regression models were constructed for each output parameter, with hyperparameters optimized independently through grid search combined with 5-fold cross-validation. Model performance was evaluated on the test set using the coefficient of determination(R2), mean absolute error(MAE), and root mean square error(RMSE). Feature importance analysis was also performed.RESULTS:Totally 400 patients(800 eyes)were included in the final analysis. The 400 patients comprised 208 male(52.0%)and 192 female(48.0%)patients, with a mean age of 10.1±2.3 y. After partitioning at the patient level, the training set comprised 280 patients(560 eyes; 146 males and 134 females; mean age 10.1±2.3 y), and the test set comprised 120 patients(240 eyes; 62 males and 58 females; mean age 10.0±2.2 y). No statistically significant differences in sex composition or age were found between the two sets(P>0.05). Toric lenses were used by 140 of the 280 patients(50.0%)in the training set and by 50 of the 120 patients(41.7%)in the test set(χ2=2.017, P=0.156). The flat K prediction model achieved an MAE of 0.34 D and an R2 of 0.84. The spherical power model attained an MAE of 0.43 D and an R2 of 0.70. The lens diameter model yielded an MAE of 0.12 mm and an R2 of 0.42. The lens toricity model(Tweedie regression, power=1.5)achieved an MAE of 0.44 D and an R2 of 0.38. The MAE for each parameter fell within the clinically acceptable tolerance limits(flat K≤0.50 D, spherical power ≤0.75 D, lens diameter ≤0.25 mm, lens toricity ≤0.75 D). Scatter plots and Bland-Altman analysis demonstrated strong agreement between predicted values and actual observations. Feature importance analysis revealed that flat K(0.70)and steep K(0.11)were the most influential predictors in the flat K prediction model.CONCLUSION: The XGBoost model based on routine clinical parameters provides predictions of flat K, spherical power, and lens diameter with MAEs within clinically acceptable ranges, and offers useful reference for cylindrical power prediction. This approach may serve as a useful adjunct to clinical lens fitting. Nevertheless, future prospective studies are warranted to validate its clinical utility in improving actual fitting success rates.

Objective To analyze the clinical features in multiple myeloma(MM)patients, and the summaries the treatment effect of different therapies. Methods The clinical initial symptoms, laboratory data,clinical efficacy of treatment with MP, M2, VAD, BD,T hal + DEX and other chemotherapy in 120 patients newly diagnosed with multiple myeloma were retrospectively analyzed. Results Among 120 MM cases,the incidence peak was situated in 40 - 60 years age group, the mean age at oneset was 54 years, which indicated that the onset age were getting younger in China. Bone pain, anemia, infection were the most common initial symptoms of MM. In terms of clinical efficacy:①Significant difference between MP and VAD programs(χ2 = 10. 626,P ＜0. 05＝,but no significant difference between MP and M2 programs(χ2 = 2. 439, P ＞ 0. 05), MP and Thal + DEX programs(χ2 = 5. 870, P ＞0. 05. ②Significant difference between M2 and VAD programs(χ2 = 8. 307, P ＜ 0. 05＝; No significant difference between M2 and Thal + DEX programs(χ2 = 2. 592, P ＞ 0. 05). ③ No significant difference between VAD and Thal +DEX programs(χ2 =0. 916,P＞ 0. 05). ④BD program is the most efficient program,but this discovery need further confirmation because of the small number of cases observed. Conclusions At present, chemotherapy is the main treatment for MM, most scheme like MP, M2, VAD, BD, etc. , have certain effect depend on different patient groups but remain improving. The choice of appropriate chemotherapy and autologous or allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation will help to improve the prognosis of the disease.