Objective: Lamongan District Health Office received a report of a suspected measles outbreak from a community health centre and two hospitals in Brondong subdistrict, Lamongan district, Indonesia. An outbreak investigation team was deployed to verify the diagnosis and to determine the magnitude of the outbreak. Methods: This retrospective, 1:1 matched case-control study involved 51 suspected or laboratory-confirmed measles cases and 51 controls selected from household contacts and/or playmates within the same village who did not have measles. Data on case characteristics, clinical symptoms, vaccination status, as well as contact and travel histories were collected via interview. Blood specimens were collected from 25 of the children for laboratory confirmation. Univariate and multivariable logistic regression analyses were conducted to investigate risk factors for measles infection. Results: Nineteen of the 51 measles cases (37.3%) were laboratory-confirmed. All 51 cases exhibited fever and rash (100%) and ranged in age from 11 months to 12 years; 29 (56.9%) were female, and 32 (62.7%) were hospitalized. Over half of the cases occurred in Sedayulawas village (31/51, 60.8%), showing a propagated epidemic pattern. The index case was a 2-year-old girl. Transmission predominantly occurred within the same village through household or playmate contacts. Immunization status and contact history were significantly associated with measles infection. Discussion: The measles outbreak was attributed to a decline in immunization coverage, particularly for the second dose of the measles-rubella vaccine. This decrease was driven by multiple factors, including the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, misconceptions related to religious beliefs, and the long interval between the first and second vaccine doses, which contributed to the patients who were lost to follow-up. Collectively, these factors increased the vulnerability of children to measles infection.

Introduction: Heart attack and stroke are two diseases causing four out of five patients with cardiovascular disease to experience early death at the age of below 70 years old. Coronary heart disease is caused by two factors, namely modifiable factors and non-modifiable factors. This study aimed to determine factors related to coronary heart disease in the productive age groups in Indonesia. Methods: This study used data from the Indonesia Family Life Survey (IFLS) 5. The total sample in this study was 24,199 with productive age (15-59 years old). The data were analyzed using multiple logistic regressions to analyze the risk factors for coronary heart disease. Results: This study found that coronary heart disease prevalence was 1.30%. Most of the respondents in this study were females (52.30%), had a normal body mass index (40.75%), had moderate physical activities (39.33%), had no smoking habit (64.59%), and consumed no fast-food (88.34%). The result showed that older age (AOR =1.06 95%CI=1.05-1.07), female (AOR =1.93, 95%CI=1.32-2.83), vigorous physical activity (AOR = 0.72, 95%CI=0.53-0.96), and fast-food consumption (AOR =1.68, 95%CI=1.22-2.31) had higher odds to experience coronary heart disease. Conclusion: Older age, female, vigorous physical activities, fast-food consumption were the risk factors of coronary heart disease at a productive age in Indonesia.

Introduction: Studies show that many university students experience common mental health problems, such as depression, anxiety, and stress. In severe cases, these problems can cause disability that may hinder youths from achieving their potential academic or career development. This study aims to measure the occurrence and levels of depression, anxiety, and stress and their determinants among undergraduate students of a recently established remote campus in Indonesia. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in Banyuwangi, East Java from September- December 2017. Exactly 229 students were randomly selected using cluster sampling. Mental health status was measured using Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale. We used multivariable logistic regression to determine factors related to depression, anxiety, and stress. Results: The prevalence of depression, anxiety, and stress were 25.0%, 51.1%, and 38.9% respectively among these students. Level of education was associated with depression and stress, but not with anxiety. The fifth semester students had significantly greater odds of depression (AOR = 2.27; 95% CI: 1.04-4.93; p value = 0.04) and stress (AOR =2.18; 95% CI: 1.10-4.37; p value = 0.03) compared to the seventh semester students. No variables were significantly associated with the occurrence of anxiety. Conclusion: Fifth semester students had a greater risk for depression, anxiety, and stress compared to students at a higher level of education. The present study highlights the need for policies in new universities to provide a routine psychological support and counseling for students undergoing semesters that place greater mental burden.