ObjectiveTo prepare biomimetic nanocomposites， characterize their biomimetic structures， test their quasi-static mechanical properties， dynamic mechanical properties and biocompatibility， and to explore the possibility of them as biomimetic composite materials for oral crowns. MethodsThe microstructure of alumina microplatelets and kaolin particles was observed using scanning electron microscopy （SEM） and metallographic microscopy. Alumina microplatelets were mixed with kaolin particles to form a ceramic slurry， which was then used to prepare a composite film via evaporation-induced self-assembly. The multilayer composite ceramic material was produced through pressureless sintering followed by organic polymer treatment. The microstructures before and after sintering， as well as after polymer infiltration， were observed using SEM. The organic content of the composite film was analyzed by thermogravimetric analysis. Phase composition changes before and after sintering were examined using X-ray diffraction. The compressive and flexural strengths of different groups with varying numbers of layers （specifically 50， 16， 8， 4， 2， and 1 layers） were tested using a universal mechanical testing machine. The energy dissipation performance of the different groups was evaluated through drop ball and drop hammer tests. The biocompatibility of the composite material was investigated using the CCK-8， live/dead cell staining， and cell adhesion experiments. ResultsThe ceramic framework （CF） exhibited a nacre-like structure internally， with clearly defined layered interfaces in the cross-section of the multilayer composite. The organic content increased proportionally with the number of layers. After sintering， the crystal phase underwent transformation， and internal crystal bonding occurred. As the number of layers increased， the compressive and flexural strengths showed a modest decline， while the energy dissipation performance improved significantly. The optimal results from the drop ball test and drop hammer test reached 80.64% and 11.65 kJ/m²， respectively. No significant differences were observed in CCK-8 assays and live/dead cell staining between the blank control group and the material group. Cells adhered favorably to the composite material. ConclusionMultilayer composite ceramic materials exhibit excellent quasi-static mechanical properties， remarkable dynamic mechanical performance， and superior biological compatibility. It is verified that the hierarchically designed， nacre-like composite successfully fabricated in this work is anticipated to become a novel type of composite dental crown material for oral applications.

Stem cells play a crucial role in maintaining tissue regenerative capacity and homeostasis. However, mechanisms associated with stem cell senescence require further investigation. In this study, we conducted a proteomic analysis of human dental pulp stem cells (HDPSCs) obtained from individuals of various ages. Our findings showed that the expression of NUP62 was decreased in aged HDPSCs. We discovered that NUP62 alleviated senescence-associated phenotypes and enhanced differentiation potential both in vitro and in vivo. Conversely, the knocking down of NUP62 expression aggravated the senescence-associated phenotypes and impaired the proliferation and migration capacity of HDPSCs. Through RNA-sequence and decoding the epigenomic landscapes remodeled induced by NUP62 overexpression, we found that NUP62 helps alleviate senescence in HDPSCs by enhancing the nuclear transport of the transcription factor E2F1. This, in turn, stimulates the transcription of the epigenetic enzyme NSD2. Finally, the overexpression of NUP62 influences the H3K36me2 and H3K36me3 modifications of anti-aging genes (HMGA1, HMGA2, and SIRT6). Our results demonstrated that NUP62 regulates the fate of HDPSCs via NSD2-dependent epigenetic reprogramming.
Humans ; Dental Pulp/cytology* ; Nuclear Pore Complex Proteins/genetics* ; Cellular Senescence/genetics* ; Stem Cells/metabolism* ; Epigenesis, Genetic ; Cell Proliferation ; Cell Differentiation ; Histone-Lysine N-Methyltransferase/metabolism* ; Cells, Cultured ; Cellular Reprogramming ; Cell Movement ; Proteomics

Peri-implant keratinized mucosa (PIKM) augmentation refers to surgical procedures aimed at increasing the width of PIKM. Consensus reports emphasize the necessity of maintaining a minimum width of PIKM to ensure long-term peri-implant health. Currently, several surgical techniques have been validated for their effectiveness in increasing PIKM. However, the selection and application of PIKM augmentation methods may present challenges for dental practitioners due to heterogeneity in surgical techniques, variations in clinical scenarios, and anatomical differences. Therefore, clear guidelines and considerations for PIKM augmentation are needed. This expert consensus focuses on the commonly employed surgical techniques for PIKM augmentation and the factors influencing their selection at second-stage surgery. It aims to establish a standardized framework for assessing, planning, and executing PIKM augmentation procedures, with the goal of offering evidence-based guidance to enhance the predictability and success of PIKM augmentation.
Humans ; Consensus ; Dental Implants ; Mouth Mucosa/surgery* ; Keratins

Bone grafting is a primary method for treating bone defects. Among various graft materials, xenogeneic bone substitutes are widely used in clinical practice due to their abundant sources, convenient processing and storage, and avoidance of secondary surgeries. With the advancement of domestic production and the limitations of imported products, an increasing number of bone filling or grafting substitute materials isentering clinical trials. Relevant experts have drafted this consensus to enhance the management of medical device clinical trials, protect the rights of participants, and ensure the scientific and effective execution of trials. It summarizes clinical experience in aspects, such as design principles, participant inclusion/exclusion criteria, observation periods, efficacy evaluation metrics, safety assessment indicators, and quality control, to provide guidance for professionals in the field.
Humans ; Bone Substitutes/therapeutic use* ; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic/methods* ; Consensus ; Bone Transplantation ; Research Design

Guided bone regeneration (GBR) has been widely used in the repair and reconstruction of alveolar bone defects. However, conventional GBR techniques often fail to achieve the desired bone augmentation for severe bone defects (diameter≥5 mm). To address this limitation, several innovative GBR-based approaches, such as the tenting and sausage techniques have been developed, achieving varying degrees of clinical success. Nonetheless, these methods still face considerable challenges, including secondary trauma from autogenous bone harvesting, high technical sensitivity, and limited scalability. In response, our team proposed a novel treatment concept centered on the principle of "stability-core", and developed a new therapeutic strategy that avoids the use of autogenous bone. This strategy involves the development of a new series of tent-peg medical devices and the introduction of the pouch technique, which has been successfully applied in clinical practice. This case report presents the successful use of the pouch technique for vertical ridge augmentation in the maxillary posterior region. At 8-month follow-up, substantial vertical bone gain and restoration of the alveolar ridge contour were achieved. Implant placement and prosthetic rehabilitation were completed with satisfactory functional recovery. The patient reported a positive treatment experience. This technique offers a promising and practical solution for alveolar bone reconstruction.

Guided bone regeneration (GBR) has been widely used in the repair and reconstruction of alveolar bone defects. However, conventional GBR techniques often fail to achieve the desired bone augmentation for severe bone defects (diameter≥5 mm). To address this limitation, several innovative GBR-based approaches, such as the tenting and sausage techniques have been developed, achieving varying degrees of clinical success. Nonetheless, these methods still face considerable challenges, including secondary trauma from autogenous bone harvesting, high technical sensitivity, and limited scalability. In response, our team proposed a novel treatment concept centered on the principle of "stability-core", and developed a new therapeutic strategy that avoids the use of autogenous bone. This strategy involves the development of a new series of tent-peg medical devices and the introduction of the pouch technique, which has been successfully applied in clinical practice. This case report presents the successful use of the pouch technique for vertical ridge augmentation in the maxillary posterior region. At 8-month follow-up, substantial vertical bone gain and restoration of the alveolar ridge contour were achieved. Implant placement and prosthetic rehabilitation were completed with satisfactory functional recovery. The patient reported a positive treatment experience. This technique offers a promising and practical solution for alveolar bone reconstruction.

Objective To explore the feasibility of the bilayer chitosan barrier membrane loaded with tannic acid(CS@TA)for guided bone regeneration by exploring the reactive oxygen species(ROS)scavenging ability,bio-compatibility,and antibacterial properties.Methods The single-layer chitosan(CS)film was prepared by self-e-vaporation,and the double-layer CS film was prepared by directional freezing and freeze-drying,and its microstruc-ture was observed by scanning electron microscope.The prepared CS bilayer membrane was grafted with tannic acid(TA)in different proportions,and the interaction between TA and CS bilayer membrane was analyzed by Fourier infrared spectrometer(FITR).The ROS scavenging ability was tested by 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl(DPPH),and the double-layer membrane of loading TA scavenging efficiency of more than 90%was selected to continue the follow-up experiment.CCK-8 assay and lived dead staining were used to evaluate the survival rate of cell in each groups.MC3T3-E1 cells was adhesion the CS@TA barrier film for studying by SEM.Colony counting was per-formed to test its antibacterial performance against Escherichia coli(E.coli)and Staphylococcus aureus(S.au-reus).Results One side was the smooth,dense while other side was rough,loose and porous,with a longitudinal ordered porous structure in cross-section of the double-layer membrane of CS@TA.With the addition of TA,the ROS scavenging ability of the double-layer membrane first increased rapidly and then stabilized slowly.The results of CCK-8 and lived and dead cells staining showed that excessive TA addition significantly affected the biocompati-bility of the double-layer membrane.The counting results of bacterial dilution coating showed that compared with the double-layer membrane without TA loading,the double-layer membrane had certain antibacterial ability against E.coli and S.aureus when the appropriate amount of TA was added.Conclusion Thus the double-layer with ap-propriate TA loading has strong ROS scavenging ability,good biological performance,and certain antibacterial abil-ity for E.coli and S.aureus.

Objective To develop a high modulus and high strength biodegradable silk fibroin GBR membrane to address the issue of maintaining the space for bone regeneration in the repair of osseous defects.Methods After purifying silk fibroin protein,membrane materials were prepared using evaporation-hot pressing method.The physi-cal and chemical properties and biological performance of the membranes were evaluated using stretching tests,in vitro simulations,and cell co-culturing methods.Results A silk fibroin GBR membrane was successfully fabrica-ted,resulting in a simulated degradation rate of 35.3%after 12 h in vitro.The wet-state elastic modulus reached 45 MPa,while the tensile strength reached 8.39 MPa.Furthermore,the cell survival rate was nearly 100%after 7 days.Conclusion The biodegradable GBR membrane produced in this study possesses high modulus and strength,as well as excellent biocompatibility,offering a promise as a foundation for addressing the bone defect re-pair and bone space maintenance.

This article summarizes and organizes relevant publications in journals, along with a review of medical history, systematically summarizing the development process of dental alveolar surgery in China. The initial establishment phase (1935—1952) marked the starting point of Chinese Alveolar Surgery. Despite the impact of wars, it laid the foundation for subsequent research and practice. During the early development phase (1953—1966), the "Chinese Journal of Stomatology" was founded, which promoted the development of Alveolar Surgery. Research focused on tooth extraction methods and complications. Tooth Transplantation and Preprosthetic Surgery gradually began to take off. The stagnant phase (1967—1977) occurred due to the interruption of international exchanges, leading to an almost complete halt in the development of Alveolar Surgery. Entering the rapid catch-up phase (1978—1985), Alveolar Surgery scholars in China began striving to overcome the stagnation of the previous decade. While some progress was made, no significant innovative achievements emerged. In the scientific development phase (1986—2010), clinical research, basic experiments, and paper writing in modern Chinese Alveolar Surgery began to adhere to scientific standards with the rise of experimental medicine. The exploration and innovation stage (2011—2023) is the current development phase, during which Chinese Aveolar Surgery has reached its peak, making substantial progress in technology, clinical practices, and basic research, gradually reaching or even surpassing international advanced levels. Looking back at the development history in China, we can find the wisdom and hard work of the older generation of Alveolar Surgery scholars. However, contemporary challenges and issues, such as standardizing technology, promoting clinical practices, and talent cultivation, need to be addressed by present-day Alveolar Surgery professionals as they forge ahead.

Objective:To investigate the presence of a distinct stem cell populations different from mesenchymal stem cells in the mandibular periosteum of both human and non-human primates (macaca mulatta), to explore its properties during intramembranous osteogenesis and to establish standard protocols for the isolation, culturing and expanding of mandibular periosteal stem cells (PSC) distinguished from other PSCs in other anatomical regions.Methods:Periosteum was harvested from the bone surface during flap bone removal in patients aged 18-24 years undergoing third molar extraction and from the buccal side of the mandibular premolar region of 6-year-old macaca mulatta respectively, and then subjected to single-cell sequencing using the Illumina platform Novaseq 6000 sequencer. Cross-species single-cell transcriptome sequencing results were compared using homologous gene matching. PSC were isolated from primary tissues using two digestion methods with body temperature and low temperature, and their surface markers (CD200, CD31, CD45 and CD90) were identified by cell flow cytometry. The ability of cell proliferation and three-lineage differentiation of PSC expanded to the third generation in vitro in different species were evaluated. Finally, the similarities and differences in osteogenic properties of PSC and bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSC) were compared. Results:The single-cell sequencing results indicated that 18 clusters of cell populations were identified after homologous gene matching for dimensionality reduction, and manual cellular annotation was conducted for each cluster based on cell marker databases. The comparison of different digestion protocols proved that the low-temperature overnight digestion protocol can stably isolate PSC from the human and m. mulatta mandibular periosteum and the cells exhibited a fibroblast-like morphology. This research confirmed that PSC of human and m. mulatta had similar proliferation capabilities through the cell counting kit-8 assay. Flow cytometry analysis was then used to identify the cells isolated from the periosteum expressed CD200(+), CD31(-), CD45(-), CD90(-). Then, human and m. mulatta PSC were induced into osteogenesis, adipogenesis, and chondrogenesis to demonstrate their corresponding multi-lineage differentiation capabilities. Finally, comparison with BMSC further clarified the oesteogenesis characteristics of PSC. The above experiments proved that the cells isolated from the periosteum were peiosteal cells with characteristics of stem cells evidenced by their cell morphology, proliferation ability, surface markers, and differentiation ability, and that this group of PSC possessed characteristics different from traditional mesenchymal stem cells.Conclusions:In this study, normal mandibular PSC from humans and m. mulatta were stably isolated and identified for the first time, providing a cellular foundation for investigating the mechanism of mandibular intramembranous osteogenesis, exploring ideal non-human primate models and establishing innovative strategies for clinically mandibular injury repair.