OBJECTIVE: To observe the effect of electroacupuncture (EA) at "Zusanli" (ST 36) on duodenal mast cells, nerve growth factor (NGF) and neurotrophic tyrosine kinase receptor type 1 (NTRK1), and to explore the mechanism of electroacupuncture at Zusanli (ST 36) on functional dyspepsia (FD). METHODS: Sixty SPF-grade 10-day-old SD rats were randomly divided into a normal group, a model group, a ketotifen group and an EA group, 15 rats in each group. The FD model was prepared by iodoacetamide combined with rat tail clamping method in the model group, the ketotifen group and the EA group. The rats in the ketotifen group were injected intraperitoneally with ketotifen (1 mg•kg^-1•d^-1) for 7 days; the rats in the EA group were treated with EA at bilateral "Zusanli" (ST 36), with disperse-dense wave, frequency of 2 Hz/50 Hz and intensity of 0.5 mA, 20 min each time, once a day for 14 days. The gastric emptying rate and small intestinal propulsion rate in each group were observed; the morphology of duodenal mucosa was observed by HE staining; the toluidine blue staining was used to observe the number and degranulation of mast cells in duodenal mucosa; the protein and mRNA expressions of NGF, NTRK1 in duodenum were detected by Western blot and real-time PCR; the level of interleukin-1β (IL-1β) in duodenum was measured by ELISA. RESULTS: Compared with the normal group, the gastric emptying rate and small intestinal propulsion rate in the model group were decreased (P<0.01); compared with the model group, the gastric emptying rate and small intestinal propulsion rate in the ketotifen group and the EA group were increased (P<0.01); the small intestinal propulsion rate in the EA group was higher than that in the ketotifen group (P<0.01). In the model group, local defects in duodenal mucosa were observed with a small amount of inflammatory cell infiltration; no obvious abnormality was found in duodenal mucosa of the other groups. Compared with the normal group, the mast cells of duodenal mucosa in the model group were increased significantly with significant degranulation; compared with the model group, the mast cells of duodenal mucosa in the ketotifen group and the EA group were decreased significantly, and the degranulation was not obvious. Compared with the normal group, the protein and mRNA expressions of NGF, NTRK1 as well as the level of IL-1β in duodenum in the model group were increased (P<0.01); compared with the model group, the protein and mRNA expressions of NGF, NTRK1 as well as the levels of IL-1β in duodenum in the ketotifen group and the EA group were decreased (P<0.01, P<0.05); compared with the ketotifen group, the mRNA expression of NGF, as well as the protein and mRNA expressions of NTRK1 in duodenum in the EA group were decreased (P<0.05, P<0.01). CONCLUSION EA at "Zusanli" (ST 36) could inhibit the activation of duodenal mast cells and regulate the expressions of NGF and its receptor to improve the low-grade inflammatory response of duodenum, resulting in treatment effect on FD.
Acupuncture Points ; Animals ; Duodenum/metabolism* ; Dyspepsia/therapy* ; Electroacupuncture ; Ketotifen ; Mast Cells/metabolism* ; Nerve Growth Factor/metabolism* ; RNA, Messenger ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Receptor, trkA/genetics*

Objective: To examine the clinical effect of minimally invasive duodenum preserving pancreatic head resection(DPPHR) for benign and pre-malignant lesions of pancreatic head. Methods: The clinical data of patients with diagnosis of benign or pre-malignant pancreatic head tumor were retrospectively collected and analyzed,all of them underwent laparoscopic or robotic DPPHR between October 2015 and September 2021 at Division of Gastrointestinal and Pancreatic surgery,Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital. Thirty-three patients were enrolled with 10 males and 23 females. The age(M(IQR)) was 54(32) years old(range: 11 to 77 years old) and the body mass index was 21.9(2.9)kg/m²(range: 18.1 to 30.1 kg/m²). The presenting symptoms included abdominal pain(n=12), Whipple triad(n=2), and asymptomatic(n=19). There were 7 patients with hypertension and 1 patient with diabetes mellitus. There were 19 patients who were diagnosed as American Society of Anesthesiologists class Ⅰ and 14 patients who were diagnosed as class Ⅱ. The student t test,U test, χ² test or Fisher exact test was used to compare continuous data or categorized data,respectively. All the perioperative data and metabolic morbidity were analyzed and experiences on minimally invasive DPPHR were concluded. Results: Fourteen patients underwent laparoscopic DPPHR,while the rest of 19 patients received robotic DPPHR. Indocyanine green fluorescence imaging was used in 19 patients to guide operation. Five patients were performed pancreatico-gastrostomy and the rest 28 patients underwent pancreaticojejunostomy. Pathological outcomes confirmed 9 solid pseudo-papillary neoplasms, 9 intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms, 7 serous cystic neoplasms, 6 pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors, 1 mucous cystic neoplasm, 1 chronic pancreatitis. The operative time was (309.4±50.3) minutes(range:180 to 420 minutes),and the blood loss was (97.9±48.3)ml(range:20 to 200 ml). Eighteen patients suffered from postoperative complications,including 3 patients experienced severe complications(Clavien-Dindo Grade ≥Ⅲ). Pancreatic fistula occurred in 16 patients,including 8 patients with biochemical leak,7 patients with grade B pancreatic fistula and 1 patient with grade C pancreatic fistula. No one suffered from the duodenal necrosis and none perioperative death was occurred. The length of hospital stay was 14(7) days (range:6 to 87 days). The follow-up was 22.6(24.5)months(range:2 to 74 months). None suffered from recurrence or metastasis. During the follow-up,all the patients were free of refractory cholangitis. Moreover,in the term of endocrine dysfunction,no postoperative new onset of diabetes mellitus were observed in the long-term follow-up. However,in the view of exocrine insufficiency,pancreatic exocrine insufficiency and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) was complicated in 2 and 1 patient,respectively,with the supplement of pancreatic enzyme,steatorrhea and weight loss relieved,but NAFLD was awaited to be seen. Conclusions: Minimally invasive DPPHR is feasible and safe for benign or pre-malignant lesions of pancreatic head. Moreover,it is oncological equivalent to pancreaticoduodenectomy with preservation of metabolic function without refractory cholangitis.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Child ; Duodenum/surgery* ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Pancreas/surgery* ; Pancreatectomy ; Pancreatic Neoplasms/surgery* ; Pancreaticoduodenectomy ; Postoperative Complications ; Retrospective Studies ; Young Adult

Humans ; Pancreaticoduodenectomy ; Pancreatectomy ; Pancreas/surgery* ; Duodenum/surgery* ; Pancreatic Neoplasms/surgery*

Objective: To evaluate the influence of duodenal stump reinforcing on the short-term complications after laparoscopic radical gastrectomy. Methods: A retrospective cohort study with propensity score matching (PSM) was conducted. Clinical data of 1204 patients with gastric cancer who underwent laparoscopic radical gastrectomy at the First Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University from April 2009 to December 2018 were collected. The digestive tract reconstruction methods included Billroth II anastomosis, Roux-en-Y anastomosis and un-cut-Roux- en-Y anastomosis. A linear stapler was used to transected the stomach and the duodenum. Among 1204 patients, 838 were males and 366 were females with mean age of (57.0±16.0) years. Duodenal stump was reinforced in 792 cases (reinforcement group) and unreinforced in 412 cases (non-reinforcement group). There were significant differences in resection range and anastomotic methods between the two groups (both P<0.001). The two groups were matched by propensity score according to the ratio of 1∶1, and the reinforcement group was further divided into purse string group and non-purse string group. The primary outcome was short-term postoperative complications (within one month after operation). Complications with Clavien-Dindo grade ≥ III a were defined as severe complications, and the morbidity of complication between the reinforcement group and the non-reinforcement group, as well as between the purse string group and the non-purse string group was compared. Results: After PSM, 411 pairs were included in the reinforcement group and the non-reinforcement group, and there were no significant differences in baseline data between the two groups (all P>0.05). No perioperative death occurred in any patient.The short-term morbidity of postoperative complication was 7.4% (61/822), including 14 cases of anastomotic leakage (23.0%), 11 cases of abdominal hemorrhage (18.0%), 8 cases of duodenal stump leakage (13.1%), 2 cases of incision dehiscence (3.3%), 6 cases of incision infection (9.8%) and 20 cases of abdominal infection (32.8%). Short-term postoperative complications were found in 25 patients (6.1%) and 36 patients (8.8%) in the reinforcement group and the non-reinforcement group, respectively, without significant difference (χ²=2.142, P=0.143). Nineteen patients (2.3%) developed short-term severe complications (Clavien-Dindo grade ≥IIIa), while no significant difference in severe complications was found between the two groups (1.7% vs. 2.9%, χ²=1.347, P=0.246). Sub-group analysis showed that the morbidity of short-term postoperative complication of the purse string group was 2.6% (9/345), which was lower than 24.2% (16/66) of the non-purse string group (χ²=45.388, P<0.001). Conclusion: Conventional reinforcement of duodenal stump does not significantly reduce the incidence of duodenal stump leakage, so it is necessary to choose whether to reinforce the duodenal stump individually, and purse string suture should be the first choice when decided to reinforce.
Adult ; Aged ; Anastomosis, Roux-en-Y/adverse effects* ; Anastomosis, Surgical/adverse effects* ; Duodenum/surgery* ; Female ; Gastrectomy/methods* ; Humans ; Laparoscopy/adverse effects* ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Postoperative Complications/etiology* ; Retrospective Studies ; Stomach Neoplasms/surgery*

Single-anastomosis duodeno-ileal bypass with sleeve gastrectomy (SADI-S) is simpler and has similar efficacy for obesity and obesity-associated metabolic diseases in comparison to biliopancreatic diversion with duodenal switch. We reported the first Da Vinci robot-assisted SADI-S in the treatment of severe obesity in China. This male patient was 27-year-old with height of 180 cm, body weight of 140 kg, waistline of 125 cm and body mass index of 43.2 kg/m(2). The diagnosis at admission was fatty liver, severe obesity, hypertriglyceridemia and hyperuricemia. The patient underwent Da Vinci robot-assisted SADI-S. The surgeon identified ileocecal part by appendix, then a common channel was measured retrogradely from the ileocecal valve, the distal ileum at 300 cm from the ileocecal part was marked and suspended. A sleeve gastrectomy was performed over a 34 Fr bougie tube. An end-to-side anastomosis between proximal duodenum and the pre-marked ileum was performed after duodenal bulb transection. Gastric incision was sutured with omentum reinforcement. No leakage was found after injecting methylene per os. Finally, a drainage tube was left in place under the anastomosis and close to the duodenal stump. The operation time was 244 minutes and the amount of bleeding during surgery was 50 ml. The patient recovered well with a postoperative hospital stay of 7 days and was followed up for six months. The percent of excess weight loss (EWL%) was 80.21% at 6 months after operation. The body weight, body mass index and waist circumference decreased significantly after operation. Complete remission was achieved for hypertriglyceridemia, hyperuricemia and insulin resistance. The patient suffered from cholestasis without serious complications at 6 months after operation. Our experience shows that Da Vinci robot-assisted SADI-S is safe and feasible in treating severe obesity.
Adult ; Anastomosis, Surgical ; China ; Duodenum/surgery* ; Gastrectomy ; Gastric Bypass ; Humans ; Male ; Obesity, Morbid/surgery* ; Robotics

No abstract available.
Duodenum ; Dyspepsia

Afferent loop syndrome (ALS) is a rare cause of recurrent pancreatitis. Recurrent pancreatitis in association with ALS can develop due to impaired outflow of pancreatic juice or reflux of enteric secretions caused by increased intraluminal duodenal pressure. Here, we report a case of ALS presenting as recurrent acute pancreatitis due to chronic intermittent partial obstruction of the third portion of the duodenum caused by postoperative adhesion. Interestingly, pancreatic histology showed a granulocytic epithelial lesion, which is a diagnostic feature of type 2 autoimmune pancreatitis (AIP, idiopathic duct centric chronic pancreatitis [IDCP]). From this case we learned that the diagnosis of type 2 AIP should be made in the appropriate clinical setting.
Afferent Loop Syndrome ; Diagnosis ; Duodenal Obstruction ; Duodenum ; Pancreatic Juice ; Pancreatitis ; Pancreatitis, Chronic

Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP)-related perforations of the duodenum are rare but serious complications. Some ERCP-related perforations can be successfully managed without surgery. However, the presence of duodenal perforation may lead to premature termination of the ERCP and need for additional procedure such as percutaneous biliary drainage. If the ERCP-related perforation is identified early during the procedure, primary closure of the perforation can be attempted first or after completion of ERCP. We report two cases of duodenal perforation during ERCP in which ERCP was successfully completed after primary closure of the perforation.
Cholangiopancreatography, Endoscopic Retrograde ; Drainage ; Duodenum ; Intestinal Perforation

duodenum upward (at GA 10–15 weeks and 30–38 weeks); and the greater omentum without covering the greater portion of the jejunum and ileum but shifted leftward (at GA 30–38 weeks). These subsequent topographical variations of the transverse colon with the stomach and duodenum included the colon tightly fusing with the stomach by a fibrous tissue and; the greater omentum and/or the mesocolon wedged between the stomach and transverse colon. Therefore, in combination, the colon was partly separated from the greater omentum. Moreover, at GA 30–38 weeks, the duodenum consistently showed a horizontal loop in contrast to the usual C-loop in the frontal plane. Consequently, after a complete fusion occurred once between the greater omentum and transverse mesocolon, the topographical change of the upper abdominal viscera seemed to modify, change or even break the initial fusion of the peritoneum. A logical lamination of the peritoneum seemed not to simply connect with the surgical application.]]>
Adult ; Colon ; Colon, Transverse ; Duodenum ; Fetus ; Gestational Age ; Humans ; Ileum ; Jejunum ; Logic ; Mesocolon ; Omentum ; Peritoneum ; Pyloric Antrum ; Pylorus ; Stomach ; Viscera

Few surgeons have adopted pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD) for the treatment of advanced gastric cancer (AGC) invading the pancreas or duodenum because it remains controversial whether its prognostic benefits outweigh the high morbidity rates in such advanced cases. However, recent technical advances have revived diverse surgical procedures in minimally invasive approaches. Inspired by this trend, laparoscopic PD procedures have been performed for AGC in our institute since 2014. We recently performed a laparoscopic Whipple's operation in a case of cT4b gastric cancer with invasion of the pancreatic head and duodenum.
Duodenum ; Head ; Pancreas ; Pancreaticoduodenectomy ; Stomach Neoplasms ; Surgeons