Linxian County in Henan Province, Northern China is known as the region with the highest incidence and mortality rate of esophageal cancer worldwide. Since 1959, the Henan medical team has conducted field work on esophageal cancer prevention and treatment in Linxian. Through three generations of effort exerted by oncologists over 65 years of research on esophageal cancer prevention and treatment in Linxian, the incidence rate of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma in this area has dropped by nearly 50%, and the 5-year survival rate has increased to 40%, reaching the international leading level. This article aims to summarize the history, present opportunities and new challenges, and explore the experience of esophageal cancer prevention and treatment in Linxian (referred to as the “Linxian experience”), providing reference and guidance to cancer prevention and treatment research in China.

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the consistency between the quetiapine LC-MS/MS kit and the laboratory-built method(reference method) in the detection results of quetiapine therapeutic drug monitoring. METHODS A total of 120 remaining plasma samples were collected from patients receiving quetiapine therapeutic drug monitoring from March to October in 2021. The plasma concentration of quetiapine was detected by kit and reference method respectively. The analysis of correlations and consistency was performed by outlier analysis, linear regression and Bland-Altman method. RESULTS No outliers were detected. The linear regression equation was Y=1.018X+4.400(r=0.998), indicating a good correlation. The Bland-Altman plot analysis showed good agreement between the two measurements. CONCLUSION The detection results of quetiapine LC-MS/MS kit and reference method are in good agreement. The kit can be used for clinical quetiapine treatment drug monitoring.

Objective:To characterize the histopathological subtypes and their clinicopathological parameters of gender and onset age by common, rare and sparse primary esophageal malignant tumors (PEMT).Methods:A total of 272 437 patients with PEMT were enrolled in this study, and all of the patients were received radical surgery. The clinicopathological information of the patients was obtained from the database established by the State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention & Treatment from September 1973 to December 2020, which included the clinical treatment, pathological diagnosis and follow-up information of esophagus and gastric cardia cancers. All patients were diagnosed and classified by the criteria of esophageal tumor histopathological diagnosis and classification (2019) of the World Health Organization (WHO). The esophageal tumors, which were not included in the WHO classification, were analyzed separately according to the postoperative pathological diagnosis. The χ 2 test was performed by the SPSS 25.0 software on count data, and the test standard α=0.05. Results:A total of 32 histopathological types were identified in the enrolled PEMT patients, of which 10 subtypes were not included in the WHO classification. According to the frequency, PEMT were divided into common (esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, ESCC, accounting for 97.1%), rare (esophageal adenocarcinoma, EAC, accounting for 2.3%) and sparse (mainly esophageal small cell carcinoma, malignant melanoma, etc., accounting for 0.6%). All the common, rare, and sparse types occurred predominantly in male patients, and the gender difference of rare type was most significant (EAC, male∶ female, 2.67∶1), followed with common type (ESCC, male∶ female, 1.78∶1) and sparse type (male∶ female, 1.71∶1). The common type (ESCC) mainly occurred in the middle thoracic segment (65.2%), while the rare type (EAC) mainly occurred in the lower thoracic segment (56.8%). Among the sparse type, malignant melanoma and malignant fibrous histiocytoma were both predominantly located in the lower thoracic segment (51.7%, 66.7%), and the others were mainly in the middle thoracic segment.Conclusion:ESCC is the most common type among the 32 histopathological types of PEMT, followed by EAC as the rare type, and esophageal small cell carcinoma and malignant melanoma as the major sparse type, and all of which are mainly occur in male patients. The common type of ESCC mainly occur in the middle thoracic segment, while the rare type of EAC mainly in the lower thoracic segment. The mainly sparse type of malignant melanoma and malignant fibrous histiocytoma predominately occur in the lower thoracic segment, and the remaining sparse types mainly occur in the middle thoracic segment.

BACKGROUND: Renal artery stenosis (RAS) is always associated with abnormalities in renal microvascular perfusion (RMP). However, few imaging methods can simultaneously evaluate the degree of luminal stenosis and RMP. Thus, this study will aim to evaluate the feasibility of using contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) for assessing both RAS and RMP to achieve a one-stop assessment of patients with suspected renovascular hypertension. METHODS: This will be a single-center diagnostic study with a sample size of 440. Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and suspected of having resistant hypertension will be eligible. Patients with Stages 1-3 CKD will undergo CEUS and computed tomography (CT) angiography (CTA). Values obtained by CEUS and CTA for diagnosing low-grade (lumen reduced by <60%) and high-grade (lumen reduced by ≥60%) RAS will be compared. Moreover, all patients will also undergo radionuclide imaging. The diagnostic value for RAS will be assessed by the receiver operating characteristic curve, including the accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive values, negative predictive values, and area under the ROC. Pearson correlation analysis will be performed to assess the association between CEUS findings for RMP and glomerular filtration rate measured by a radionuclide imaging method. CONCLUSION: The data gathered from this study will be used to evaluate the feasibility of expanding clinical applications of CEUS for evaluation of patients with suspected renovascular hypertension. TRIAL REGISTRATION Chinese Clinical Trial Registry, ChiCTR1800016252; https://www.chictr.org.cn.
Contrast Media ; Glomerular Filtration Rate ; physiology ; Humans ; Hypertension, Renovascular ; physiopathology ; ROC Curve ; Renal Artery ; physiopathology ; Renal Artery Obstruction ; physiopathology

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to analyze the treatment for mandibular coracoid fractures retrospectively. METHODS: A retrospective study on 37 patients with mandibular coracoid fractures treated at Department of Traumatic and Plastic Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University from January 2010 to December 2015 was conducted. Eleven patients were treated conservatively, and 26 patients underwent surgical restoration and internal fixation. Mouth opening and pain degree were used as indicators to analyze treatment results. RESULTS: The 37 cases of coracoid fractures accounted for 3.18% of the total mandibular fractures. The average age of patients was 38.05 years. Satisfactory results were obtained in both treatments. A considerable change in the degree of mouth opening before and after 6 months was found in the two groups. The pain degree before treatment and 1 day after operation, 1 day and 4 weeks after operation, and 4 weeks and 6 months after operation indicated that the two groups did not significantly differ. However, substantial changes between the two groups were found before treatment and 6 months after operation. CONCLUSIONS Conservative treatment is recommended for patients with linear, temporalis muscle-located, and non-displaced coracoid fractures. Surgical treatment is recommended for patients with large fractures and those with accompanying zygomatic arch and mandible fractures.
Adult ; China ; Fracture Fixation, Internal ; Humans ; Mandible ; Mandibular Condyle ; Mandibular Fractures ; Retrospective Studies ; Treatment Outcome

Objective To investigate the antitumor effects of IL-18 gene transfected T cells on pancreatic cancer cell SW-1990.Methods Construction of IL-18 contained recombinant lentivirus using PCR method and packaged at HEK293T cell, then transfected the human T cells and evaluated the antitumor effects when cocultured with SW-1990.Results The IL-18 gene contained recombinant lentivirus was successfully constructed and packaged, and transfected the T cells, the LDH secretion and IL-2 and IFN-γ content all increased significantly (P<0.01) when cocultured with SW-1990 cell.Conclusions T cells transfected with IL-18 possessed more potent antitumor effects to pancreatic cancer cell SW-1990 as compared to the regular T cells.

Objective:To explore the optimal time point for combining chemotherapy and immunotherapy and provide an experimen-tal basis for immunotherapy intervention in clinical. Methods:Twenty-three lung cancer patients who completed five chemotherapy cycles between November 2015 and December 2016 in the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University were enrolled in this study. Numbers of T lymphocyte subsets, B lymphocytes, and NK lymphocytes in peripheral blood were counted. Expression levels of T lymphocyte co-suppression molecule and cytokines in the peripheral blood mononuclear cell were detected using flow cytometry to analyze the dynamic changes of such indicators from one cycle to five cycles of chemotherapy. Results:Significant decreases in the lev-els of CD8+T lymphocytes, CD19+B lymphocytes, and CD16+CD56+NK cells and an increase in CD4+T lymphocytes were observed in the course of multi-cycle chemotherapy for patients with lung cancer. Differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). The co-suppres-sion molecular expression of PD-1, CTLA-4, and CCR-4 with T lymphocytes was downregulated, and the differences were significant (P<0.05). Conclusion:Profiling the dynamic changes of lymphocyte subsets and the expression of T lymphocyte co-suppression molecule are significant in multiple chemotherapy cycles for patients with lung cancer. In the later stage, the combined application of PD-1, PD-L1, CTLA-4, or CCR-4 antibody may exert good therapeutic effects for patients with a high expression level of related immune check-points.

Objective To build a server to receive ECG data from the smart phone through remote network transmission,which has the functions of data storage,painting ECG waveform at real time,browsing historical waveform,preliminary ECG self-diagnosis and etc.Methods The development was executed with C# language in Visual Studio 2013,which used the socket for network transmission,GDI for waveform painting,Dataset/Datareader for data access as well as thread for multithreaded programming etc.Five-point smoothing filter was applied to ECG signal preliminary processing,and classical difference threshold algorithm was used to implement waveform analysis of ECG data.The main QRS waves were detected,and ECG features such as R-R interval were analyzed to form ECG self-diagnosis report.Results The server received and showed the ECG data transmitted by smart phone successfully,and then generated ECG waveform and self-diagnosis report.Conclusion This server has a great performance on receiving the data from portable facilities.In addition,it also performs well and stably in accessing and showing ECG data.

Objective To observe the effect of changing grain and selenium supplementation for 1-year on control of children's Kaschin-Beck disease in Qinghai province. Methods Epidemiology, clinical and right-hand X-ray examination were carried out on children aged 7 - 12 years in 2008. Patients were diagnosed and divided into 3 groups by village, control group from Xinjianping village in Guide county, changing grain group from Xiemalang village in Guide county and supplying salt with selenium and iodine group from Shanglujuan and Xialujuan villages in Xinghai county. One year before and after the treatment, right-hand X-ray photograph (including carpal bones)was taken and child hair samples were collected, selenium was detected by 2,3-diaminonaphthalene fluorescence spectrophotometry. Results After 1 year prevention and control, the detectable rate of X-ray in control group was raised from 4.88%(2/41) to 12.20%(5/41) , the detection rate in changing grain group was declined from 17.54%(10/57) to 5.26%(3/57), and from 13.51%(10/74) to 5.41%(4/74) in supplying salt with selenium and iodine group. In changing grain group, there were 10 patients, 7 cases were cured, 2 patients stable, 1 case progressed,no new case;in supplying salt with selenium and iodine group of 10 patients, 7 were cured, 3 patients stable, 1 new diagnosed case;in control group, 2 patients stable, 2 new diagnosed metaphysis cases, 1 new diagnosed metaphyseal case. Compared with control group, the difference was statistically significant between changing grain group and supplying salt with selenium and iodine group(x2 = 5.49,4.14, all P ＜ 0.05). After 1 year control and prevention,hair selenium contents in control group and changing grain group were increased from (107.15 ± 42.30), (125.30 ±40.30)μg/kg to (108.32 ± 35.67), (135.38 ± 65.24)μg/kg, the difference was statistically insignificant(t = 0.01,0.68, all P ＞ 0.05), and selenium contents in supplying salt with selenium and iodine group were obviously increased from (95.62 ± 43.42)μg/kg to (197.64 ± 97.08)μg/kg (t = 5.41, P ＜ 0.05). Conclusion Changing grain and supplying selenium can prevent and control children's Kaschin-Beck disease.

Objective To investigate epidemical situation of drinking-tea fluomsis in Qinghai province, in order to understand diet structure to provide the scientific basis for the prevention and control and the scientific research. Methods In 2007, according to "Scheme for Survey on Epidemical Drinking-tea Fluorosis", we carried out an customized investigation in 28 counties, 3 townships sampled in each county, 2 villages in each township, 50 adults and 50 school-age children in each village; at same time, 1 monk temple was sampled in each county, 50 clergy adults and 50 children in each temple. Then we investigated the resident income, the diet structure, the brick tea consumption and so on, and applied Dean method to diagnose dental fluorosis. The patient number estimated based on the survey result. Results ①Yeady per capita income of people was mostly 500 - < 1000yuan, next 1000 - < 3000 yuan; economic income in pasturing area was higher than that of agriculture, half area and half agriculture and half pastoral region and township. ②Staple food was bread flour primarily in the animal husbandry agricultural half pastoral area,next were the roasted barley and the rice;the bread flour was the principle food in the agricultural region and the cities,next were the rice and the roasted barley;among non-staple food,meat came fimt and milk foHowed,egg the last.③The frequently edible vegetables Was potato.cabbage and greenpepper,eaten by a majority of people[62.82%(6497/10 343)];as for fruits,apple,pear and orange was primarily consumed,75.95%(7856/10 343)of people ate less than 10 times every month.④Sixty-one thousand nine hundred and ninety-nine residents were registered,153 335 kg ofbrick tea was consumed in villages and towns,2.47 kg per person;in 1001 monks investigated,4120 kg of brick tea was consumed every year,4.12 kg per person.⑤Detection rate of adult dental fluorosis in the villages and towns was 24.11%(2494/10 343),that of the children was 24.38% (3012/12 355);detection rate of dental fluorosis in monks was 26.13%(203/777),that of the children was 39.73% (89/224).⑥Detection rate of adult skeletal fluorosis in villages and towns was 15.60%(17/109);that of monks was 4.88%(2/41).⑦The 95%confidence limit estimated a total number of dental fluorosis patients were 1 084 306- 1 134 170 persons.the median Was 1 109 238 persons;the 95% confidence limit estimated a total number of skeletal fluorosis patients were 309 177-758 199 persons,the median was 533 688 persons.Conclusions Qinghai province has a great quantity of brick tea consumption,having lots of people with drinking-tea fluorosis which is in severe degree.The resident food structure was monotonous and mostly transpolted from other region.