Objective To assess the status of rodent infestation in commercial kitchens using data from the‘Bright Kitchen, Clean Stove' initiative. The potential use of artificial-intelligence(AI)-based surveillance systems to monitor rodent density was explored, thereby providing a scientific basis for rodent control strategies. Methods As a component of the ‘Bright Kitchen, Clean Stove' initiative, the Minhang District Market Supervision Administration in Shanghai has installed cameras in 297 kitchens. These systems incorporate an AIpowered rodent image recognition method that automatically captures and stores the first image captured in each kitchen each day when a rodent is detected. In 2023, the system collected and stored 736 screenshots of rodents. Following manual verification,720 of the images were confirmed to contain rodents. The images were analyzed by noting the time, location, and kitchen area, and the species were manually identified to assess the population density. Results Rodent activity was detected in 34 of the 297 monitored kitchens, with an overall infestation rate of 11.45%. Of the 720 confirmed images of rodents, Rattus norvegicus(brown rat)was the predominant species, present in 409(56.81 %)images. Rodents were primarily concentrated in hot food preparation spaces. The density fluctuation curve had a multimodal pattern peaking in spring and autumn. The peak of daily activity was between 22: 00 and 2: 00. There was a significant difference in the rodent detection frequency between weekends and weekdays during peak hours and during non-peak hours(χ2=7.18, P＜ 0.01). Conclusions The ‘Bright Kitchen, Clear Stove' smart monitoring system has been proven to be applicable to rodent density monitoring. To control rodents in commercial kitchens, greater efforts are required to address and identify the specific infesting conditions and the key points in the control process.

Objective In this study,a pictorial database of Aedes albopictus eggs was built to establish a model for the automatic recognition and counting of eggs of this mosquito species.Methods In total,449 images of Ae.albopictus eggs from field strains in three districts of Shanghai and laboratory strains were collected.The eggs were manually calibrated using the Python environment labeling library,and the faster region-based convolution neural network(Faster R-CNN)was used to train the model with the tile overlap method.Results The results of model validation evaluation using accuracy,recall,and F-measure showed that after 15 training sessions,the loss gradually decreased with increasing training frequency and ultimately decreased to 0.000119.The mean accuracy(mAP)increased from 0.968 to 0.980 with increasing training frequency.The final model had an accuracy of up to 0.90,a recall rate of 0.97,and an F-measure of 0.93.Conclusion The established model achieved its function of assisting in egg identification and counting.With further optimization of the model and refining of its classification and recognition capabilities,it will serve as a simple and efficient auxiliary monitoring tool.

Objective The aim of the paper is to analyze the characteristics of imported malaria cases in Minhang District after local malaria elimination,and to improve prevention and control measures.Methods As local malaria was announced eliminated in Shanghai,in 2015,the malaria cases report information in Minhang District from 2016 to 2023 were enrolled to analyze the epidemic characteristics,infection sources,and treatment of malaria with descriptive epidemiological methods.Results A total of 47 cases were reported in Minhang District from 2016 to 2023,all of which were imported cases confirmed by the laboratory,mainly falciparum malaria.The overall proportion of falciparum malaria after 2020 was significantly higher than that from 2016 to 2019,with a statistically significant difference.There was no obvious seasonality in the onset of malaria cases,with a peak in February(six cases,12.77%)and a low in June(one case,2.13%).Most cases were young to middle-aged males and employed workers.All cases originated in Africa,mainly West Africa(35 cases,65.96%).Therewere 35 cases(74.47%)that occurred within two weeks of arrival and 89.36%of cases preferred tertiary medical facilities for medical services.The initial correct diagnosis rate was 78.72%.The median interval from onset to diagnosis was one day.The median interval from onset to entry was three days for falciparum,74 days for ovale,and two days for vivax malaria.Conclusions Malaria surveillance capacity in Minhang District remained excellent after local malaria elimination.However,imported malaria cases still pose a threat to public health,and multi-sectoral collaboration and health administration should be strengthened to improve clinical malaria screening capacity,diagnostic techniques,and medical management in the future.

Objective: To investigate the potential risk factors for occult lateral cervical lymph node metastasis (LNM) to levels Ⅲ and Ⅳ in patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) and the necessity of super-selective lateral lymph node dissection for patients harboring these metastases. Methods: This prospective study included PTC patients who were operated by the same surgeon in the Department of Head and Neck Surgery of Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences from October 2015 through October 2019. Preoperative ultrasound and enhanced Computer Tomography (CT) did not denote suspected enlarged lymph nodes in the lateral neck. All patients underwent lymph node dissection in levels Ⅲ and Ⅳ on the basis of original thyroid collar incision after LNM to level Ⅵ was confirmed by preoperative fine needlebiopsy or intraoperative frozen pathology. Results: Of all 143 patients, 74 (51.7%) had occult LNM in levels Ⅲ and Ⅳ confirmed by postoperative pathology. The average number of metastasized lymph nodes in levels Ⅲ and Ⅳ was 2.64±1.80, and that in level Ⅵ was 3.77±3.27. There was a significant linear positive correlation between the number of metastasized lymph nodes in level Ⅵ and that in levels Ⅲ and Ⅳ (r=0.341, P<0.001). That the metastasized lymph nodes in level Ⅵ equals three was the best predictor of occult lateral LNM to levels Ⅲ and Ⅳ. Univariate analysis showed that age <55 years, tumor size ≥2.0 cm, number of metastasized lymph nodes in level Ⅵ ≥3, and percentage of metastasized lymph nodes in the total number of dissected lymph nodes in level Ⅵ >50% were associated with occult LNM in levels Ⅲ and Ⅳ (P<0.05). Multivariate analysis showed that number of metastasized lymph nodes in level Ⅵ≥3 was an independent risk factor for occult LNM in levels Ⅲ and Ⅳ (P=0.006). Conclusions: Age, tumor size and LNM in level Ⅵ were associated with occult lateral LNM in PTC patients. Lymph node dissection in levels Ⅲ and Ⅳ could be considered for selective patients, since it will help to avoid secondary operation for residual tumor or recurrence resulted from insufficient treatment without increasing the incidence of complications or affecting patients' appearances.

Objective: To investigate the potential risk factors for occult lateral cervical lymph node metastasis (LNM) to levels Ⅲ and Ⅳ in patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) and the necessity of super-selective lateral lymph node dissection for patients harboring these metastases. Methods: This prospective study included PTC patients who were operated by the same surgeon in the Department of Head and Neck Surgery of Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences from October 2015 through October 2019. Preoperative ultrasound and enhanced Computer Tomography (CT) did not denote suspected enlarged lymph nodes in the lateral neck. All patients underwent lymph node dissection in levels Ⅲ and Ⅳ on the basis of original thyroid collar incision after LNM to level Ⅵ was confirmed by preoperative fine needlebiopsy or intraoperative frozen pathology. Results: Of all 143 patients, 74 (51.7%) had occult LNM in levels Ⅲ and Ⅳ confirmed by postoperative pathology. The average number of metastasized lymph nodes in levels Ⅲ and Ⅳ was 2.64±1.80, and that in level Ⅵ was 3.77±3.27. There was a significant linear positive correlation between the number of metastasized lymph nodes in level Ⅵ and that in levels Ⅲ and Ⅳ (r=0.341, P<0.001). That the metastasized lymph nodes in level Ⅵ equals three was the best predictor of occult lateral LNM to levels Ⅲ and Ⅳ. Univariate analysis showed that age <55 years, tumor size ≥2.0 cm, number of metastasized lymph nodes in level Ⅵ ≥3, and percentage of metastasized lymph nodes in the total number of dissected lymph nodes in level Ⅵ >50% were associated with occult LNM in levels Ⅲ and Ⅳ (P<0.05). Multivariate analysis showed that number of metastasized lymph nodes in level Ⅵ≥3 was an independent risk factor for occult LNM in levels Ⅲ and Ⅳ (P=0.006). Conclusions: Age, tumor size and LNM in level Ⅵ were associated with occult lateral LNM in PTC patients. Lymph node dissection in levels Ⅲ and Ⅳ could be considered for selective patients, since it will help to avoid secondary operation for residual tumor or recurrence resulted from insufficient treatment without increasing the incidence of complications or affecting patients' appearances.

OBJECTIVE: To compare the clinical efficacy on cervical spondylosis of nerve root type with qi stagnation and blood stasis treated with warming needle with different lengths of moxa stick. METHODS: Six hundred patients with cervical spondylosis of nerve root type with qi stagnation and blood stasis were randomly divided into 4 groups: a 4 cm length group (150 cases, 5 cases dropped off, 2 cases suspended), a 3 cm length group (150 cases, 6 cases dropped off, 2 cases suspended), a 2 cm length group (150 cases, 6 cases dropped off), and a routine acupuncture group (150 cases, 6 cases dropped off). Warming needle with moxa stick in the length of 4 cm, 3 cm and 2 cm was delivered in the 4 cm length group, the 3 cm length group and the 2 cm length group, respectively. In the routine acupuncture group, simple acupuncture was applied. The acupoints selected in the above groups included Dazhui (GV 14) and bilateral Jiaji (EX-B 2) of C₅ and C₇, Fengchi (GB 20), Jianzhen (SI 9), Quchi (LI 11), Zhongzhu (TE 3), etc. In each group, the intervention was delivered once daily and 5 times a week. One course of intervention was composed of 2 weeks and 2 courses were required. The TCM syndrome score, the score of clinical assessment scale for cervical spondylosis (CASCS), the score of the brachial plexus traction test of the affected upper limb, F wave occurrence rate and conduction velocity of the ulnar nerve, the median nerve and the radial nerve of the affected upper limb were compared before and after treatment in the patients of each group. The levels of serum inflammatory factors, i.e. interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) and hypersensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), were measured before and after treatment in the patients of each group. The clinical cfficacy was evaluated in the 4 groups. RESULTS: After treatment, the results of TCM syndrome evaluation, i.e. the scores of neck pain, activity limitation and upper limb numbness and pain, as well as the total scores; and the scores of brachial plexus traction test were reduced when compared with those before treatment in each group (P<0.01, P<0.05). The scores of subjective symptoms and adaptability, and the total scores of CASCS were elevated in comparison with those before treatment in each group (P<0.01, P<0.05). In the 4 cm length group, compared with the other 3 groups, the scores of neck pain and activity limitation for TCM syndrome evaluation, and its total score were lower (P<0.05, P<0.01); and the scores of subjective symptoms and adaptability, and the total score of CASCS were higher (P<0.05, P<0.01). The score of the brachial plexus traction test in the 4 cm length group was lower than that of the routine acupuncture group (P<0.05). After treatment, F wave occurrence rates and conduction velocity of median nerve and radial nerve were increased when compared with those before treatment in each group (P<0.05, P<0.01). F wave occurrence rate and conduction velocity of the radial nerve in the 4 cm length group were higher than those of the other 3 groups (P<0.05), and those of the median nerve were higher when compared with the routine acupuncture group (P<0.05). After treatment, the levels of serum IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α were all reduced when compared with those before treatment in each group (P<0.01, P<0.05); the level of serum IL-6 in the 4 cm length group was lower than those of the other 3 groups and serum level of TNF-α was lower compared with that in the routine acupuncture group (P<0.05). The total effective rate of the 4 cm length group was 78.3% (112/143), which was higher when compared with the 3 cm length group (67.6%, 96/142), the 2 cm length group (65.3%, 94/144) and the routine acupuncture group (53.5%, 77/144), respectively (P<0.05). CONCLUSION Warming needle with moxa stick of 4 cm in length effectively relieves the clinical symptoms of cervical spondylosis of nerve root type with qi stagnation and blood stasis, improves the nerve function of the upper limbs, and reduces the inflammatory responses caused by nerve compression. The clinical efficacy of this therapy with moxa stick of 4 cm in length is superior to the warming needle with moxa sticks of 3 cm and 2 cm, as well as the routine acupuncture.
Humans ; Interleukin-6 ; Neck Pain ; Qi ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha ; Spondylosis/therapy*

Humans ; Thyroid Cancer, Papillary/pathology* ; Lymphatic Metastasis/pathology* ; Neck/pathology* ; Lymph Nodes/pathology* ; Thyroid Neoplasms/pathology* ; Retrospective Studies ; Neck Dissection ; Thyroidectomy

OBJECTIVE: To explore the clinical effect of warming-needle moxibustion with different lengths of moxa stick for asthenospermia with kidney deficiency and liver depression. METHODS: A total of 240 patients with asthenospermia of kidney deficiency and liver depression were randomly divided into a 4-cm group (moxibustion with 4-cm moxa stick, 60 cases, 3 cases dropped off), a 3-cm group (moxibustion with 3-cm moxa stick, 60 cases, 4 cases dropped off), a 2-cm group (moxibustion with 2-cm moxa stick, 60 cases, 2 cases dropped off) and an acupuncture group (60 cases, 3 cases dropped off). All patients were treated with warming-needle moxibustion with different lengths of moxa stick or conventicnal acupuncture at Zhongwan (CV 12), Guanyuan (CV 4), Zhongji (CV 3), Guilai (ST 29), Yaoyangguan (GV 3), Guanyuanshu (BL 26), etc., once a day, five times a week; 4-week treatment was taken as one course, a total of two courses of treatment were given. The semen routine indexes, seminal plasma biochemical indexes, sex hormone levels and TCM syndrome score were compared before and after treatment among the 4 groups. RESULTS: After treatment, the sperm density, sperm viability, ratio of grade A sperm, ratio of grade A and B sperm, seminal plasma fructose and neutral α-glucosidase were higher than those before treatment (P<0.05, P<0.01), and the sperm deformity rates were lower than those before treatment in the 4-cm group and the 3-cm group (P<0.01, P<0.05). The ratio of grade A sperm, ratio of grade A and B sperm, seminal plasma fructose and neutral α-glucosidase in the 4-cm group were higher than the other three groups (P<0.05, P<0.01), and the sperm deformity rate was lower than the other three groups (P<0.05). After treatment, except for dizziness and tinnitus score, each-domain score and total scores of TCM syndrome scale in the 4-cm group and the 3-cm group were lower than those before treatment (P<0.01, P<0.05). The each-domain score of depression, weak waist and knees, low sexual function and total score in the 4-cm group were lower than those in the other three groups (P<0.05, P<0.01). The total effective rate was 87.7% (50/57) in the 4-cm group, which was higher than 78.6% (44/56) in the 3-cm group, 77.6% (45/58) in the 2-cm group and 70.2% (40/57) in the acupuncture group (P<0.05, P<0.01). CONCLUSION The warming-needle moxibustion with 4-cm moxa stick could effectively improve quality and motility of sperm and clinical symptoms in patients with asthenospermia of kidney deficiency and liver depression, which is superior to moxibustion with 3-cm, 2-cm moxa sticks and conventional acupuncture.
Acupuncture Points ; Acupuncture Therapy ; Depression ; Fructose ; Humans ; Kidney ; Liver ; Male ; Moxibustion ; Semen ; Treatment Outcome ; alpha-Glucosidases

Objective:To explore the risk factors of primary acute mesenteric venous thrombosis (AMVT) in plateau area.Methods:Data of 54 primary AMVT cases admitted to the People's Hospital of Tibet Autonomous Region between Jan 2015 and Jul 2021 were retrospectively analyzed. There were 42 males and 12 females, aged from 29-79 years. One hundred and ninty matched volunteers severed as control. Logistic multivariate regression analysis was used to screen out independent risk factors. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and the area under the curve are used to evaluate the value of each indicator and model prediction.Results:Univariate analysis showed that the two groups were significantly different in gender, smoking history, drinking history, and hemoglobin concentration ( P<0.05); there was no significant difference in age, altitude of residence, uric acid and BMI ( P>0.05). Logistic multivariate regression analysis showed that male ( OR=2.466, 95% CI: 1.166-5.212, P=0.018), elevated hemoglobin levels ( OR=2.761, 95% CI: 1.411-5.403, P=0.003) were independent risk factors for primary AMVT. The area under the ROC curve of the two predictors and prediction model are 0.639 (95% CI: 0.559-0.719), 0.650 (95% CI: 0.563-0.737), 0.697 (95% CI: 0.618-0.776). Conclusion:Male and elevated hemoglobin levels are independent risk factors for primary AMVT in plateau areas.

ObjectiveTo investigate the long-term safety of triptolide ferulic acid ethosome gel in percutaneous administration. MethodWe mixed triptolide with ferulic acid to make liposomes gel in different doses and then administrated the gel to SD rats of both sexes with intact skin and damaged skin for 12 weeks. The daily dosages calculated based on triptolide for the low-， middle-， and high-dose groups were 63.75， 127.50， 255.00 μg·kg^-1， respectively. The body weight of each rat was measured weekly. The rats were sacrificed in the last week for the determination of serum biochemical parameters and organ indexes as well as the observation of histopathology. The toxicity was assessed based on the body weight and all the parameters and indexes. ResultAfter long-term administration， the body weight and serum biochemical parameters did not show significant difference between the gel-treated groups and the blank group with intact skin， which indicated that the percutaneous administration of triptolide and ferulic acid ethosomes gel was relatively safe. However， the rats in the high-dose group showed sparse hair and were easy to die in the case of unhairing with chloral hydrate at the late stage of the study. Comprared with the female rats with intact skin in the blank control group， the female rats with damaged skin in the middle-dose group showed decreased heart index （P<0.05）， which indicated certain cardiotoxicity. Moreover， damage appeared in skin and lung， which may be influeneced by dosage， sex， and skin state. ConclusionFerulic acid in combination with triptolide is relatively safe for percutaneous administration， whereas there are some risks of skin and lung damage in the case of long-term administration. Individualized administration scheme should be developed according to liver and kidney function and skin conditons to ensure the safety of clinical medication.