The American Heart Association (AHA) and the American College of Cardiology (ACC), in collaboration with multiple professional organizations, jointly released the "Guideline for the Prevention, Detection, Evaluation and Management of High Blood Pressure in Adults" in August 2025. Based on the latest evidence-based medical findings from February 2015 to January 2025, the guideline proposes an individualized treatment strategy grounded in total cardiovascular disease risk stratification, incorporates the novel PREVENT risk assessment model, lowers the medication initiation threshold and control targets for high-risk populations, and provides specific management recommendations for special populations. This article provides an interpretation of these updates and conducts a comparative analysis with the current status of hypertension prevention and treatment in China as well as Chinese guidelines, aiming to offer reference for hypertension control practices in China.

The American Heart Association (AHA) officially released the "2025 Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics: A Report of US and Global Data From the American Heart Association" on January 27, 2025. This report systematically compiles the latest statistics on major cardiovascular diseases worldwide, while simultaneously integrating relevant outcome indicators, including quality of care, procedures, and economic costs, and updating the global prevalence patterns and evolving trends of diverse risk factors impacting cardiovascular health, providing essential guidance for the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of cardiovascular diseases. Synthesizing insights from this pivotal report and other relevant studies, this article highlights key findings concerning the global prevalence and mortality of heart diseases, associated risk factors, and emerging diagnostic and therapeutic technologies.

The European Society of Cardiology (ESC) released the "2024 ESC guidelines for the management of elevated blood pressure and hypertension" on August 30, 2024. This guideline updates the 2018 "Guidelines for the management of arterial hypertension." One notable update is the introduction of the concept of "elevated blood pressure" (120-139/70-89 mm Hg). Additionally, a new systolic blood pressure target range of 120-129 mm Hg has been proposed for most patients receiving antihypertensive treatment. The guideline also includes numerous additions or revisions in areas such as non-pharmacological interventions and device-based treatments for hypertension. This article interprets the guideline's recommendations on definition and classification of elevated blood pressure and hypertension, and cardiovascular disease risk assessment, diagnosing hypertension and investigating underlying causes, preventing and treating elevated blood pressure and hypertension. We provide a comparison interpretation with the 2018 "Guidelines for the management of arterial hypertension" and the "2017 ACC/AHA guideline on the prevention, detection, evaluation, and management of high blood pressure in adults."

Cardiovascular disease and cancer are the two leading chronic conditions contributing to global mortality. With the rising incidence of cancer, the prevalence of cancer therapy-related cardiovascular complications has also increased, driving the development of the emerging field of cardio-oncology. The advancement of precision medicine offers new opportunities for the individualized and targeted management of cardiovascular toxicities associated with cancer treatment. Artificial intelligence (AI) has the potential to overcome traditional limitations in medical data integration, dynamic monitoring, and interdisciplinary collaboration, thereby accelerating the application of precision medicine in cardio-oncology. By enabling personalized treatment and reducing cardiovascular complications in cancer patients, AI serves as a critical tool in this domain. This article provides an in-depth interpretation of the 鈥淎rtificial intelligence to enhance precision medicine in cardio-oncology: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association鈥?aiming to inform the integration of AI into precision medicine in China. The goal is to promote its application in the management of cardiovascular diseases related to cancer therapy and to achieve precision management in this context.

The World Health Organization (WHO) released the “Global report on hypertension” on September 19, 2023. This report systematically summarizes the prevalence, mortality, diagnosis and treatment of hypertension in various countries, and elucidates the current situation of hypertension management, and gives a series of suggestions on how to manage hypertension, providing new thinking and inspiration for countries to optimize hypertension management. Through the summary of relevant studies and reports, this paper further reviews the present situation, early identification and management of hypertension.

Objective:To explore whether the food additive sodium benzoate(NAB) induces pancreatic inflammation and β cell apoptosis through the benzoylation(Kbz) modification pathway.Methods:In vivo experiments: C57BL/6J male mice(8 weeks old, 18-20 g) were randomly divided into normal control group(double distilled water feeding) and NAB feeding group(1 g/kg NAB feeding). Blood glucose were measured. After 20 weeks, fasting serum insulin, interleukin(IL)-18, IL-1β, and benzoyl-CoA levels were detected by ELISA method. Bax, IL-18, Pan-Kbz and Pan-Kac were detected by immunohistochemistry staining. In vitro experiments: β-TC-6 cells were cultured with NAB(6 mmol/L) or benzoyl-CoA(100 μmol/L) as stimulator and acyltransferase P300 inhibitor A485(10 μmol/L) as intervention factor. 24 hours later, inflammation, apoptosis, insulin secretion and Pan-Kbz level were detected by qRT-PCR, ELISA and Western blotting.Results:In the in vivo experiments, compared to the NC group, mice in the NAB group exhibited impaired glucose tolerance, decreased fasting insulin levels, significantly increased serum benzoyl coenzyme A concentrations, relatively elevated pancreatic IL-1β, IL-18, and Bax protein expressions, increased levels of Pan-Kbz, while Pan-Kac levels were downregulated(all P<0.05); In vitro experiments, NAB dose-dependently inhibited insulin secretion, promoted the release of Pan-Kbz and inflammatory factors IL-18 and TNF- α, inhibited Bcl-2 expression and up-regulated Bax expression, A485 reversed NAB-induced Pan-Kbz modification, improved NAB-induced inflammation and apoptosis, and promoted insulin secretion(all P<0.05). Conclusion:NAB may induce pancreatic inflammation, β-cell apoptosis, and impair insulin secretion through Kbz modification pathway.

The Chinese Guidelines on Diagnosis and Management of Atrial Fibrillation, jointly formulated by the Chinese Society of Cardiology, Chinese Medical Association and the Heart Rhythm Committee of Chinese Society of Biomedical Engineering, was first released on June 15, 2023. The guidelines elaborate the various aspects of atrial fibrillation management, in which emergency management of atrial fibrillation is also an integral part. This article interpreted the emergency management part in the guidelines in detail by reviewing relevant literature.

Liddle syndrome and Gordon syndrome are two rare single-gene inherited hypertension diseases. In patients≤40 years, the prevalence of Liddle syndrome is about 1% and Gordon syndrome is uncertain all over the word, for which is often misdiagnosed and mistreated. The therapies of those diseases are targeted at gene mutation sites, as well as combined with modified lifestyle, and can achieve satisfactory diseases control. This paper reports a patient who is diagnosed with Liddle syndrome and Gordon syndrome at the same time. We aimed to consolidate and improve the diagnosis and accurate treatment of those two diseases by sharing, studying and discussing together with clinical doctors.

Macrolide antibiotics are a class of broad-spectrum antibiotics with the macrolide as core nucleus. Recently, antibiotic pollution has become an important environmental problem due to the irregular production and abuse of macrolide antibiotics. Microbial degradation is one of the most effective methods to deal with antibiotic pollution. This review summarizes the current status of environmental pollution caused by macrolide antibiotics, the degradation strains, the degradation enzymes, the degradation pathways and the microbial processes for degrading macrolide antibiotics. Moreover, the critical challenges on the biodegradation of macrolide antibiotics were also discussed.
Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Biodegradation, Environmental ; Macrolides

Objective:To investigate the effects of B7-H3 molecule on clear cell renal cell carcinoma (786-O) metastasis.Methods:Lentiviral transfection method was used to construct 786-O cells stably expressing low level of B7-H3 (shB7-H3 group) and a negative control cell line (shNC group). RT-qPCR, flow cytometry and Western blot were used to assess the efficiency of lentiviral transfection. CCK-8 method was used to detect the proliferation of 786-O cells in the two groups. Flow cytometry was performed to detect the changes in cell cycle. Cell scratch test and Transwell assay were used to detect the differences in cell migration and invasion. Western blot was used to detect the expression of marker proteins in the process of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (epithelial-mesenchymal transition, EMT). Changes in the expression of chemokines and their receptors were analyzed by flow cytometry and RT-qPCR. Effects of anti-CCL4 antibody on cell migration and invasion were analyzed by Transwell assay.Results:Flow cytometry showed that 786-O cells highly expressed B7-H3 molecules and the lentiviral transfection method successfully constructed the cell line with lower expression of B7-H3 (786-O-shB7-H3) and control cell line (786-O-shNC). B7-H3 molecule had no significant effect on the proliferation of 786-O cells. No significant difference in cell cycle was found between the two groups. Compared with 786-O-shNC cells, the migration and invasion ability of 786-O-shB7-H3 cells was suppressed. Moreover, the expression of EMT-related marker proteins (fibronectin and N-cadherin) was reduced and the expression of E-cadherin was increased in 786-O-shB7-H3 cells. The expression of CCL4 and its receptor CCR5 in the shB7-H3 group was lower than that in the shNC group. After intervention with anti-CCL4 antibody, the migration and invasion ability of 786-O-shNC cells was reduced, while that of 786-O-shB7-H3 cells had no significant change.Conclusions:Knocking down the expression of B7-H3 molecule had no significant effect on the proliferation of 786-O cells, but could affect the EMT process of 786-O cells and reduce tumor migration and invasion ability, thereby inhibiting tumor progression.