Varicocele is a common disease of the male reproductive system, and the pampiniform plexus in the spermatic cord manifests abnormal dilatation, extension, and circuity, which is a vasculopathy. In this article, we believe that the relevance of the essence chamber collaterals to the spermatic vein in terms of anatomical morphology and physiological function is high and that when pathogenic qi invades the essence chamber, the qi and collaterals of the essence chamber are out of harmony, the fluid collaterals are impassable, and the blood collaterals are obstrcuted, and the essence chamber collaterals are blockaded with several pathological products, and even intermingled phlegm and blood stasis in the blood collaterals and form vascular clusters, resulting in the formation and development of varicocele. Based on this, this article proposes the core treatment principle of healing, harmonizing, activating, and dredging the collaterals, with the basic treatment method of nourishing qi and harmonizing collaterals, activating blood collaterals, and dredging blood stasis to, respectively treat degree Ⅰ, Ⅱ, and Ⅲ varicocele, aiming to prevent the change of the varicocele, dredge the curvature of the varicocele, and dissipate the knots of the varicocele. The proposal of essence chamber collaterals is of great significance to understanding the common law and pathological aspects of the occurrence and development of essence collateral and vascular lesions from the perspective of integrated traditional Chinese and Western medicine.

Based on the pathogenesis of erectile dysfunction (ED) from the meridian-zangfu relationship and the "brain-heart-kidney-essence chamber" axis, it proposes that dysfunction of the "brain-heart-kidney-essence chamber" axis is closely related to the occurrence of ED. Among these, brain-heart disharmony is the key pathogenic factor, kidney deficiency and essence depletion constitute an important basis, and essence chamber stasis is a critical mechanism. The treatment approach emphasizes harmonizing the brain and heart, regulating the mind, tonifying the kidney and replenishing qi, unblocking qi and blood to harmonize the essence chamber. The primary acupoints include Baihui (GV20)-Neiguan (PC6)-Shenmen (HT7), Taixi (KI3)-Guanyuan (CV4)-Sanyinjiao (SP6), and Zhongji (CV3)-Dahe (KI12)-Gongsun (SP4), with additional acupoints selected based on syndrome differentiation. This approach aims to restore the clarity of the brain and heart, replenish kidney qi, and unblock the essence chamber, thereby facilitating the restoration of normal functions of the brain, heart, kidney, and essence chamber, and alleviating ED symptoms and improving overall clinical efficacy.
Humans ; Male ; Meridians ; Erectile Dysfunction/physiopathology* ; Kidney/physiopathology* ; Brain/physiopathology* ; Acupuncture Therapy ; Acupuncture Points ; Heart/physiopathology*

Objective Maintain a sable differential pressure inside the Underwater Positive Pressure Protective Suit(UPPPS)to ensure normal breathing and safe underwater operations for the diver.Methods Utilize a pressure regulator as the UPPPS's pressure control valve to automatically maintain the differential pressure inside the suit.Results By establishing a physical model,the relationship between the steady-state differential pressure with the ventilation flow rate and the ambient pressure was obtained.(1)The ventilation flow rate is positively correlated with the steady-state differential pressure,the higher the ventilation flow rate,the greater the steady-state differential pressure.(2)At the same ventilation flow rate,the larger the ambient pressure is,the smaller the steady-state differential pressure is.Underwater unmanned and manned experiments using the UWT suit were conducted.The expermental results are in agreement with the theoretical analysis.Conclusion The performance of pressure regulator has been verified by the underwater experiments,it effectively stabilizes the differential pressure within the UPPPS.

Asthenospermia is one of the important causes of male infertility,and its etiology and pathogenesis are complex.Traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)offers unique advantages in treating this disease.The"kidney deficiency and toxic-stasis"theory reveals the dynamic relationship between kidney essence deficiency and the interaction of toxic-stasis in disease pathogenesis,which can be applied clinically to guide the differentiation and treatment of asthenospermia.The formation of asthenospermia is closely related to the deficiency of kidney essence and the blockage of toxic stasis.The kidney essence is the source of reproductive essence.If the kidney essence is depleted for a long time and the kidney essence is deficient,the essence chamber cannot be enriched,resulting in spermatozoa dysfunction and poor spermatozoa mobility.The poison stasis interferes with the spermatozoa and turns into spermatotoxin,which directly harms spermatozoa fertility and leads to the decrease of spermatozoa mobility.Tongjing Jiedu Formula takes tonifying kidney to supply essence,diuresis and detoxification,activating blood circulation and removing blood stasis as the treatment principle,focusing on tonifying kidney to fill essence and nourishing healthy qi to restore the nourishing effect of kidney essence,and also emphasizes clearing heat and detoxification,activating blood circulation and removing blood stasis,promoting diuresis and dredging collaterals to remove poisonous damp-heat and static blood and harmonize blood and vessel,improving spermatogenic environment and improving sperm vitality to help men have children.This article analyzes the application of Tongjing Jiedu Formula in treating asthenospermia from the perspective of"kidney deficiency and toxic stasis",aiming to provid new ideas and methods for the explanation of the pathogenesis of the disease and TCM treatment.

Environmental pollutants generated by industrialization,characterized by microplastics,are increasingly impairing male fertility in the form of"environmental hidden toxins".Although the concept of environmental toxicity has been proposed for a long time,its practical application remains limited.Therefore,this study innovatively introduces and elaborates on the concept of"environmental hidden toxins",highlighting its pathogenic characteristics,including latency,turbidity,consumptive nature,concurrent nature,and transmutation.Environmental hidden toxin can be classified into five categories based on the properties:stagnation toxins,scorching toxins,turbid toxins,desiccating toxins,and latent toxins.The core pathogenesis of environmental hidden toxins-induced male infertility involves three stages:firstly,invading the lungs and spleen,leading to the gradual depletion of healthy qi;secondly,forming toxin-stasis complexes that obstruct the spermatic pathway;and lastly,penetrating deeply into the seminal chamber,directly damaging the genuine essence.The treatment principle emphasizes"strengthening the foundation and clearing the source,"advocating dual strategies of detoxification and strengthening vital qi.This includes enhancing clarity and lowering turbidity,fortifying the earth to generate metal to replenish healthy qi;resolving stasis,unblocking collaterals,and dispelling toxins to eliminate pathogenic factors;and nourishing the kidneys,replenishing essence,and expelling toxins to preserve the genuine essence.All the above approaches form a holistic traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)strategy that treating both manifestation and root cause of disease.The study provides theoretical foundations and offers novel clinical insights into TCM interventions for male infertility caused by environmental pollutants.

Environmental pollutants generated by industrialization,characterized by microplastics,are increasingly impairing male fertility in the form of"environmental hidden toxins".Although the concept of environmental toxicity has been proposed for a long time,its practical application remains limited.Therefore,this study innovatively introduces and elaborates on the concept of"environmental hidden toxins",highlighting its pathogenic characteristics,including latency,turbidity,consumptive nature,concurrent nature,and transmutation.Environmental hidden toxin can be classified into five categories based on the properties:stagnation toxins,scorching toxins,turbid toxins,desiccating toxins,and latent toxins.The core pathogenesis of environmental hidden toxins-induced male infertility involves three stages:firstly,invading the lungs and spleen,leading to the gradual depletion of healthy qi;secondly,forming toxin-stasis complexes that obstruct the spermatic pathway;and lastly,penetrating deeply into the seminal chamber,directly damaging the genuine essence.The treatment principle emphasizes"strengthening the foundation and clearing the source,"advocating dual strategies of detoxification and strengthening vital qi.This includes enhancing clarity and lowering turbidity,fortifying the earth to generate metal to replenish healthy qi;resolving stasis,unblocking collaterals,and dispelling toxins to eliminate pathogenic factors;and nourishing the kidneys,replenishing essence,and expelling toxins to preserve the genuine essence.All the above approaches form a holistic traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)strategy that treating both manifestation and root cause of disease.The study provides theoretical foundations and offers novel clinical insights into TCM interventions for male infertility caused by environmental pollutants.

Asthenospermia is one of the important causes of male infertility,and its etiology and pathogenesis are complex.Traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)offers unique advantages in treating this disease.The"kidney deficiency and toxic-stasis"theory reveals the dynamic relationship between kidney essence deficiency and the interaction of toxic-stasis in disease pathogenesis,which can be applied clinically to guide the differentiation and treatment of asthenospermia.The formation of asthenospermia is closely related to the deficiency of kidney essence and the blockage of toxic stasis.The kidney essence is the source of reproductive essence.If the kidney essence is depleted for a long time and the kidney essence is deficient,the essence chamber cannot be enriched,resulting in spermatozoa dysfunction and poor spermatozoa mobility.The poison stasis interferes with the spermatozoa and turns into spermatotoxin,which directly harms spermatozoa fertility and leads to the decrease of spermatozoa mobility.Tongjing Jiedu Formula takes tonifying kidney to supply essence,diuresis and detoxification,activating blood circulation and removing blood stasis as the treatment principle,focusing on tonifying kidney to fill essence and nourishing healthy qi to restore the nourishing effect of kidney essence,and also emphasizes clearing heat and detoxification,activating blood circulation and removing blood stasis,promoting diuresis and dredging collaterals to remove poisonous damp-heat and static blood and harmonize blood and vessel,improving spermatogenic environment and improving sperm vitality to help men have children.This article analyzes the application of Tongjing Jiedu Formula in treating asthenospermia from the perspective of"kidney deficiency and toxic stasis",aiming to provid new ideas and methods for the explanation of the pathogenesis of the disease and TCM treatment.

Male infertility,a common condition in andrology,falls under the category of"no son"in traditional Chinese medicine(TCM).Unhealthy eating habits and excessive sexual activity,prevalent due to improved living standards,have contributed to the increasing incidence of male infertility.YE Tianshi proposed the theory of"maintaining with the sweet and restoring the body fluids",which emphasizes the importance of ample body fluid for the nourishment of the male essence chamber.Sufficient body fluid is crucial for normal sperm generation.In TCM,the primary pathogenesis of male infertility involves the loss of body fluids and insufficiency of yin essence.Sweet Chinese herbal medicinal is recommended as it nourishes yin,enriches essence,and replenishes male reproductive essence without producing phlegm and dampness.Therefore,when treating male infertility,attention should be given to the use of sweet Chinese herbal medicinal,adhering to the principle of"abundant body fluids nourish kidney yin,and abundant kidney yin supports semen production".Therapies such as purging fire to preserve body fluids with Zengye Decoction,nourishing yin to enrich essence with Guilu Erxian Decoction,benefiting qi to promote fluid production with Buzhong Yiqi Decoction,and warming yang and transporting fluids with Xianfu Shezi Decoction should be considered.Medication and dosage adjustments should be made based on the specific etiology,pathology,and related symptoms to improve the quality of male sperm and enhance the chances of conception.

Objective:To investigate the strategy of balanoplasty in penile reconstruction with free forearm flap.Methods:From October 2010 to October 2015, 20 patients (19-41 years old) underwent penile reconstruction with free forearm skin flap in Xijing Hospital of Air Force Military Medical University, including 14 cases of transexuals (female to male), 3 cases of hermaphroditism, 2 cases of congenital penile dysplasia and 1 case of penile defect after trauma. According to the tissue quantity of forearm flap and the development of glans, three methods were adopted to reconstruct the glans: free forearm skin flap + E-shaped cartilage framework, free dorsalis pedis flap + E-shaped cartilage framework or free glans transplantation. The patients were followed up for a long time postoperation to observe the morphological changes of the glans after different method of balanoplasty.Results:Among the 20 patients, 18 cases were treated with distal part of free forearm flap and E-shaped cartilage framework for glans reconstruction, 1 case of transexuals used free dorsalis pedis flap and E-shaped cartilage framework for glans reconstruction, and 1 case of hermaphroditism used free glans transplantation to reconstruct glans. After 10-36 months of follow-up, all reconstructed penises survived. The shape of glans reconstructed by dorsalis pedis flap was the most plump and natural with clear coronal sulcus; the amount of glans tissue reconstructed by forearm skin flap was slightly insufficient, and the coronal sulcus was slightly flat, while the overall shape was satisfactory. The reconstructive glans with free glans transplantation was not plump, but they retained the shape of glans, which was lifelike.Conclusions:If the tissue quantity of forearm skin flap is sufficient, the distal part of free forearm flap and E-shaped cartilage framework is used; if the tissue quantity of forearm is seriously insufficient, the free dorsalis pedis flap and E-shaped cartilage framework is used. For hermaphroditism patients with well-developed glans, autologous glans free transplantation is used.Individualized strategy of balanoplasty according to different conditions of patients is conducive to obtaining satisfactory appearance of the glans.

Since it was introduced in the 1970s, skin and soft tissue expansion has been widely used in the field of plastic and reconstructive surgery, and has achieved good results. In the field of ear reconstruction, there are many related studies and reports available. The author reviewed and summarized the history and current progress of skin and soft tissue expansion and its application in auricular reconstruction, and offered author’s personal opinion on the classification and naming of ear reconstruction based on expansion technique.